vulkan: add workaround for iterator boundary check to fix clang-cl debug build (#7426)

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -505,6 +505,12 @@ if (LLAMA_VULKAN)
 
         add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_VULKAN)
 
+        # Workaround to the "can't dereference invalidated vector iterator" bug in clang-cl debug build
+        # Posssibly relevant: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74748276/visual-studio-no-displays-the-correct-length-of-stdvector
+        if (MSVC AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+            add_compile_definitions(_ITERATOR_DEBUG_LEVEL=0)
+        endif()
+
         if (LLAMA_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS)
             add_compile_definitions(GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS)
         endif()