llama.cpp/ggml-quants.c

#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_C
#include "ggml-common.h"

#include "ggml-quants.h"
#include "ggml-impl.h"

#define GGML_COMMON_IMPL_C
#include "ggml-common.h"

#include <math.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <stdlib.h> // for qsort
#include <stdio.h>  // for GGML_ASSERT

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
// disable "possible loss of data" to avoid warnings for hundreds of casts
// we should just be careful :)
#pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267)
#endif

#define UNUSED GGML_UNUSED

// some compilers don't provide _mm256_set_m128i, e.g. gcc 7
#define MM256_SET_M128I(a, b) _mm256_insertf128_si256(_mm256_castsi128_si256(b), (a), 1)

#if defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)
// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice
static inline __m128i mul_sum_i8_pairs(const __m128i x, const __m128i y) {
    // Get absolute values of x vectors
    const __m128i ax = _mm_sign_epi8(x, x);
    // Sign the values of the y vectors
    const __m128i sy = _mm_sign_epi8(y, x);
    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
    const __m128i dot = _mm_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
    const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
    return _mm_madd_epi16(ones, dot);
}

#if __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
// horizontally add 8 floats
static inline float hsum_float_8(const __m256 x) {
    __m128 res = _mm256_extractf128_ps(x, 1);
    res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm256_castps256_ps128(x));
    res = _mm_add_ps(res, _mm_movehl_ps(res, res));
    res = _mm_add_ss(res, _mm_movehdup_ps(res));
    return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}

// horizontally add 8 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_8(const __m256i a) {
    const __m128i sum128 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(a), _mm256_extractf128_si256(a, 1));
    const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(sum128, sum128);
    const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, sum128);
    const __m128i hi32  = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
    return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}

// horizontally add 4 int32_t
static inline int hsum_i32_4(const __m128i a) {
    const __m128i hi64 = _mm_unpackhi_epi64(a, a);
    const __m128i sum64 = _mm_add_epi32(hi64, a);
    const __m128i hi32  = _mm_shuffle_epi32(sum64, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 3, 0, 1));
    return _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_add_epi32(sum64, hi32));
}

#if defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
    uint32_t x32;
    memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
    const __m256i shuf_mask = _mm256_set_epi64x(
            0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202,
            0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
    __m256i bytes = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(_mm256_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_mask);
    const __m256i bit_mask = _mm256_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
    bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bit_mask);
    return _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(bytes, _mm256_set1_epi64x(-1));
}

// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
    const __m128i tmp = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
    const __m256i bytes = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(tmp, 4), tmp);
    const __m256i lowMask = _mm256_set1_epi8( 0xF );
    return _mm256_and_si256(lowMask, bytes);
}

// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m256i x) {
    const __m256i ones = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);
    const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_madd_epi16(ones, x);
    return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}

static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
#if defined(__AVXVNNI__) || (defined(__AVX512VNNI__) && defined(__AVX512VL__))
    const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
    const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbusd_epi32(zero, ax, sy);
    return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
    const __m256i dot = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
    return sum_i16_pairs_float(dot);
#endif
}

// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
#if __AVXVNNIINT8__
    const __m256i zero = _mm256_setzero_si256();
    const __m256i summed_pairs = _mm256_dpbssd_epi32(zero, x, y);
    return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
#else
    // Get absolute values of x vectors
    const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
    // Sign the values of the y vectors
    const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
    return mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(ax, sy);
#endif
}

static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m256i bytes )
{
    // Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
#if __AVX512F__
    const __m256i bytes_srli_4 = _mm256_srli_epi16(bytes, 4);   // 0000_0000_abcd_0000
    bytes = _mm256_or_si256(bytes, bytes_srli_4);               // 0000_abcd_abcd_efgh
    return _mm256_cvtepi16_epi8(bytes);                         // abcd_efgh
#else
    const __m256i lowByte = _mm256_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
    __m256i high = _mm256_andnot_si256( lowByte, bytes );
    __m256i low = _mm256_and_si256( lowByte, bytes );
    high = _mm256_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
    bytes = _mm256_or_si256( low, high );

    // Compress uint16_t lanes into bytes
    __m128i r0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( bytes );
    __m128i r1 = _mm256_extracti128_si256( bytes, 1 );
    return _mm_packus_epi16( r0, r1 );
#endif
}
#elif defined(__AVX__)
// spread 32 bits to 32 bytes { 0x00, 0xFF }
static inline __m256i bytes_from_bits_32(const uint8_t * x) {
    uint32_t x32;
    memcpy(&x32, x, sizeof(uint32_t));
    const __m128i shuf_maskl = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
    const __m128i shuf_maskh = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0303030303030303, 0x0202020202020202);
    __m128i bytesl = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskl);
    __m128i bytesh = _mm_shuffle_epi8(_mm_set1_epi32(x32), shuf_maskh);
    const __m128i bit_mask = _mm_set1_epi64x(0x7fbfdfeff7fbfdfe);
    bytesl = _mm_or_si128(bytesl, bit_mask);
    bytesh = _mm_or_si128(bytesh, bit_mask);
    bytesl = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesl, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
    bytesh = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(bytesh, _mm_set1_epi64x(-1));
    return MM256_SET_M128I(bytesh, bytesl);
}

// Unpack 32 4-bit fields into 32 bytes
// The output vector contains 32 bytes, each one in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval
static inline __m256i bytes_from_nibbles_32(const uint8_t * rsi)
{
    // Load 16 bytes from memory
    __m128i tmpl = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)rsi);
    __m128i tmph = _mm_srli_epi16(tmpl, 4);
    const __m128i lowMask = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    tmpl = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmpl);
    tmph = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmph);
    return MM256_SET_M128I(tmph, tmpl);
}

// add int16_t pairwise and return as float vector
static inline __m256 sum_i16_pairs_float(const __m128i xh, const __m128i xl) {
    const __m128i ones = _mm_set1_epi16(1);
    const __m128i summed_pairsl = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xl);
    const __m128i summed_pairsh = _mm_madd_epi16(ones, xh);
    const __m256i summed_pairs = MM256_SET_M128I(summed_pairsh, summed_pairsl);
    return _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(summed_pairs);
}

static inline __m256 mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(const __m256i ax, const __m256i sy) {
    const __m128i axl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(ax);
    const __m128i axh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(ax, 1);
    const __m128i syl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(sy);
    const __m128i syh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(sy, 1);
    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
    const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
    const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
    return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}

// multiply int8_t, add results pairwise twice and return as float vector
static inline __m256 mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
    const __m128i xl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(x);
    const __m128i xh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(x, 1);
    const __m128i yl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(y);
    const __m128i yh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(y, 1);
    // Get absolute values of x vectors
    const __m128i axl = _mm_sign_epi8(xl, xl);
    const __m128i axh = _mm_sign_epi8(xh, xh);
    // Sign the values of the y vectors
    const __m128i syl = _mm_sign_epi8(yl, xl);
    const __m128i syh = _mm_sign_epi8(yh, xh);
    // Perform multiplication and create 16-bit values
    const __m128i dotl = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axl, syl);
    const __m128i doth = _mm_maddubs_epi16(axh, syh);
    return sum_i16_pairs_float(doth, dotl);
}

static inline __m128i packNibbles( __m128i bytes1, __m128i bytes2 )
{
    // Move bits within 16-bit lanes from 0000_abcd_0000_efgh into 0000_0000_abcd_efgh
    const __m128i lowByte = _mm_set1_epi16( 0xFF );
    __m128i high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
    __m128i low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes1 );
    high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
    bytes1 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );
    high = _mm_andnot_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
    low = _mm_and_si128( lowByte, bytes2 );
    high = _mm_srli_epi16( high, 4 );
    bytes2 = _mm_or_si128( low, high );

    return _mm_packus_epi16( bytes1, bytes2);
}
#endif
#elif defined(__SSSE3__)
// horizontally add 4x4 floats
static inline float hsum_float_4x4(const __m128 a, const __m128 b, const __m128 c, const __m128 d) {
    __m128 res_0 =_mm_hadd_ps(a, b);
    __m128 res_1 =_mm_hadd_ps(c, d);
    __m128 res =_mm_hadd_ps(res_0, res_1);
    res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);
    res =_mm_hadd_ps(res, res);

    return _mm_cvtss_f32(res);
}
#endif // __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__
#endif // defined(__AVX__) || defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX512F__) || defined(__SSSE3__)

#if defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__wasm_simd128__)
#define B1(c,s,n)  0x ## n ## c ,  0x ## n ## s
#define B2(c,s,n) B1(c,s,n ## c), B1(c,s,n ## s)
#define B3(c,s,n) B2(c,s,n ## c), B2(c,s,n ## s)
#define B4(c,s,n) B3(c,s,n ## c), B3(c,s,n ## s)
#define B5(c,s,n) B4(c,s,n ## c), B4(c,s,n ## s)
#define B6(c,s,n) B5(c,s,n ## c), B5(c,s,n ## s)
#define B7(c,s,n) B6(c,s,n ## c), B6(c,s,n ## s)
#define B8(c,s  ) B7(c,s,     c), B7(c,s,     s)

// precomputed tables for expanding 8bits to 8 bytes:
static const uint64_t table_b2b_0[1 << 8] = { B8(00, 10) }; // ( b) << 4
static const uint64_t table_b2b_1[1 << 8] = { B8(10, 00) }; // (!b) << 4
#endif

// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q4_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK4_0;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
        float max  = 0.0f;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*qk + j];
            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
                amax = fabsf(v);
                max  = v;
            }
        }

        const float d  = max / -8;
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0    + j]*id;
            const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;

            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 8.5f));
            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 8.5f));

            y[i].qs[j]  = xi0;
            y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
        }
    }
}

void quantize_row_q4_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q4_0_reference(x, y, k);
}


void quantize_row_q4_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_1 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    const int qk = QK4_1;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float min = FLT_MAX;
        float max = -FLT_MAX;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*qk + j];

            if (v < min) min = v;
            if (v > max) max = v;
        }

        const float d  = (max - min) / ((1 << 4) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0    + j] - min)*id;
            const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;

            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x0 + 0.5f));
            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(15, (int8_t)(x1 + 0.5f));

            y[i].qs[j]  = xi0;
            y[i].qs[j] |= xi1 << 4;
        }
    }
}

void quantize_row_q4_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q4_1_reference(x, y, k);
}

void quantize_row_q5_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q5_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK5_0;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max
        float max  = 0.0f;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*qk + j];
            if (amax < fabsf(v)) {
                amax = fabsf(v);
                max  = v;
            }
        }

        const float d  = max / -16;
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        uint32_t qh = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const float x0 = x[i*qk + 0    + j]*id;
            const float x1 = x[i*qk + qk/2 + j]*id;

            const uint8_t xi0 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x0 + 16.5f));
            const uint8_t xi1 = MIN(31, (int8_t)(x1 + 16.5f));

            y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);

            // get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
        }

        memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
    }
}

void quantize_row_q5_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q5_0_reference(x, y, k);
}

void quantize_row_q5_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q5_1 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    const int qk = QK5_1;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float min = FLT_MAX;
        float max = -FLT_MAX;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*qk + j];

            if (v < min) min = v;
            if (v > max) max = v;
        }

        const float d  = (max - min) / ((1 << 5) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        y[i].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(min);

        uint32_t qh = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const float x0 = (x[i*qk + 0    + j] - min)*id;
            const float x1 = (x[i*qk + qk/2 + j] - min)*id;

            const uint8_t xi0 = (uint8_t)(x0 + 0.5f);
            const uint8_t xi1 = (uint8_t)(x1 + 0.5f);

            y[i].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);

            // get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + qk/2);
        }

        memcpy(&y[i].qh, &qh, sizeof(y[i].qh));
    }
}

void quantize_row_q5_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q5_1_reference(x, y, k);
}

// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q8_0_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_0 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK8_0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max

        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*QK8_0 + j];
            amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
        }

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_0; ++j) {
            const float x0 = x[i*QK8_0 + j]*id;

            y[i].qs[j] = roundf(x0);
        }
    }
}

void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(QK8_0 == 32);
    assert(k % QK8_0 == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK8_0;

    block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float32x4_t srcv [8];
        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
        float32x4_t amaxv[8];

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j]  = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*j);
        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vabsq_f32(srcv[j]);

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);

        const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            const float32x4_t v  = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
            const int32x4_t   vi = vcvtnq_s32_f32(v);

            y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3);
        }
    }
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        v128_t srcv [8];
        v128_t asrcv[8];
        v128_t amaxv[8];

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j]  = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*j);
        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[j]);

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);

        const float amax = MAX(MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0),
                                   wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
                               MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2),
                                   wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            const v128_t v  = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
            const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(v);

            y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3);
        }
    }
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // Load elements into 4 AVX vectors
        __m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x );
        __m256 v1 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 8 );
        __m256 v2 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 16 );
        __m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
        x += 32;

        // Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
        const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
        __m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );

        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
        max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
        max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
        const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );

        // Quantize these floats
        const float d = maxScalar / 127.f;
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
        const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );

        // Apply the multiplier
        v0 = _mm256_mul_ps( v0, mul );
        v1 = _mm256_mul_ps( v1, mul );
        v2 = _mm256_mul_ps( v2, mul );
        v3 = _mm256_mul_ps( v3, mul );

        // Round to nearest integer
        v0 = _mm256_round_ps( v0, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v1 = _mm256_round_ps( v1, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v2 = _mm256_round_ps( v2, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v3 = _mm256_round_ps( v3, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );

        // Convert floats to integers
        __m256i i0 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v0 );
        __m256i i1 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v1 );
        __m256i i2 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v2 );
        __m256i i3 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v3 );

#if defined(__AVX2__)
        // Convert int32 to int16
        i0 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i0, i1 );	// 0, 1, 2, 3,  8, 9, 10, 11,  4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15
        i2 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i2, i3 );	// 16, 17, 18, 19,  24, 25, 26, 27,  20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
                                            // Convert int16 to int8
        i0 = _mm256_packs_epi16( i0, i2 );	// 0, 1, 2, 3,  8, 9, 10, 11,  16, 17, 18, 19,  24, 25, 26, 27,  4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31

        // We got our precious signed bytes, but the order is now wrong
        // These AVX2 pack instructions process 16-byte pieces independently
        // The following instruction is fixing the order
        const __m256i perm = _mm256_setr_epi32( 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 );
        i0 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32( i0, perm );

        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)y[i].qs, i0);
#else
        // Since we don't have in AVX some necessary functions,
        // we split the registers in half and call AVX2 analogs from SSE
        __m128i ni0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i0 );
        __m128i ni1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i0, 1);
        __m128i ni2 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i1 );
        __m128i ni3 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i1, 1);
        __m128i ni4 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i2 );
        __m128i ni5 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i2, 1);
        __m128i ni6 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i3 );
        __m128i ni7 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i3, 1);

        // Convert int32 to int16
        ni0 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni0, ni1 );
        ni2 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni2, ni3 );
        ni4 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni4, ni5 );
        ni6 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni6, ni7 );
        // Convert int16 to int8
        ni0 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni0, ni2 );
        ni4 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni4, ni6 );

        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs +  0), ni0);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs + 16), ni4);
#endif
    }
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(QK8_0);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // load elements
        vfloat32m4_t v_x   = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(x+i*QK8_0, vl);

        vfloat32m4_t vfabs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m4(v_x, vl);
        vfloat32m1_t tmp   = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, vl);
        vfloat32m1_t vmax  = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m4_f32m1(vfabs, tmp, vl);
        float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vmax);

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        vfloat32m4_t x0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(v_x, id, vl);

        // convert to integer
        vint16m2_t   vi = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m2(x0, vl);
        vint8m1_t    vs = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m1(vi, vl);

        // store result
        __riscv_vse8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs , vs, vl);
    }
#else
    GGML_UNUSED(nb);
    // scalar
    quantize_row_q8_0_reference(x, y, k);
#endif
}

// reference implementation for deterministic creation of model files
void quantize_row_q8_1_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_1 * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(QK8_1 == 32);
    assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK8_1;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float amax = 0.0f; // absolute max

        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1; j++) {
            const float v = x[i*QK8_1 + j];
            amax = MAX(amax, fabsf(v));
        }

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        int sum = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK8_1/2; ++j) {
            const float v0 = x[i*QK8_1           + j]*id;
            const float v1 = x[i*QK8_1 + QK8_1/2 + j]*id;

            y[i].qs[          j] = roundf(v0);
            y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + j] = roundf(v1);

            sum += y[i].qs[          j];
            sum += y[i].qs[QK8_1/2 + j];
        }

        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sum*d);
    }
}

void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK8_1 == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK8_1;

    block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float32x4_t srcv [8];
        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
        float32x4_t amaxv[8];

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j]  = vld1q_f32(x + i*32 + 4*j);
        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vabsq_f32(srcv[j]);

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = vmaxq_f32(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = vmaxq_f32(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);

        const float amax = vmaxvq_f32(amaxv[0]);

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        int32x4_t accv = vdupq_n_s32(0);

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            const float32x4_t v  = vmulq_n_f32(srcv[j], id);
            const int32x4_t   vi = vcvtnq_s32_f32(v);

            y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 0);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 1);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 2);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = vgetq_lane_s32(vi, 3);

            accv = vaddq_s32(accv, vi);
        }

        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * vaddvq_s32(accv));
    }
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        v128_t srcv [8];
        v128_t asrcv[8];
        v128_t amaxv[8];

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j]  = wasm_v128_load(x + i*32 + 4*j);
        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = wasm_f32x4_abs(srcv[j]);

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) amaxv[2*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(asrcv[2*j], asrcv[2*j+1]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) amaxv[4*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[4*j], amaxv[4*j+2]);
        for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) amaxv[8*j] = wasm_f32x4_max(amaxv[8*j], amaxv[8*j+4]);

        const float amax = MAX(MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 0),
                                   wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 1)),
                               MAX(wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 2),
                                   wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(amaxv[0], 3)));

        const float d = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        v128_t accv = wasm_i32x4_splat(0);

        for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
            const v128_t v  = wasm_f32x4_mul(srcv[j], wasm_f32x4_splat(id));
            const v128_t vi = wasm_i32x4_trunc_sat_f32x4(v);

            y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 0);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 1);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 2] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 2);
            y[i].qs[4*j + 3] = wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(vi, 3);

            accv = wasm_i32x4_add(accv, vi);
        }

        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(
                d * (wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 0) +
                     wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 1) +
                     wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 2) +
                     wasm_i32x4_extract_lane(accv, 3)));
    }
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // Load elements into 4 AVX vectors
        __m256 v0 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x );
        __m256 v1 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 8 );
        __m256 v2 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 16 );
        __m256 v3 = _mm256_loadu_ps( x + 24 );
        x += 32;

        // Compute max(abs(e)) for the block
        const __m256 signBit = _mm256_set1_ps( -0.0f );
        __m256 maxAbs = _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v0 );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v1 ) );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v2 ) );
        maxAbs = _mm256_max_ps( maxAbs, _mm256_andnot_ps( signBit, v3 ) );

        __m128 max4 = _mm_max_ps( _mm256_extractf128_ps( maxAbs, 1 ), _mm256_castps256_ps128( maxAbs ) );
        max4 = _mm_max_ps( max4, _mm_movehl_ps( max4, max4 ) );
        max4 = _mm_max_ss( max4, _mm_movehdup_ps( max4 ) );
        const float maxScalar = _mm_cvtss_f32( max4 );

        // Quantize these floats
        const float d = maxScalar / 127.f;
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        const float id = ( maxScalar != 0.0f ) ? 127.f / maxScalar : 0.0f;
        const __m256 mul = _mm256_set1_ps( id );

        // Apply the multiplier
        v0 = _mm256_mul_ps( v0, mul );
        v1 = _mm256_mul_ps( v1, mul );
        v2 = _mm256_mul_ps( v2, mul );
        v3 = _mm256_mul_ps( v3, mul );

        // Round to nearest integer
        v0 = _mm256_round_ps( v0, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v1 = _mm256_round_ps( v1, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v2 = _mm256_round_ps( v2, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );
        v3 = _mm256_round_ps( v3, _MM_ROUND_NEAREST );

        // Convert floats to integers
        __m256i i0 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v0 );
        __m256i i1 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v1 );
        __m256i i2 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v2 );
        __m256i i3 = _mm256_cvtps_epi32( v3 );

#if defined(__AVX2__)
        // Compute the sum of the quants and set y[i].s
        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_8(_mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(i0, i1), _mm256_add_epi32(i2, i3))));

        // Convert int32 to int16
        i0 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i0, i1 );	// 0, 1, 2, 3,  8, 9, 10, 11,  4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15
        i2 = _mm256_packs_epi32( i2, i3 );	// 16, 17, 18, 19,  24, 25, 26, 27,  20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31
                                            // Convert int16 to int8
        i0 = _mm256_packs_epi16( i0, i2 );	// 0, 1, 2, 3,  8, 9, 10, 11,  16, 17, 18, 19,  24, 25, 26, 27,  4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30, 31

        // We got our precious signed bytes, but the order is now wrong
        // These AVX2 pack instructions process 16-byte pieces independently
        // The following instruction is fixing the order
        const __m256i perm = _mm256_setr_epi32( 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7 );
        i0 = _mm256_permutevar8x32_epi32( i0, perm );

        _mm256_storeu_si256((__m256i *)y[i].qs, i0);
#else
        // Since we don't have in AVX some necessary functions,
        // we split the registers in half and call AVX2 analogs from SSE
        __m128i ni0 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i0 );
        __m128i ni1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i0, 1);
        __m128i ni2 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i1 );
        __m128i ni3 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i1, 1);
        __m128i ni4 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i2 );
        __m128i ni5 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i2, 1);
        __m128i ni6 = _mm256_castsi256_si128( i3 );
        __m128i ni7 = _mm256_extractf128_si256( i3, 1);

        // Compute the sum of the quants and set y[i].s
        const __m128i s0 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(ni0, ni1), _mm_add_epi32(ni2, ni3));
        const __m128i s1 = _mm_add_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(ni4, ni5), _mm_add_epi32(ni6, ni7));
        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * hsum_i32_4(_mm_add_epi32(s0, s1)));

        // Convert int32 to int16
        ni0 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni0, ni1 );
        ni2 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni2, ni3 );
        ni4 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni4, ni5 );
        ni6 = _mm_packs_epi32( ni6, ni7 );
        // Convert int16 to int8
        ni0 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni0, ni2 );
        ni4 = _mm_packs_epi16( ni4, ni6 );

        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs +  0), ni0);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i *)(y[i].qs + 16), ni4);
#endif
    }
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m4(QK8_1);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // load elements
        vfloat32m4_t v_x   = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m4(x+i*QK8_1, vl);

        vfloat32m4_t vfabs = __riscv_vfabs_v_f32m4(v_x, vl);
        vfloat32m1_t tmp   = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0, vl);
        vfloat32m1_t vmax  = __riscv_vfredmax_vs_f32m4_f32m1(vfabs, tmp, vl);
        float amax = __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vmax);

        const float d  = amax / ((1 << 7) - 1);
        const float id = d ? 1.0f/d : 0.0f;

        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        vfloat32m4_t x0 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(v_x, id, vl);

        // convert to integer
        vint16m2_t   vi = __riscv_vfncvt_x_f_w_i16m2(x0, vl);
        vint8m1_t    vs = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_i8m1(vi, vl);

        // store result
        __riscv_vse8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs , vs, vl);

        // compute sum for y[i].s
        vint16m1_t tmp2 = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, vl);
        vint16m1_t vwrs = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i8m1_i16m1(vs, tmp2, vl);

        // set y[i].s
        int sum = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vwrs);
        y[i].s = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sum*d);
    }
#else
    GGML_UNUSED(nb);
    // scalar
    quantize_row_q8_1_reference(x, y, k);
#endif
}

void dequantize_row_q4_0(const block_q4_0 * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK4_0;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const int x0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) - 8;
            const int x1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>   4) - 8;

            y[i*qk + j + 0   ] = x0*d;
            y[i*qk + j + qk/2] = x1*d;
        }
    }
}

void dequantize_row_q4_1(const block_q4_1 * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK4_1;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m);

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const int x0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F);
            const int x1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>   4);

            y[i*qk + j + 0   ] = x0*d + m;
            y[i*qk + j + qk/2] = x1*d + m;
        }
    }
}

void dequantize_row_q5_0(const block_q5_0 * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK5_0;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        uint32_t qh;
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(qh));

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;

            const int32_t x0 = ((x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16;
            const int32_t x1 = ((x[i].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16;

            y[i*qk + j + 0   ] = x0*d;
            y[i*qk + j + qk/2] = x1*d;
        }
    }
}

void dequantize_row_q5_1(const block_q5_1 * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK5_1;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m);

        uint32_t qh;
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(qh));

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;

            const int x0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0;
            const int x1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1;

            y[i*qk + j + 0   ] = x0*d + m;
            y[i*qk + j + qk/2] = x1*d + m;
        }
    }
}

void dequantize_row_q8_0(const block_q8_0 * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    static const int qk = QK8_0;

    assert(k % qk == 0);

    const int nb = k / qk;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; ++j) {
            y[i*qk + j] = x[i].qs[j]*d;
        }
    }
}

//
// 2-6 bit quantization in super-blocks
//

//
// ===================== Helper functions
//
static inline int nearest_int(float fval) {
    assert(fval <= 4194303.f);
    float val = fval + 12582912.f;
    int i; memcpy(&i, &val, sizeof(int));
    return (i & 0x007fffff) - 0x00400000;
}

static float make_qx_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, int8_t * restrict L, int rmse_type,
        const float * restrict qw) {
    float max = 0;
    float amax = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        float ax = fabsf(x[i]);
        if (ax > amax) { amax = ax; max = x[i]; }
    }
    if (amax < 1e-30f) { // all zero
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            L[i] = 0;
        }
        return 0.f;
    }
    float iscale = -nmax / max;
    if (rmse_type == 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
            L[i] = nmax + MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
        }
        return 1/iscale;
    }
    bool return_early = false;
    if (rmse_type < 0) {
        rmse_type = -rmse_type;
        return_early = true;
    }
    float sumlx = 0;
    float suml2 = 0;
#ifdef HAVE_BUGGY_APPLE_LINKER
    // use 'volatile' to prevent unroll and work around a bug in Apple ld64 1015.7
    for (volatile int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
#else
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
#endif
        int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
        l = MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
        L[i] = l + nmax;
        float w = qw ? qw[i] : rmse_type == 1 ? x[i] * x[i] : rmse_type == 2 ? 1 : rmse_type == 3 ? fabsf(x[i]) : sqrtf(fabsf(x[i]));
        sumlx += w*x[i]*l;
        suml2 += w*l*l;
    }
    float scale = sumlx/suml2;
    if (return_early) return suml2 > 0 ? 0.5f*(scale + 1/iscale) : 1/iscale;
    float best = scale * sumlx;
    for (int is = -9; is <= 9; ++is) {
        if (is == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        iscale = -(nmax + 0.1f*is) / max;
        sumlx = suml2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
            l = MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
            float w = qw ? qw[i] : rmse_type == 1 ? x[i] * x[i] : rmse_type == 2 ? 1 : rmse_type == 3 ? fabsf(x[i]) : sqrtf(fabsf(x[i]));
            sumlx += w*x[i]*l;
            suml2 += w*l*l;
        }
        if (suml2 > 0 && sumlx*sumlx > best*suml2) {
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
                L[i] = nmax + MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
            }
            scale = sumlx/suml2; best = scale*sumlx;
        }
    }
    return scale;
}

static float make_q3_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, int8_t * restrict L, bool do_rmse) {
    float max = 0;
    float amax = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        float ax = fabsf(x[i]);
        if (ax > amax) { amax = ax; max = x[i]; }
    }
    if (!amax) { // all zero
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { L[i] = 0; }
        return 0.f;
    }
    float iscale = -nmax / max;
    if (do_rmse) {
        float sumlx = 0;
        float suml2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
            l = MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
            L[i] = l;
            float w = x[i]*x[i];
            sumlx += w*x[i]*l;
            suml2 += w*l*l;
        }
        for (int itry = 0; itry < 5; ++itry) {
            int n_changed = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                float w = x[i]*x[i];
                float slx = sumlx - w*x[i]*L[i];
                if (slx > 0) {
                    float sl2 = suml2 - w*L[i]*L[i];
                    int new_l = nearest_int(x[i] * sl2 / slx);
                    new_l = MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, new_l));
                    if (new_l != L[i]) {
                        slx += w*x[i]*new_l;
                        sl2 += w*new_l*new_l;
                        if (sl2 > 0 && slx*slx*suml2 > sumlx*sumlx*sl2) {
                            L[i] = new_l; sumlx = slx; suml2 = sl2;
                            ++n_changed;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!n_changed) {
                break;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            L[i] += nmax;
        }
        return sumlx / suml2;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
        l = MAX(-nmax, MIN(nmax-1, l));
        L[i] = l + nmax;
    }
    return 1/iscale;
}

static float make_qkx1_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict L, float * restrict the_min,
        int ntry, float alpha) {
    float min = x[0];
    float max = x[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
        if (x[i] < min) min = x[i];
        if (x[i] > max) max = x[i];
    }
    if (max == min) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) L[i] = 0;
        *the_min = 0;
        return 0.f;
    }
    if (min > 0) min = 0;
    float iscale = nmax/(max - min);
    float scale = 1/iscale;
    for (int itry = 0; itry < ntry; ++itry) {
        float sumlx = 0; int suml2 = 0;
        bool did_change = false;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
            if (l != L[i]) {
                L[i] = l;
                did_change = true;
            }
            sumlx += (x[i] - min)*l;
            suml2 += l*l;
        }
        scale = sumlx/suml2;
        float sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            sum += x[i] - scale*L[i];
        }
        min = alpha*min + (1 - alpha)*sum/n;
        if (min > 0) min = 0;
        iscale = 1/scale;
        if (!did_change) break;
    }
    *the_min = -min;
    return scale;
}

static float make_qkx2_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, const float * restrict weights,
        uint8_t * restrict L, float * restrict the_min, uint8_t * restrict Laux,
        float rmin, float rdelta, int nstep, bool use_mad) {
    float min = x[0];
    float max = x[0];
    float sum_w = weights[0];
    float sum_x = sum_w * x[0];
#ifdef HAVE_BUGGY_APPLE_LINKER
    // use 'volatile' to prevent unroll and work around a bug in Apple ld64 1015.7
    for (volatile int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
#else
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
#endif
        if (x[i] < min) min = x[i];
        if (x[i] > max) max = x[i];
        float w = weights[i];
        sum_w += w;
        sum_x += w * x[i];
    }
    if (min > 0) min = 0;
    if (max == min) {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) L[i] = 0;
        *the_min = -min;
        return 0.f;
    }
    float iscale = nmax/(max - min);
    float scale = 1/iscale;
    float best_mad = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
        L[i] = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
        float diff = scale * L[i] + min - x[i];
        diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff * diff;
        float w = weights[i];
        best_mad += w * diff;
    }
    if (nstep < 1) {
        *the_min = -min;
        return scale;
    }
    for (int is = 0; is <= nstep; ++is) {
        iscale = (rmin + rdelta*is + nmax)/(max - min);
        float sum_l = 0, sum_l2 = 0, sum_xl = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
            Laux[i] = l;
            float w = weights[i];
            sum_l += w*l;
            sum_l2 += w*l*l;
            sum_xl += w*l*x[i];
        }
        float D = sum_w * sum_l2 - sum_l * sum_l;
        if (D > 0) {
            float this_scale = (sum_w * sum_xl - sum_x * sum_l)/D;
            float this_min   = (sum_l2 * sum_x - sum_l * sum_xl)/D;
            if (this_min > 0) {
                this_min = 0;
                this_scale = sum_xl / sum_l2;
            }
            float mad = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                float diff = this_scale * Laux[i] + this_min - x[i];
                diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff * diff;
                float w = weights[i];
                mad += w * diff;
            }
            if (mad < best_mad) {
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    L[i] = Laux[i];
                }
                best_mad = mad;
                scale = this_scale;
                min = this_min;
            }
        }
    }
    *the_min = -min;
    return scale;
}

#if QK_K == 256
static inline void get_scale_min_k4(int j, const uint8_t * restrict q, uint8_t * restrict d, uint8_t * restrict m) {
    if (j < 4) {
        *d = q[j] & 63; *m = q[j + 4] & 63;
    } else {
        *d = (q[j+4] & 0xF) | ((q[j-4] >> 6) << 4);
        *m = (q[j+4] >>  4) | ((q[j-0] >> 6) << 4);
    }
}
#endif

//========================- 2-bit (de)-quantization

void quantize_row_q2_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q2_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    uint8_t Laux[16];
    float   weights[16];
    float mins[QK_K/16];
    float scales[QK_K/16];

    const float q4scale = 15.f;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        float max_scale = 0; // as we are deducting the min, scales are always positive
        float max_min = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) weights[l] = fabsf(x[16*j + l]);
            scales[j] = make_qkx2_quants(16, 3, x + 16*j, weights, L + 16*j, &mins[j], Laux, -0.5f, 0.1f, 15, true);
            float scale = scales[j];
            if (scale > max_scale) {
                max_scale = scale;
            }
            float min = mins[j];
            if (min > max_min) {
                max_min = min;
            }
        }

        if (max_scale > 0) {
            float iscale = q4scale/max_scale;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                int l = nearest_int(iscale*scales[j]);
                y[i].scales[j] = l;
            }
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_scale/q4scale);
        } else {
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) y[i].scales[j] = 0;
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        }
        if (max_min > 0) {
            float iscale = q4scale/max_min;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                int l = nearest_int(iscale*mins[j]);
                y[i].scales[j] |= (l << 4);
            }
            y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_min/q4scale);
        } else {
            y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * (y[i].scales[j] & 0xF);
            if (!d) continue;
            const float dm = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin) * (y[i].scales[j] >> 4);
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[16*j + ii] + dm)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(3, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l;
            }
        }

#if QK_K == 256
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                y[i].qs[j/4 + l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 2) | (L[j + l + 64] << 4) | (L[j + l + 96] << 6);
            }
        }
#else
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            y[i].qs[l] = L[l] | (L[l + 16] << 2) | (L[l + 32] << 4) | (L[l + 48] << 6);
        }
#endif

        x += QK_K;

    }
}

void dequantize_row_q2_K(const block_q2_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float min = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * q = x[i].qs;

#if QK_K == 256
        int is = 0;
        float dl, ml;
        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 128) {
            int shift = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {

                uint8_t sc = x[i].scales[is++];
                dl = d * (sc & 0xF); ml = min * (sc >> 4);
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) *y++ = dl * ((int8_t)((q[l] >> shift) & 3)) - ml;

                sc = x[i].scales[is++];
                dl = d * (sc & 0xF); ml = min * (sc >> 4);
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) *y++ = dl * ((int8_t)((q[l+16] >> shift) & 3)) - ml;

                shift += 2;
            }
            q += 32;
        }
#else
        float dl1 = d * (x[i].scales[0] & 0xF), ml1 = min * (x[i].scales[0] >> 4);
        float dl2 = d * (x[i].scales[1] & 0xF), ml2 = min * (x[i].scales[1] >> 4);
        float dl3 = d * (x[i].scales[2] & 0xF), ml3 = min * (x[i].scales[2] >> 4);
        float dl4 = d * (x[i].scales[3] & 0xF), ml4 = min * (x[i].scales[3] >> 4);
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            y[l+ 0] = dl1 * ((int8_t)((q[l] >> 0) & 3)) - ml1;
            y[l+16] = dl2 * ((int8_t)((q[l] >> 2) & 3)) - ml2;
            y[l+32] = dl3 * ((int8_t)((q[l] >> 4) & 3)) - ml3;
            y[l+48] = dl4 * ((int8_t)((q[l] >> 6) & 3)) - ml4;
        }
        y += QK_K;
#endif
    }
}

void quantize_row_q2_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q2_K_reference(x, vy, k);
}

static float make_qkx3_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, const float * restrict weights,
        uint8_t * restrict L, float * restrict the_min, uint8_t * restrict Laux,
        float rmin, float rdelta, int nstep, bool use_mad) {
    float min = x[0];
    float max = x[0];
    float sum_w = weights ? weights[0] : x[0]*x[0];
    float sum_x = sum_w * x[0];
#ifdef HAVE_BUGGY_APPLE_LINKER
    // use 'volatile' to prevent unroll and work around a bug in Apple ld64 1015.7
    for (volatile int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
#else
    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) {
#endif
        if (x[i] < min) min = x[i];
        if (x[i] > max) max = x[i];
        float w = weights ? weights[i] : x[i]*x[i];
        sum_w += w;
        sum_x += w * x[i];
    }
    if (min > 0) {
        min = 0;
    }
    if (max <= min) {
        memset(L, 0, n);
        *the_min = -min;
        return 0.f;
    }
    float iscale = nmax/(max - min);
    float scale = 1/iscale;
    float best_mad = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
        L[i] = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
        float diff = scale * L[i] + min - x[i];
        diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff*diff;
        float w = weights ? weights[i] : x[i]*x[i];
        best_mad += w * diff;
    }
    if (nstep < 1) {
        *the_min = -min;
        return scale;
    }
    for (int is = 0; is <= nstep; ++is) {
        iscale = (rmin + rdelta*is + nmax)/(max - min);
        float sum_l = 0, sum_l2 = 0, sum_xl = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale*(x[i] - min));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(nmax, l));
            Laux[i] = l;
            float w = weights ? weights[i] : x[i]*x[i];
            sum_l  += w*l;
            sum_l2 += w*l*l;
            sum_xl += w*l*x[i];
        }
        float D = sum_w * sum_l2 - sum_l * sum_l;
        if (D > 0) {
            float this_scale = (sum_w * sum_xl - sum_x * sum_l)/D;
            float this_min   = (sum_l2 * sum_x - sum_l * sum_xl)/D;
            if (this_min > 0) {
                this_min = 0;
                this_scale = sum_xl / sum_l2;
            }
            float mad = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                float diff = this_scale * Laux[i] + this_min - x[i];
                diff = use_mad ? fabsf(diff) : diff*diff;
                float w = weights ? weights[i] : x[i]*x[i];
                mad += w * diff;
            }
            if (mad < best_mad) {
                for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
                    L[i] = Laux[i];
                }
                best_mad = mad;
                scale = this_scale;
                min = this_min;
            }
        }
    }
    *the_min = -min;
    return scale;
}

static float make_qp_quants(int n, int nmax, const float * restrict x, uint8_t * restrict L, const float * quant_weights) {
    float max = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        max = MAX(max, x[i]);
    }
    if (!max) { // all zero
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { L[i] = 0; }
        return 0.f;
    }
    float iscale = nmax / max;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        L[i] = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
    }
    float scale = 1/iscale;
    float best_mse = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        float diff = x[i] - scale*L[i];
        float w = quant_weights[i];
        best_mse += w*diff*diff;
    }
    for (int is = -4; is <= 4; ++is) {
        if (is == 0) continue;
        float iscale_is = (0.1f*is + nmax)/max;
        float scale_is = 1/iscale_is;
        float mse = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale_is*x[i]);
            l = MIN(nmax, l);
            float diff = x[i] - scale_is*l;
            float w = quant_weights[i];
            mse += w*diff*diff;
        }
        if (mse < best_mse) {
            best_mse = mse;
            iscale = iscale_is;
        }
    }
    float sumlx = 0;
    float suml2 = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        int l = nearest_int(iscale * x[i]);
        l = MIN(nmax, l);
        L[i] = l;
        float w = quant_weights[i];
        sumlx += w*x[i]*l;
        suml2 += w*l*l;
    }
    for (int itry = 0; itry < 5; ++itry) {
        int n_changed = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            float w = quant_weights[i];
            float slx = sumlx - w*x[i]*L[i];
            float sl2 = suml2 - w*L[i]*L[i];
            if (slx > 0 && sl2 > 0) {
                int new_l = nearest_int(x[i] * sl2 / slx);
                new_l = MIN(nmax, new_l);
                if (new_l != L[i]) {
                    slx += w*x[i]*new_l;
                    sl2 += w*new_l*new_l;
                    if (slx*slx*suml2 > sumlx*sumlx*sl2) {
                        L[i] = new_l; sumlx = slx; suml2 = sl2;
                        ++n_changed;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (!n_changed) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return sumlx / suml2;
}

static void quantize_row_q2_K_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q2_K * restrict y, int k, const float * restrict quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights);
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;
    const bool requantize = true;

    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    uint8_t Laux[16];
    float mins[QK_K/16];
    float scales[QK_K/16];
    float sw[QK_K/16];
    float weight[16];
    uint8_t Ls[QK_K/16], Lm[QK_K/16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        memset(sw, 0, QK_K/16*sizeof(float));
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) sumx2 += x[j]*x[j];
        float sigma2 = sumx2/QK_K;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            const float * restrict qw = quant_weights + QK_K * i + 16*j;
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) weight[l] = qw[l] * sqrtf(sigma2 + x[16*j + l]*x[16*j + l]);
            for (int l = 0; l < QK_K/16; ++l) sw[j] += weight[l];
            scales[j] = make_qkx3_quants(16, 3, x + 16*j, weight, L + 16*j, &mins[j], Laux, -0.9f, 0.05f, 36, false);
        }

        float dm, mm;
#if QK_K == 64
        float max_scale = 0, max_min = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scales[j]);
            max_min   = MAX(max_min,   mins[j]);
        }
        dm = max_scale/15;
        mm = max_min/15;
        if (max_scale) {
            float id = 1/dm;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                int l = nearest_int(id*scales[j]);
                Ls[j] = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            }
        } else {
            memset(Ls, 0, QK_K/16);
        }
        if (max_min) {
            float id = 1/mm;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                int l = nearest_int(id*mins[j]);
                Lm[j] = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            }
        } else {
            memset(Lm, 0, QK_K/16);
        }
#else
        dm  = make_qp_quants(QK_K/16, 15, scales, Ls, sw);
        mm  = make_qp_quants(QK_K/16, 15, mins,   Lm, sw);
#endif
        y[i].d    = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(dm);
        y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(mm);
        dm        = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d);
        mm        = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            y[i].scales[j] = Ls[j] | (Lm[j] << 4);
        }

        if (requantize) {
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                const float d = dm * (y[i].scales[j] & 0xF);
                if (!d) continue;
                const float m = mm * (y[i].scales[j] >> 4);
                for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                    int l = nearest_int((x[16*j + ii] + m)/d);
                    l = MAX(0, MIN(3, l));
                    L[16*j + ii] = l;
                }
            }
        }

#if QK_K == 256
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                y[i].qs[j/4 + l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 2) | (L[j + l + 64] << 4) | (L[j + l + 96] << 6);
            }
        }
#else
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            y[i].qs[l] = L[l] | (L[l + 16] << 2) | (L[l + 32] << 4) | (L[l + 48] << 6);
        }
#endif

        x += QK_K;

    }
}

size_t quantize_q2_K(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q2_K, n_per_row);
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q2_K_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    }
    else {
        char * qrow = (char *)dst;
        for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
            quantize_row_q2_K_impl(src, (block_q2_K*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
            src += n_per_row;
            qrow += row_size;
        }
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

//========================= 3-bit (de)-quantization

void quantize_row_q3_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q3_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    int8_t L[QK_K];
    float scales[QK_K / 16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float max_scale = 0;
        float amax = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            scales[j] = make_q3_quants(16, 4, x + 16*j, L + 16*j, true);
            float scale = fabsf(scales[j]);
            if (scale > amax) {
                amax = scale; max_scale = scales[j];
            }
        }

#if QK_K == 256
        memset(y[i].scales, 0, 12);
        if (max_scale) {
            float iscale = -32.f/max_scale;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
                int8_t l = nearest_int(iscale*scales[j]);
                l = MAX(-32, MIN(31, l)) + 32;
                if (j < 8) {
                    y[i].scales[j] = l & 0xF;
                } else {
                    y[i].scales[j-8] |= ((l & 0xF) << 4);
                }
                l >>= 4;
                y[i].scales[j%4 + 8] |= (l << (2*(j/4)));
            }
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1/iscale);
        } else {
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        }

        int8_t sc;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            sc = j < 8 ? y[i].scales[j] & 0xF : y[i].scales[j-8] >> 4;
            sc = (sc | (((y[i].scales[8 + j%4] >> (2*(j/4))) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-4, MIN(3, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 4;
            }
        }
#else
        if (max_scale) {
            float iscale = -8.f/max_scale;
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; j+=2) {
                int l1 = nearest_int(iscale*scales[j]);
                l1 = 8 + MAX(-8, MIN(7, l1));
                int l2 = nearest_int(iscale*scales[j+1]);
                l2 = 8 + MAX(-8, MIN(7, l2));
                y[i].scales[j/2] = l1 | (l2 << 4);
            }
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1/iscale);
        } else {
            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; j+=2) {
                y[i].scales[j/2] = 0;
            }
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int s = j%2 == 0 ? y[i].scales[j/2] & 0xF : y[i].scales[j/2] >> 4;
            float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * (s - 8);
            if (!d) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-4, MIN(3, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 4;
            }
        }
#endif

        memset(y[i].hmask, 0, QK_K/8);
        // We put the high-bit for the 1st 8 quants into bit 0, the next 8 into bit 1, etc.
        int m = 0;
        uint8_t hm = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) {
            if (L[j] > 3) {
                y[i].hmask[m] |= hm;
                L[j] -= 4;
            }
            if (++m == QK_K/8) {
                m = 0; hm <<= 1;
            }
        }
#if QK_K == 256
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                y[i].qs[j/4 + l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 2) | (L[j + l + 64] << 4) | (L[j + l + 96] << 6);
            }
        }
#else
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            y[i].qs[l] = L[l] | (L[l + 16] << 2) | (L[l + 32] << 4) | (L[l + 48] << 6);
        }
#endif

        x += QK_K;
    }
}

#if QK_K == 256
void dequantize_row_q3_K(const block_q3_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x03030303;
    const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;

    uint32_t aux[4];
    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)aux;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].hmask;
        uint8_t m = 1;

        memcpy(aux, x[i].scales, 12);
        uint32_t tmp = aux[2];
        aux[2] = ((aux[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
        aux[3] = ((aux[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
        aux[0] = (aux[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
        aux[1] = (aux[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);

        int is = 0;
        float dl;
        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 128) {
            int shift = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {

                dl = d_all * (scales[is++] - 32);
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
                    *y++ = dl * ((int8_t)((q[l+ 0] >> shift) & 3) - ((hm[l+ 0] & m) ? 0 : 4));
                }

                dl = d_all * (scales[is++] - 32);
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
                    *y++ = dl * ((int8_t)((q[l+16] >> shift) & 3) - ((hm[l+16] & m) ? 0 : 4));
                }

                shift += 2;
                m <<= 1;
            }
            q += 32;
        }

    }
}
#else
void dequantize_row_q3_K(const block_q3_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    assert(QK_K == 64);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].hmask;

        const float d1 = d_all * ((x[i].scales[0] & 0xF) - 8);
        const float d2 = d_all * ((x[i].scales[0] >>  4) - 8);
        const float d3 = d_all * ((x[i].scales[1] & 0xF) - 8);
        const float d4 = d_all * ((x[i].scales[1] >>  4) - 8);

        for (int l=0; l<8; ++l) {
            uint8_t h = hm[l];
            y[l+ 0] = d1 * ((int8_t)((q[l+0] >> 0) & 3) - ((h & 0x01) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+ 8] = d1 * ((int8_t)((q[l+8] >> 0) & 3) - ((h & 0x02) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+16] = d2 * ((int8_t)((q[l+0] >> 2) & 3) - ((h & 0x04) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+24] = d2 * ((int8_t)((q[l+8] >> 2) & 3) - ((h & 0x08) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+32] = d3 * ((int8_t)((q[l+0] >> 4) & 3) - ((h & 0x10) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+40] = d3 * ((int8_t)((q[l+8] >> 4) & 3) - ((h & 0x20) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+48] = d4 * ((int8_t)((q[l+0] >> 6) & 3) - ((h & 0x40) ? 0 : 4));
            y[l+56] = d4 * ((int8_t)((q[l+8] >> 6) & 3) - ((h & 0x80) ? 0 : 4));
        }
        y += QK_K;
    }
}
#endif

void quantize_row_q3_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q3_K_reference(x, vy, k);
}

static void quantize_row_q3_K_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q3_K * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * restrict quant_weights) {
#if QK_K != 256
    (void)quant_weights;
    quantize_row_q3_K_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
#else
    assert(n_per_row % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = n_per_row / QK_K;

    int8_t L[QK_K];
    float scales[QK_K / 16];
    float weight[16];
    float sw[QK_K / 16];
    int8_t Ls[QK_K / 16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) sumx2 += x[j]*x[j];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights ? quant_weights + QK_K * i + 16*j : NULL;
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) weight[l] = qw[l] * sqrtf(sigma2 + x[16*j+l]*x[16*j+l]);
            } else {
                for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) weight[l] = x[16*j+l]*x[16*j+l];
            }
            float sumw = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) sumw += weight[l];
            sw[j] = sumw;

            scales[j] = make_qx_quants(16, 4, x + 16*j, L + 16*j, 1, weight);

        }

        memset(y[i].scales, 0, 12);

        float d_block = make_qx_quants(QK_K/16, 32, scales, Ls, 1, sw);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int l = Ls[j];
            if (j < 8) {
                y[i].scales[j] = l & 0xF;
            } else {
                y[i].scales[j-8] |= ((l & 0xF) << 4);
            }
            l >>= 4;
            y[i].scales[j%4 + 8] |= (l << (2*(j/4)));
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d_block);

        int8_t sc;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            sc = j < 8 ? y[i].scales[j] & 0xF : y[i].scales[j-8] >> 4;
            sc = (sc | (((y[i].scales[8 + j%4] >> (2*(j/4))) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-4, MIN(3, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 4;
            }
        }

        memset(y[i].hmask, 0, QK_K/8);
        // We put the high-bit for the 1st 8 quants into bit 0, the next 8 into bit 1, etc.
        int m = 0;
        uint8_t hm = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) {
            if (L[j] > 3) {
                y[i].hmask[m] |= hm;
                L[j] -= 4;
            }
            if (++m == QK_K/8) {
                m = 0; hm <<= 1;
            }
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                y[i].qs[j/4 + l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 2) | (L[j + l + 64] << 4) | (L[j + l + 96] << 6);
            }
        }

        x += QK_K;
    }
#endif
}

size_t quantize_q3_K(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q3_K, n_per_row);
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q3_K_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    }
    else {
        char * qrow = (char *)dst;
        for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
            quantize_row_q3_K_impl(src, (block_q3_K*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
            src += n_per_row;
            qrow += row_size;
        }
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

// ====================== 4-bit (de)-quantization

void quantize_row_q4_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q4_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    uint8_t Laux[32];
    float   weights[32];
    float mins[QK_K/32];
    float scales[QK_K/32];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float max_scale = 0; // as we are deducting the min, scales are always positive
        float max_min = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            //scales[j] = make_qkx1_quants(32, 15, x + 32*j, L + 32*j, &mins[j], 9, 0.5f);
            float sum_x2 = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) sum_x2 += x[32*j + l] * x[32*j + l];
            float av_x = sqrtf(sum_x2/32);
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = av_x + fabsf(x[32*j + l]);
            scales[j] = make_qkx2_quants(32, 15, x + 32*j, weights, L + 32*j, &mins[j], Laux, -1.f, 0.1f, 20, false);
            float scale = scales[j];
            if (scale > max_scale) {
                max_scale = scale;
            }
            float min = mins[j];
            if (min > max_min) {
                max_min = min;
            }
        }

#if QK_K == 256
        float inv_scale = max_scale > 0 ? 63.f/max_scale : 0.f;
        float inv_min   = max_min   > 0 ? 63.f/max_min   : 0.f;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            uint8_t ls = nearest_int(inv_scale*scales[j]);
            uint8_t lm = nearest_int(inv_min*mins[j]);
            ls = MIN(63, ls);
            lm = MIN(63, lm);
            if (j < 4) {
                y[i].scales[j] = ls;
                y[i].scales[j+4] = lm;
            } else {
                y[i].scales[j+4] = (ls & 0xF) | ((lm & 0xF) << 4);
                y[i].scales[j-4] |= ((ls >> 4) << 6);
                y[i].scales[j-0] |= ((lm >> 4) << 6);
            }
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_scale/63.f);
        y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_min/63.f);

        uint8_t sc, m;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            get_scale_min_k4(j, y[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) continue;
            const float dm = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin) * m;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 32; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[32*j + ii] + dm)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
                L[32*j + ii] = l;
            }
        }
#else
        const float s_factor = 15.f;
        float inv_scale = max_scale > 0 ? s_factor/max_scale : 0.f;
        float inv_min   = max_min   > 0 ? s_factor/max_min   : 0.f;
        int d1 = nearest_int(inv_scale*scales[0]);
        int m1 = nearest_int(inv_min*mins[0]);
        int d2 = nearest_int(inv_scale*scales[1]);
        int m2 = nearest_int(inv_min*mins[1]);
        y[i].scales[0] = d1 | (m1 << 4);
        y[i].scales[1] = d2 | (m2 << 4);
        y[i].d[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_scale/s_factor);
        y[i].d[1] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_min/s_factor);

        float sumlx = 0;
        int   suml2 = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            const uint8_t sd = y[i].scales[j] & 0xF;
            const uint8_t sm = y[i].scales[j] >>  4;
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d[0]) * sd;
            if (!d) continue;
            const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d[1]) * sm;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 32; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[32*j + ii] + m)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
                L[32*j + ii] = l;
                sumlx += (x[32*j + ii] + m)*l*sd;
                suml2 += l*l*sd*sd;
            }
        }
        if (suml2) {
            y[i].d[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(sumlx/suml2);
        }
#endif
        uint8_t * q = y[i].qs;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 64) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) q[l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 4);
            q += 32;
        }

        x += QK_K;

    }
}

void dequantize_row_q4_K(const block_q4_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const uint8_t * q = x[i].qs;

#if QK_K == 256

        const float d   = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float min = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        int is = 0;
        uint8_t sc, m;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 64) {
            get_scale_min_k4(is + 0, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d1 = d * sc; const float m1 = min * m;
            get_scale_min_k4(is + 1, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d2 = d * sc; const float m2 = min * m;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d1 * (q[l] & 0xF) - m1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d2 * (q[l]  >> 4) - m2;
            q += 32; is += 2;
        }
#else
        const float dall = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]);
        const float mall = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]);
        const float d1 = dall * (x[i].scales[0] & 0xF), m1 = mall * (x[i].scales[0] >> 4);
        const float d2 = dall * (x[i].scales[1] & 0xF), m2 = mall * (x[i].scales[1] >> 4);
        for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
            y[l+ 0] = d1 * (q[l] & 0xF) - m1;
            y[l+32] = d2 * (q[l] >>  4) - m2;
        }
        y += QK_K;
#endif

    }
}

void quantize_row_q4_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_q4_K * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_q4_K_reference(x, y, k);
}

static void quantize_row_q4_K_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q4_K * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
#if QK_K != 256
    (void)quant_weights;
    quantize_row_q4_K_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
#else
    assert(n_per_row % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = n_per_row / QK_K;

    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    uint8_t Laux[32];
    uint8_t Ls[QK_K/32];
    uint8_t Lm[QK_K/32];
    float   weights[32];
    float   sw[QK_K/32];
    float   mins[QK_K/32];
    float   scales[QK_K/32];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float sum_x2 = 0;
        for (int l = 0; l < QK_K; ++l) sum_x2 += x[l] * x[l];
        float sigma2 = 2*sum_x2/QK_K;
        float av_x = sqrtf(sigma2);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*i + 32*j;
                for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = qw[l] * sqrtf(sigma2 + x[32*j + l]*x[32*j + l]);
            } else {
                for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = av_x + fabsf(x[32*j + l]);
            }
            float sumw = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) sumw += weights[l];
            sw[j] = sumw;
            scales[j] = make_qkx3_quants(32, 15, x + 32*j, weights, L + 32*j, &mins[j], Laux, -0.9f, 0.05f, 36, false);
        }

        float d_block = make_qp_quants(QK_K/32, 63, scales, Ls, sw);
        float m_block = make_qp_quants(QK_K/32, 63, mins,   Lm, sw);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            uint8_t ls = Ls[j];
            uint8_t lm = Lm[j];
            if (j < 4) {
                y[i].scales[j] = ls;
                y[i].scales[j+4] = lm;
            } else {
                y[i].scales[j+4] = (ls & 0xF) | ((lm & 0xF) << 4);
                y[i].scales[j-4] |= ((ls >> 4) << 6);
                y[i].scales[j-0] |= ((lm >> 4) << 6);
            }
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d_block);
        y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(m_block);

        uint8_t sc, m;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            get_scale_min_k4(j, y[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) continue;
            const float dm = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin) * m;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 32; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[32*j + ii] + dm)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
                L[32*j + ii] = l;
            }
        }
        uint8_t * q = y[i].qs;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 64) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) q[l] = L[j + l] | (L[j + l + 32] << 4);
            q += 32;
        }

        x += QK_K;

    }
#endif
}

size_t quantize_q4_K(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_K, n_per_row);
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q4_K_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    }
    else {
        char * qrow = (char *)dst;
        for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
            quantize_row_q4_K_impl(src, (block_q4_K*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
            src += n_per_row;
            qrow += row_size;
        }
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

// ====================== 5-bit (de)-quantization

void quantize_row_q5_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q5_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

#if QK_K == 256
    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    float mins[QK_K/32];
    float scales[QK_K/32];
    float weights[32];
    uint8_t Laux[32];
#else
    int8_t L[QK_K];
    float scales[QK_K/16];
#endif

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

#if QK_K == 256

        float max_scale = 0; // as we are deducting the min, scales are always positive
        float max_min = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            //scales[j] = make_qkx1_quants(32, 31, x + 32*j, L + 32*j, &mins[j], 9, 0.5f);
            float sum_x2 = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) sum_x2 += x[32*j + l] * x[32*j + l];
            float av_x = sqrtf(sum_x2/32);
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = av_x + fabsf(x[32*j + l]);
            scales[j] = make_qkx2_quants(32, 31, x + 32*j, weights, L + 32*j, &mins[j], Laux, -0.5f, 0.1f, 15, false);
            float scale = scales[j];
            if (scale > max_scale) {
                max_scale = scale;
            }
            float min = mins[j];
            if (min > max_min) {
                max_min = min;
            }
        }

        float inv_scale = max_scale > 0 ? 63.f/max_scale : 0.f;
        float inv_min   = max_min   > 0 ? 63.f/max_min   : 0.f;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            uint8_t ls = nearest_int(inv_scale*scales[j]);
            uint8_t lm = nearest_int(inv_min*mins[j]);
            ls = MIN(63, ls);
            lm = MIN(63, lm);
            if (j < 4) {
                y[i].scales[j] = ls;
                y[i].scales[j+4] = lm;
            } else {
                y[i].scales[j+4] = (ls & 0xF) | ((lm & 0xF) << 4);
                y[i].scales[j-4] |= ((ls >> 4) << 6);
                y[i].scales[j-0] |= ((lm >> 4) << 6);
            }
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_scale/63.f);
        y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(max_min/63.f);

        uint8_t sc, m;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            get_scale_min_k4(j, y[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) continue;
            const float dm = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin) * m;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 32; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[32*j + ii] + dm)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(31, l));
                L[32*j + ii] = l;
            }
        }

        uint8_t * restrict qh = y[i].qh;
        uint8_t * restrict ql = y[i].qs;
        memset(qh, 0, QK_K/8);

        uint8_t m1 = 1, m2 = 2;
        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 64) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
                int l1 = L[n + j];
                if (l1 > 15) {
                    l1 -= 16; qh[j] |= m1;
                }
                int l2 = L[n + j + 32];
                if (l2 > 15) {
                    l2 -= 16; qh[j] |= m2;
                }
                ql[j] = l1 | (l2 << 4);
            }
            m1 <<= 2; m2 <<= 2;
            ql += 32;
        }
#else
        float max_scale = 0, amax = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            scales[j] = make_qx_quants(16, 16, x + 16*j, L + 16*j, 1, NULL);
            float abs_scale = fabsf(scales[j]);
            if (abs_scale > amax) {
                amax = abs_scale;
                max_scale = scales[j];
            }
        }

        float iscale = -128.f/max_scale;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int l = nearest_int(iscale*scales[j]);
            y[i].scales[j] = MAX(-128, MIN(127, l));
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1/iscale);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * y[i].scales[j];
            if (!d) continue;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-16, MIN(15, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 16;
            }
        }

        uint8_t * restrict qh = y[i].qh;
        uint8_t * restrict ql = y[i].qs;
        memset(qh, 0, QK_K/8);

        for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
            int jm = j%8;
            int is = j/8;
            int l1 = L[j];
            if (l1 > 15) {
                l1 -= 16; qh[jm] |= (1 << is);
            }
            int l2 = L[j + 32];
            if (l2 > 15) {
                l2 -= 16; qh[jm] |= (1 << (4 + is));
            }
            ql[j] = l1 | (l2 << 4);
        }
#endif

        x += QK_K;

    }
}

void dequantize_row_q5_K(const block_q5_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const uint8_t * ql = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;

#if QK_K == 256

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float min = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        int is = 0;
        uint8_t sc, m;
        uint8_t u1 = 1, u2 = 2;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 64) {
            get_scale_min_k4(is + 0, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d1 = d * sc; const float m1 = min * m;
            get_scale_min_k4(is + 1, x[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d2 = d * sc; const float m2 = min * m;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d1 * ((ql[l] & 0xF) + (qh[l] & u1 ? 16 : 0)) - m1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) *y++ = d2 * ((ql[l]  >> 4) + (qh[l] & u2 ? 16 : 0)) - m2;
            ql += 32; is += 2;
            u1 <<= 2; u2 <<= 2;
        }
#else
        float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const int8_t * restrict s = x[i].scales;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
            y[l+ 0] = d * s[0] * ((ql[l+ 0] & 0xF) - (qh[l] & 0x01 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+ 8] = d * s[0] * ((ql[l+ 8] & 0xF) - (qh[l] & 0x02 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+16] = d * s[1] * ((ql[l+16] & 0xF) - (qh[l] & 0x04 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+24] = d * s[1] * ((ql[l+24] & 0xF) - (qh[l] & 0x08 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+32] = d * s[2] * ((ql[l+ 0] >>  4) - (qh[l] & 0x10 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+40] = d * s[2] * ((ql[l+ 8] >>  4) - (qh[l] & 0x20 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+48] = d * s[3] * ((ql[l+16] >>  4) - (qh[l] & 0x40 ? 0 : 16));
            y[l+56] = d * s[3] * ((ql[l+24] >>  4) - (qh[l] & 0x80 ? 0 : 16));
        }
        y += QK_K;
#endif
    }
}

void quantize_row_q5_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_q5_K * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_q5_K_reference(x, y, k);
}

static void quantize_row_q5_K_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q5_K * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
#if QK_K != 256
    (void)quant_weights;
    quantize_row_q5_K_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
#else
    assert(n_per_row % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = n_per_row / QK_K;

    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    uint8_t Laux[32];
    uint8_t Ls[QK_K/32];
    uint8_t Lm[QK_K/32];
    float   mins[QK_K/32];
    float   scales[QK_K/32];
    float   sw[QK_K/32];
    float   weights[32];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float sum_x2 = 0;
        for (int l = 0; l < QK_K; ++l) sum_x2 += x[l] * x[l];
        float sigma2 = 2*sum_x2/QK_K;
        float av_x = sqrtf(sigma2);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*i + 32*j;
                for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = qw[l] * sqrtf(sigma2 + x[32*j + l]*x[32*j + l]);
            } else {
                for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) weights[l] = av_x + fabsf(x[32*j + l]);
            }
            float sumw = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) sumw += weights[l];
            sw[j] = sumw;

            scales[j] = make_qkx3_quants(32, 31, x + 32*j, weights, L + 32*j, &mins[j], Laux, -0.9f, 0.05f, 36, false);
        }

        float d_block = make_qp_quants(QK_K/32, 63, scales, Ls, sw);
        float m_block = make_qp_quants(QK_K/32, 63, mins,   Lm, sw);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            uint8_t ls = Ls[j];
            uint8_t lm = Lm[j];
            ls = MIN(63, ls);
            lm = MIN(63, lm);
            if (j < 4) {
                y[i].scales[j] = ls;
                y[i].scales[j+4] = lm;
            } else {
                y[i].scales[j+4] = (ls & 0xF) | ((lm & 0xF) << 4);
                y[i].scales[j-4] |= ((ls >> 4) << 6);
                y[i].scales[j-0] |= ((lm >> 4) << 6);
            }
        }
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d_block);
        y[i].dmin = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(m_block);

        uint8_t sc, m;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            get_scale_min_k4(j, y[i].scales, &sc, &m);
            const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * sc;
            if (!d) continue;
            const float dm = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].dmin) * m;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 32; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int((x[32*j + ii] + dm)/d);
                l = MAX(0, MIN(31, l));
                L[32*j + ii] = l;
            }
        }

        uint8_t * restrict qh = y[i].qh;
        uint8_t * restrict ql = y[i].qs;
        memset(qh, 0, QK_K/8);

        uint8_t m1 = 1, m2 = 2;
        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 64) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 32; ++j) {
                int l1 = L[n + j];
                if (l1 > 15) {
                    l1 -= 16; qh[j] |= m1;
                }
                int l2 = L[n + j + 32];
                if (l2 > 15) {
                    l2 -= 16; qh[j] |= m2;
                }
                ql[j] = l1 | (l2 << 4);
            }
            m1 <<= 2; m2 <<= 2;
            ql += 32;
        }

        x += QK_K;

    }
#endif
}

size_t quantize_q5_K(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_K, n_per_row);
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q5_K_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    }
    else {
        char * qrow = (char *)dst;
        for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
            quantize_row_q5_K_impl(src, (block_q5_K*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
            src += n_per_row;
            qrow += row_size;
        }
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

// ====================== 6-bit (de)-quantization

void quantize_row_q6_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q6_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    int8_t L[QK_K];
    float   scales[QK_K/16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float max_scale = 0;
        float max_abs_scale = 0;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {

            const float scale = make_qx_quants(16, 32, x + 16*ib, L + 16*ib, 1, NULL);
            scales[ib] = scale;

            const float abs_scale = fabsf(scale);
            if (abs_scale > max_abs_scale) {
                max_abs_scale = abs_scale;
                max_scale = scale;
            }

        }

        if (!max_abs_scale) {
            memset(&y[i], 0, sizeof(block_q6_K));
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
            x += QK_K;
            continue;
        }

        float iscale = -128.f/max_scale;
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1/iscale);
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            y[i].scales[ib] = MIN(127, nearest_int(iscale*scales[ib]));
        }

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * y[i].scales[j];
            if (!d) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-32, MIN(31, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 32;
            }
        }

        uint8_t * restrict ql = y[i].ql;
        uint8_t * restrict qh = y[i].qh;
#if QK_K == 256
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                const uint8_t q1 = L[j + l +  0] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q2 = L[j + l + 32] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q3 = L[j + l + 64] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q4 = L[j + l + 96] & 0xF;
                ql[l+ 0] = q1 | (q3 << 4);
                ql[l+32] = q2 | (q4 << 4);
                qh[l] = (L[j + l] >> 4) | ((L[j + l + 32] >> 4) << 2) | ((L[j + l + 64] >> 4) << 4) | ((L[j + l + 96] >> 4) << 6);
            }
            ql += 64;
            qh += 32;
        }
#else
        for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
            const uint8_t q1 = L[l +  0] & 0xF;
            const uint8_t q2 = L[l + 32] & 0xF;
            ql[l] = q1 | (q2 << 4);
        }
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            qh[l] = (L[l] >> 4) | ((L[l + 16] >> 4) << 2) | ((L[l + 32] >> 4) << 4) | ((L[l + 48] >> 4) << 6);
        }
#endif

        x += QK_K;

    }
}

void dequantize_row_q6_K(const block_q6_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict ql = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict sc = x[i].scales;

#if QK_K == 256
        for (int n = 0; n < QK_K; n += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                int is = l/16;
                const int8_t q1 = (int8_t)((ql[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                const int8_t q2 = (int8_t)((ql[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                const int8_t q3 = (int8_t)((ql[l +  0]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                const int8_t q4 = (int8_t)((ql[l + 32]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                y[l +  0] = d * sc[is + 0] * q1;
                y[l + 32] = d * sc[is + 2] * q2;
                y[l + 64] = d * sc[is + 4] * q3;
                y[l + 96] = d * sc[is + 6] * q4;
            }
            y  += 128;
            ql += 64;
            qh += 32;
            sc += 8;
        }
#else
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            const int8_t q1 = (int8_t)((ql[l+ 0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            const int8_t q2 = (int8_t)((ql[l+16] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            const int8_t q3 = (int8_t)((ql[l+ 0]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            const int8_t q4 = (int8_t)((ql[l+16]  >> 4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            y[l+ 0] = d * sc[0] * q1;
            y[l+16] = d * sc[1] * q2;
            y[l+32] = d * sc[2] * q3;
            y[l+48] = d * sc[3] * q4;
        }
        y  += 64;
#endif

    }
}

void quantize_row_q6_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_q6_K * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_q6_K_reference(x, y, k);
}

static void quantize_row_q6_K_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q6_K * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
#if QK_K != 256
    (void)quant_weights;
    quantize_row_q6_K_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
#else
    assert(n_per_row % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = n_per_row / QK_K;

    int8_t L[QK_K];
    float   scales[QK_K/16];
    //float   weights[16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        //float sum_x2 = 0;
        //for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) sum_x2 += x[j]*x[j];
        //float sigma2 = sum_x2/QK_K;

        float max_scale = 0;
        float max_abs_scale = 0;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {

            float scale;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*i + 16*ib;
                //for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) weights[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + x[16*ib + j]*x[16*ib + j]);
                //scale = make_qx_quants(16, 32, x + 16*ib, L + 16*ib, 1, weights);
                scale = make_qx_quants(16, 32, x + 16*ib, L + 16*ib, 1, qw);
            } else {
                scale = make_qx_quants(16, 32, x + 16*ib, L + 16*ib, 1, NULL);
            }
            scales[ib] = scale;

            const float abs_scale = fabsf(scale);
            if (abs_scale > max_abs_scale) {
                max_abs_scale = abs_scale;
                max_scale = scale;
            }

        }

        if (!max_abs_scale) {
            memset(&y[i], 0, sizeof(block_q6_K));
            y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
            x += QK_K;
            continue;
        }

        float iscale = -128.f/max_scale;
        y[i].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(1/iscale);
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            y[i].scales[ib] = MIN(127, nearest_int(iscale*scales[ib]));
        }

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) * y[i].scales[j];
            if (!d) {
                continue;
            }
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                int l = nearest_int(x[16*j + ii]/d);
                l = MAX(-32, MIN(31, l));
                L[16*j + ii] = l + 32;
            }
        }

        uint8_t * restrict ql = y[i].ql;
        uint8_t * restrict qh = y[i].qh;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                const uint8_t q1 = L[j + l +  0] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q2 = L[j + l + 32] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q3 = L[j + l + 64] & 0xF;
                const uint8_t q4 = L[j + l + 96] & 0xF;
                ql[l+ 0] = q1 | (q3 << 4);
                ql[l+32] = q2 | (q4 << 4);
                qh[l] = (L[j + l] >> 4) | ((L[j + l + 32] >> 4) << 2) | ((L[j + l + 64] >> 4) << 4) | ((L[j + l + 96] >> 4) << 6);
            }
            ql += 64;
            qh += 32;
        }

        x += QK_K;

    }
#endif
}

size_t quantize_q6_K(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q6_K, n_per_row);
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q6_K_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    }
    else {
        char * qrow = (char *)dst;
        for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
            quantize_row_q6_K_impl(src, (block_q6_K*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
            src += n_per_row;
            qrow += row_size;
        }
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

static void quantize_row_q4_0_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q4_0 * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    static_assert(QK4_0 == 32, "QK4_0 must be 32");

    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q4_0_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
        return;
    }

    float weight[QK4_0];
    int8_t L[QK4_0];

    float sum_x2 = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n_per_row; ++j) sum_x2 += x[j]*x[j];
    float sigma2 = sum_x2/n_per_row;

    const int64_t nb = n_per_row/QK4_0;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
        const float * xb = x + QK4_0 * ib;
        const float * qw = quant_weights + QK4_0 * ib;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_0; ++j) weight[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[j]*xb[j]);
        float d = make_qx_quants(QK4_0, 8, xb, L, 1, weight);
        y[ib].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            y[ib].qs[j] = L[j] | (L[j+16] << 4);
        }
    }
}

size_t quantize_q4_0(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q4_0_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
        return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, n_per_row);
    }
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_0, n_per_row);
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_q4_0_impl(src, (block_q4_0*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += row_size;
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

static void quantize_row_q4_1_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q4_1 * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    static_assert(QK4_1 == 32, "QK4_1 must be 32");

    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q4_1_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
        return;
    }

    float weight[QK4_1];
    uint8_t L[QK4_1], Laux[QK4_1];

    float sum_x2 = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n_per_row; ++j) sum_x2 += x[j]*x[j];
    float sigma2 = sum_x2/n_per_row;

    const int64_t nb = n_per_row/QK4_1;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
        const float * xb = x + QK4_1 * ib;
        const float * qw = quant_weights + QK4_1 * ib;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_1; ++j) weight[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[j]*xb[j]);
        float min;
        float d = make_qkx3_quants(QK4_1, 15, xb, weight, L, &min, Laux, -0.9f, 0.05f, 36, false);
        y[ib].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        y[ib].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(-min);
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            y[ib].qs[j] = L[j] | (L[j+16] << 4);
        }
    }
}

size_t quantize_q4_1(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q4_1_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
        return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, n_per_row);
    }
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q4_1, n_per_row);
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_q4_1_impl(src, (block_q4_1*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += row_size;
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

static void quantize_row_q5_0_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q5_0 * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    static_assert(QK5_0 == 32, "QK5_0 must be 32");

    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q5_0_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
        return;
    }

    float weight[QK5_0];
    int8_t L[QK5_0];

    float sum_x2 = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n_per_row; ++j) sum_x2 += x[j]*x[j];
    float sigma2 = sum_x2/n_per_row;

    const int64_t nb = n_per_row/QK5_0;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
        const float * xb = x + QK5_0 * ib;
        const float * qw = quant_weights + QK5_0 * ib;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK5_0; ++j) weight[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[j]*xb[j]);
        float d = make_qx_quants(QK5_0, 16, xb, L, 1, weight);
        y[ib].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);

        uint32_t qh = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xi0 = L[j];
            const uint8_t xi1 = L[j+16];
            y[ib].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);

            // get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
        }

        memcpy(&y[ib].qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
    }
}

size_t quantize_q5_0(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q5_0_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
        return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, n_per_row);
    }
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_0, n_per_row);
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_q5_0_impl(src, (block_q5_0*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += row_size;
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

static void quantize_row_q5_1_impl(const float * restrict x, block_q5_1 * restrict y, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    static_assert(QK5_1 == 32, "QK5_1 must be 32");

    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q5_1_reference(x, y, n_per_row);
        return;
    }

    float weight[QK5_1];
    uint8_t L[QK5_1], Laux[QK5_1];

    float sum_x2 = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n_per_row; ++j) sum_x2 += x[j]*x[j];
    float sigma2 = sum_x2/n_per_row;

    const int64_t nb = n_per_row/QK5_1;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
        const float * xb = x + QK5_1 * ib;
        const float * qw = quant_weights + QK5_1 * ib;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK5_1; ++j) weight[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[j]*xb[j]);
        float min;
        float d = make_qkx3_quants(QK5_1, 31, xb, weight, L, &min, Laux, -0.9f, 0.05f, 36, false);
        y[ib].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        y[ib].m = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(-min);

        uint32_t qh = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xi0 = L[j];
            const uint8_t xi1 = L[j+16];
            y[ib].qs[j] = (xi0 & 0x0F) | ((xi1 & 0x0F) << 4);
            // get the 5-th bit and store it in qh at the right position
            qh |= ((xi0 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + 0);
            qh |= ((xi1 & 0x10u) >> 4) << (j + QK5_0/2);
        }
        memcpy(&y[ib].qh, &qh, sizeof(qh));
    }
}

size_t quantize_q5_1(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    if (!quant_weights) {
        quantize_row_q5_1_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
        return nrow * ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, n_per_row);
    }
    size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q5_1, n_per_row);
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_q5_1_impl(src, (block_q5_1*)qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += row_size;
    }
    return nrow * row_size;
}

size_t quantize_q8_0(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    (void)quant_weights; // not used
    const size_t row_size = ggml_row_size(GGML_TYPE_Q8_0, n_per_row);
    quantize_row_q8_0_reference(src, dst, (int64_t)nrow*n_per_row);
    return nrow * row_size;
}

// ====================== "True" 2-bit (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq2_xxs(const block_iq2_xxs * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    uint32_t aux32[2];
    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            memcpy(aux32, x[i].qs + 4*ib32, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
            const float db = d * (0.5f + (aux32[1] >> 28)) * 0.25f;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = db * grid[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
        }
    }
}

// ====================== 2.3125 bpw (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq2_xs(const block_iq2_xs * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    float db[2];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            db[0] = d * (0.5f + (x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf)) * 0.25f;
            db[1] = d * (0.5f + (x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4)) * 0.25f;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (x[i].qs[4*ib32 + l] & 511));
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[x[i].qs[4*ib32 + l] >> 9];
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = db[l/2] * grid[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
        }
    }
}

// ====================== 2.5625 bpw (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq2_s(const block_iq2_s * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    float db[2];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;

        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            db[0] = d * (0.5f + (x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf)) * 0.25f;
            db[1] = d * (0.5f + (x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4)) * 0.25f;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const float dl = db[l/2];
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = dl * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qs += 4;
            signs += 4;
        }
    }
}

// ====================== 3.0625 bpw (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq3_xxs(const block_iq3_xxs * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    uint32_t aux32;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * scales_and_signs = qs + QK_K/4;

        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            memcpy(&aux32, scales_and_signs + 4*ib32, sizeof(uint32_t));
            const float db = d * (0.5f + (aux32 >> 28)) * 0.5f;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + qs[2*l+0]);
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + qs[2*l+1]);
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    y[j+0] = db * grid1[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                    y[j+4] = db * grid2[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qs += 8;
        }
    }
}

// ====================== 3.3125 bpw (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq3_s(const block_iq3_s * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint8_t * signs = x[i].signs;

        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const float db1 = d * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf));
            const float db2 = d * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4));
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    y[j+0] = db1 * grid1[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                    y[j+4] = db1 * grid2[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qs += 8;
            signs += 4;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    y[j+0] = db2 * grid1[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                    y[j+4] = db2 * grid2[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1.f : 1.f);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qh += 2;
            qs += 8;
            signs += 4;
        }
    }
}

// ====================== 1.5625 bpw (de)-quantization

void dequantize_row_iq1_s(const block_iq1_s * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            const float dl = d * (2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1);
            const float delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = dl * (grid[j] + delta);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qs += 4;
        }
    }
}

void dequantize_row_iq1_m(const block_iq1_m * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    float delta[4];
    uint16_t idx[4];

#if QK_K != 64
    iq1m_scale_t scale;
#endif

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
#if QK_K == 64
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
#else
        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16);
#endif
        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
#if QK_K == 64
            const float dl1 = d * (2*((sc[ib/2] >> (8*(ib%2)+0)) & 0xf) + 1);
            const float dl2 = d * (2*((sc[ib/2] >> (8*(ib%2)+4)) & 0xf) + 1);
#else
            const float dl1 = d * (2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+0)) & 0x7) + 1);
            const float dl2 = d * (2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+3)) & 0x7) + 1);
#endif
            idx[0] = qs[0] | ((qh[0] << 8) & 0x700);
            idx[1] = qs[1] | ((qh[0] << 4) & 0x700);
            idx[2] = qs[2] | ((qh[1] << 8) & 0x700);
            idx[3] = qs[3] | ((qh[1] << 4) & 0x700);
            delta[0] = qh[0] & 0x08 ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
            delta[1] = qh[0] & 0x80 ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
            delta[2] = qh[1] & 0x08 ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
            delta[3] = qh[1] & 0x80 ? -IQ1S_DELTA : IQ1S_DELTA;
            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + idx[l]);
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = dl1 * (grid[j] + delta[l]);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + idx[l]);
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    y[j] = dl2 * (grid[j] + delta[l]);
                }
                y += 8;
            }
            qs += 4;
            qh += 2;
        }
    }
}

static const int8_t kvalues_iq4nl[16] = {-127, -104, -83, -65, -49, -35, -22, -10, 1, 13, 25, 38, 53, 69, 89, 113};

void dequantize_row_iq4_nl(const block_iq4_nl * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK4_NL == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK4_NL;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
            y[j+       0] = d * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
            y[j+QK4_NL/2] = d * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
        }
        y  += QK4_NL;
        qs += QK4_NL/2;
    }
}

void dequantize_row_iq4_xs(const block_iq4_xs * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
#if QK_K == 64
    dequantize_row_iq4_nl((const block_iq4_nl *)x, y, k);
#else
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            const int ls = ((x[i].scales_l[ib/2] >> 4*(ib%2)) & 0xf) | (((x[i].scales_h >> 2*ib) & 3) << 4);
            const float dl = d * (ls - 32);
            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
                y[j+ 0] = dl * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
                y[j+16] = dl * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
            }
            y  += 32;
            qs += 16;
        }
    }
#endif
}

//===================================== Q8_K ==============================================

void quantize_row_q8_K_reference(const float * restrict x, block_q8_K * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        float max = 0;
        float amax = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) {
            float ax = fabsf(x[j]);
            if (ax > amax) {
                amax = ax; max = x[j];
            }
        }
        if (!amax) {
            y[i].d = 0;
            memset(y[i].qs, 0, QK_K);
            x += QK_K;
            continue;
        }
        //const float iscale = -128.f/max;
        // We need this change for IQ2_XXS, else the AVX implementation becomes very awkward
        const float iscale = -127.f/max;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) {
            int v = nearest_int(iscale*x[j]);
            y[i].qs[j] = MIN(127, v);
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int sum = 0;
            for (int ii = 0; ii < 16; ++ii) {
                sum += y[i].qs[j*16 + ii];
            }
            y[i].bsums[j] = sum;
        }
        y[i].d = 1/iscale;
        x += QK_K;
    }
}

void dequantize_row_q8_K(const block_q8_K * restrict x, float * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    const int64_t nb = k / QK_K;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; ++j) {
            *y++ = x[i].d * x[i].qs[j];
        }
    }
}

void quantize_row_q8_K(const float * restrict x, void * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    quantize_row_q8_K_reference(x, y, k);
}

//===================================== Dot ptoducts =================================

//
// Helper functions
//
#if __AVX__ || __AVX2__ || __AVX512F__

// shuffles to pick the required scales in dot products
static inline __m256i get_scale_shuffle_q3k(int i) {
    static const uint8_t k_shuffle[128] = {
         0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,     2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3,
         4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5,     6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7,
         8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9,    10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,
        12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,    14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,
    };
    return _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_shuffle + i);
}
static inline __m256i get_scale_shuffle_k4(int i) {
    static const uint8_t k_shuffle[256] = {
         0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1,
         2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3,
         4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5,
         6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7,
         8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9, 8, 9,
        10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,10,11,
        12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,12,13,
        14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15,14,15
    };
    return _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_shuffle + i);
}
static inline __m128i get_scale_shuffle(int i) {
    static const uint8_t k_shuffle[128] = {
         0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
         2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,
         4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5,
         6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7,
         8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9,
        10,10,10,10,10,10,10,10, 11,11,11,11,11,11,11,11,
        12,12,12,12,12,12,12,12, 13,13,13,13,13,13,13,13,
        14,14,14,14,14,14,14,14, 15,15,15,15,15,15,15,15
    };
    return _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)k_shuffle + i);
}
#endif

void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    const int qk = QK8_0;
    const int nb = n / qk;

    assert(n % qk == 0);
#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    assert((nrc == 2) || (nrc == 1));
#else
    assert(nrc == 1);
#endif
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q4_0 * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    if (nrc == 2) {
        const block_q4_0 * restrict vx0 = vx;
        const block_q4_0 * restrict vx1 = vx + bx;

        const block_q8_0 * restrict vy0 = vy;
        const block_q8_0 * restrict vy1 = vy + by;

        float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
            const block_q4_0 * restrict b_x0 = &vx0[i];
            const block_q4_0 * restrict b_x1 = &vx1[i];
            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_y0 = &vy0[i];
            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_y1 = &vy1[i];

            const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);
            const int8x16_t  s8b = vdupq_n_s8(0x8);

            const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(b_x0->qs);
            const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(b_x1->qs);

            // 4-bit -> 8-bit
            const int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
            const int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
            const int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
            const int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

            // sub 8
            const int8x16_t x0_l = vsubq_s8(v0_0l, s8b);
            const int8x16_t x0_h = vsubq_s8(v0_0h, s8b);
            const int8x16_t x1_l = vsubq_s8(v0_1l, s8b);
            const int8x16_t x1_h = vsubq_s8(v0_1h, s8b);

            // load y
            const int8x16_t y0_l = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs);
            const int8x16_t y0_h = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs + 16);
            const int8x16_t y1_l = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs);
            const int8x16_t y1_h = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs + 16);

            float32x4_t scale = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)};

            int8x16_t l0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));
            int8x16_t l1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));

            int8x16_t l2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));
            int8x16_t l3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));

            int8x16_t r0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));
            int8x16_t r1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));

            int8x16_t r2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));
            int8x16_t r3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));

            sumv0 = vmlaq_f32(sumv0,(vcvtq_f32_s32(vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), l0, r0)),
                                                                                l1, r1)), l2, r2)), l3, r3))), scale);
        }
        float32x4_t sumv1 = vextq_f32(sumv0, sumv0, 2);
        float32x4_t sumv2 = vzip1q_f32(sumv0, sumv1);

        vst1_f32(s, vget_low_f32(sumv2));
        vst1_f32(s + bs, vget_high_f32(sumv2));
        return;
    }
#endif
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
        const block_q4_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
        const block_q4_0 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];

        const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);
        const int8x16_t  s8b = vdupq_n_s8(0x8);

        const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(x0->qs);
        const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(x1->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        const int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
        const int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

        // sub 8
        const int8x16_t v0_0ls = vsubq_s8(v0_0l, s8b);
        const int8x16_t v0_0hs = vsubq_s8(v0_0h, s8b);
        const int8x16_t v0_1ls = vsubq_s8(v0_1l, s8b);
        const int8x16_t v0_1hs = vsubq_s8(v0_1h, s8b);

        // load y
        const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t v1_1l = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_1h = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);

        // dot product into int32x4_t
        const int32x4_t p_0 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0ls, v1_0l), v0_0hs, v1_0h);
        const int32x4_t p_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1ls, v1_1l), v0_1hs, v1_1h);

        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
    }

    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
#elif defined(__AVX2__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        /* Compute combined scale for the block */
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) );

        __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);

        // Now we have a vector with bytes in [ 0 .. 15 ] interval. Offset them into [ -8 .. +7 ] interval.
        const __m256i off = _mm256_set1_epi8( 8 );
        qx = _mm256_sub_epi8( qx, off );

        __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(qx, qy);

        /* Multiply q with scale and accumulate */
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps( d, q, acc );
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
#elif defined(__AVX__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        // Compute combined scale for the block
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) );

        const __m128i lowMask = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
        const __m128i off = _mm_set1_epi8(8);

        const __m128i tmp = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[i].qs);

        __m128i bx_0 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmp);
        __m128i by_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[i].qs);
        bx_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_0, off);
        const __m128i i32_0 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_0, by_0);

        bx_0 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, _mm_srli_epi64(tmp, 4));
        by_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(y[i].qs + 16));
        bx_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_0, off);
        const __m128i i32_1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_0, by_0);

        // Convert int32_t to float
        __m256 p = _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(i32_0, i32_1));

        // Apply the scale, and accumulate
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps( d, p ), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
#elif defined(__SSSE3__)
    // set constants
    const __m128i lowMask = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i off = _mm_set1_epi8(8);

    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m128 acc_0 = _mm_setzero_ps();
    __m128 acc_1 = _mm_setzero_ps();
    __m128 acc_2 = _mm_setzero_ps();
    __m128 acc_3 = _mm_setzero_ps();

    // First round without accumulation
    {
        _mm_prefetch(&x[0] + sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
        _mm_prefetch(&y[0] + sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);

        // Compute combined scale for the block 0 and 1
        const __m128 d_0_1 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[0].d) );

        const __m128i tmp_0_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[0].qs);

        __m128i bx_0 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmp_0_1);
        __m128i by_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[0].qs);
        bx_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_0, off);
        const __m128i i32_0 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_0, by_0);

        __m128i bx_1 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, _mm_srli_epi64(tmp_0_1, 4));
        __m128i by_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(y[0].qs + 16));
        bx_1 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_1, off);
        const __m128i i32_1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_1, by_1);

        _mm_prefetch(&x[1] + sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
        _mm_prefetch(&y[1] + sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);

        // Compute combined scale for the block 2 and 3
        const __m128 d_2_3 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[1].d) );

        const __m128i tmp_2_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[1].qs);

        __m128i bx_2 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmp_2_3);
        __m128i by_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[1].qs);
        bx_2 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_2, off);
        const __m128i i32_2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_2, by_2);

        __m128i bx_3 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, _mm_srli_epi64(tmp_2_3, 4));
        __m128i by_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(y[1].qs + 16));
        bx_3 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_3, off);
        const __m128i i32_3 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_3, by_3);

        // Convert int32_t to float
        __m128 p0 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_0);
        __m128 p1 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_1);
        __m128 p2 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_2);
        __m128 p3 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_3);

        // Apply the scale
        acc_0 = _mm_mul_ps( d_0_1, p0 );
        acc_1 = _mm_mul_ps( d_0_1, p1 );
        acc_2 = _mm_mul_ps( d_2_3, p2 );
        acc_3 = _mm_mul_ps( d_2_3, p3 );
    }

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 2; i < nb; i+=2) {
        _mm_prefetch(&x[i] + sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
        _mm_prefetch(&y[i] + sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);

        // Compute combined scale for the block 0 and 1
        const __m128 d_0_1 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d) );

        const __m128i tmp_0_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[i].qs);

        __m128i bx_0 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmp_0_1);
        __m128i by_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[i].qs);
        bx_0 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_0, off);
        const __m128i i32_0 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_0, by_0);

        __m128i bx_1 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, _mm_srli_epi64(tmp_0_1, 4));
        __m128i by_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(y[i].qs + 16));
        bx_1 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_1, off);
        const __m128i i32_1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_1, by_1);

        _mm_prefetch(&x[i] + 2 * sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
        _mm_prefetch(&y[i] + 2 * sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);

        // Compute combined scale for the block 2 and 3
        const __m128 d_2_3 = _mm_set1_ps( GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i + 1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i + 1].d) );

        const __m128i tmp_2_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)x[i + 1].qs);

        __m128i bx_2 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, tmp_2_3);
        __m128i by_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)y[i + 1].qs);
        bx_2 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_2, off);
        const __m128i i32_2 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_2, by_2);

        __m128i bx_3 = _mm_and_si128(lowMask, _mm_srli_epi64(tmp_2_3, 4));
        __m128i by_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)(y[i + 1].qs + 16));
        bx_3 = _mm_sub_epi8(bx_3, off);
        const __m128i i32_3 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_3, by_3);

        // Convert int32_t to float
        __m128 p0 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_0);
        __m128 p1 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_1);
        __m128 p2 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_2);
        __m128 p3 = _mm_cvtepi32_ps(i32_3);

        // Apply the scale
        __m128 p0_d = _mm_mul_ps( d_0_1, p0 );
        __m128 p1_d = _mm_mul_ps( d_0_1, p1 );
        __m128 p2_d = _mm_mul_ps( d_2_3, p2 );
        __m128 p3_d = _mm_mul_ps( d_2_3, p3 );

        // Acummulate
        acc_0 = _mm_add_ps(p0_d, acc_0);
        acc_1 = _mm_add_ps(p1_d, acc_1);
        acc_2 = _mm_add_ps(p2_d, acc_2);
        acc_3 = _mm_add_ps(p3_d, acc_3);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_4x4(acc_0, acc_1, acc_2, acc_3);
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
    float sumf = 0.0;

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(qk/2);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // load elements
        vuint8mf2_t tx = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[i].qs, vl);

        vint8mf2_t y0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs, vl);
        vint8mf2_t y1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs+16, vl);

        // mask and store lower part of x, and then upper part
        vuint8mf2_t x_a = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x0F, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_l = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x04, vl);

        vint8mf2_t x_ai = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_a);
        vint8mf2_t x_li = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_l);

        // subtract offset
        vint8mf2_t v0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(x_ai, 8, vl);
        vint8mf2_t v1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(x_li, 8, vl);

        vint16m1_t vec_mul1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v0, y0, vl);
        vint16m1_t vec_mul2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v1, y1, vl);

        vint32m1_t vec_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, vl);

        vint32m1_t vs1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul1, vec_zero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul2, vs1, vl);

        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);

        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#else
    // scalar
    float sumf = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        int sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const int v0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) - 8;
            const int v1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>   4) - 8;

            sumi += (v0 * y[i].qs[j]) + (v1 * y[i].qs[j + qk/2]);
        }

        sumf += sumi*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    const int qk = QK8_1;
    const int nb = n / qk;

    assert(n % qk == 0);
#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    assert((nrc == 2) || (nrc == 1));
#else
    assert(nrc == 1);
#endif
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q4_1 * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    if (nrc == 2) {
        const block_q4_1 * restrict vx0 = vx;
        const block_q4_1 * restrict vx1 = vx + bx;
        const block_q8_1 * restrict vy0 = vy;
        const block_q8_1 * restrict vy1 = vy + by;

        float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
        float32x4_t summs0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
            const block_q4_1 * restrict b_x0 = &vx0[i];
            const block_q4_1 * restrict b_x1 = &vx1[i];
            const block_q8_1 * restrict b_y0 = &vy0[i];
            const block_q8_1 * restrict b_y1 = &vy1[i];

            float32x4_t summs_t = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
                                   GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->s),
                                   GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s),
                                   GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->s)};
            summs0 += summs_t;

            const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);

            const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(b_x0->qs);
            const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(b_x1->qs);

            // 4-bit -> 8-bit
            const int8x16_t x0_l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
            const int8x16_t x0_h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
            const int8x16_t x1_l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
            const int8x16_t x1_h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

            // load y
            const int8x16_t y0_l = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs);
            const int8x16_t y0_h = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs + 16);
            const int8x16_t y1_l = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs);
            const int8x16_t y1_h = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs + 16);

            // mmla into int32x4_t
            float32x4_t scale = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*b_y0->d,
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*b_y1->d,
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*b_y0->d,
                                 GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*b_y1->d};

            int8x16_t l0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));
            int8x16_t l1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));

            int8x16_t l2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));
            int8x16_t l3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));

            int8x16_t r0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));
            int8x16_t r1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));

            int8x16_t r2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));
            int8x16_t r3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));
            sumv0 = vmlaq_f32(sumv0,(vcvtq_f32_s32(vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), l0, r0)),
                                                                                l1, r1)), l2, r2)), l3, r3))), scale);
        }

        float32x4_t sumv1 = vextq_f32(sumv0, sumv0, 2);
        float32x4_t sumv2 = vzip1q_f32(sumv0, sumv1);
        sumv2 = sumv2 + summs0;

        vst1_f32(s, vget_low_f32(sumv2));
        vst1_f32(s + bs, vget_high_f32(sumv2));
        return;
    }
#endif
    // TODO: add WASM SIMD
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

    float summs = 0;

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
        const block_q4_1 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
        const block_q4_1 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
        const block_q8_1 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
        const block_q8_1 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];

        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s) + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);

        const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);

        const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(x0->qs);
        const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(x1->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        const int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
        const int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

        // load y
        const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t v1_1l = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_1h = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);

        // dot product into int32x4_t
        const int32x4_t p_0 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0l, v1_0l), v0_0h, v1_0h);
        const int32x4_t p_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1l, v1_1l), v0_1h, v1_1h);

        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_0), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(p_1), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
    }

    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1) + summs;
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0;

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d0 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float d1 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d);

        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);

        const __m256 d0v = _mm256_set1_ps( d0 );
        const __m256 d1v = _mm256_set1_ps( d1 );

        // Compute combined scales
        const __m256 d0d1 = _mm256_mul_ps( d0v, d1v );

        // Load 16 bytes, and unpack 4 bit fields into bytes, making 32 bytes
        const __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);
        const __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256( (const __m256i *)y[i].qs );

        const __m256 xy = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(qx, qy);

        // Accumulate d0*d1*x*y
#if defined(__AVX2__)
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps( d0d1, xy, acc );
#else
        acc = _mm256_add_ps( _mm256_mul_ps( d0d1, xy ), acc );
#endif
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
    float sumf = 0.0;

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(qk/2);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // load elements
        vuint8mf2_t tx = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[i].qs, vl);

        vint8mf2_t y0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs, vl);
        vint8mf2_t y1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs+16, vl);

        // mask and store lower part of x, and then upper part
        vuint8mf2_t x_a = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x0F, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_l = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x04, vl);

        vint8mf2_t v0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_a);
        vint8mf2_t v1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_l);

        vint16m1_t vec_mul1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v0, y0, vl);
        vint16m1_t vec_mul2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v1, y1, vl);

        vint32m1_t vec_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, vl);

        vint32m1_t vs1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul1, vec_zero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul2, vs1, vl);

        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#else
    // scalar
    float sumf = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        int sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const int v0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F);
            const int v1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>   4);

            sumi += (v0 * y[i].qs[j]) + (v1 * y[i].qs[j + qk/2]);
        }

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    const int qk = QK8_0;
    const int nb = n / qk;

    assert(n % qk == 0);
    assert(qk == QK5_0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q5_0 * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

    uint32_t qh0;
    uint32_t qh1;

    uint64_t tmp0[4];
    uint64_t tmp1[4];

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
        const block_q5_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i];
        const block_q5_0 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];

        const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);

        // extract the 5th bit via lookup table ((!b) << 4)
        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));

        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh0 >> 24)       ];

        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh1 >> 24)       ];

        const int8x16_t qhl0 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
        const int8x16_t qhh0 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
        const int8x16_t qhl1 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
        const int8x16_t qhh1 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));

        const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(x0->qs);
        const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(x1->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
        int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
        int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
        int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

        // add high bit and sub 16 (equivalent to sub 0x10 when bit is zero)
        const int8x16_t v0_0lf = vsubq_s8(v0_0l, qhl0);
        const int8x16_t v0_0hf = vsubq_s8(v0_0h, qhh0);
        const int8x16_t v0_1lf = vsubq_s8(v0_1l, qhl1);
        const int8x16_t v0_1hf = vsubq_s8(v0_1h, qhh1);

        // load y
        const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t v1_1l = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_1h = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);

        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lf, v1_0l),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1lf, v1_1l),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
    }

    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
    v128_t sumv = wasm_f32x4_splat(0.0f);

    uint32_t qh;
    uint64_t tmp[4];

    // TODO: check if unrolling this is better
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const block_q5_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i];

        const v128_t m4b  = wasm_i8x16_splat(0x0F);

        // extract the 5th bit
        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));

        tmp[0] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp[1] = table_b2b_1[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp[2] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp[3] = table_b2b_1[(qh >> 24)       ];

        const v128_t qhl = wasm_v128_load(tmp + 0);
        const v128_t qhh = wasm_v128_load(tmp + 2);

        const v128_t v0 = wasm_v128_load(x0->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        const v128_t v0l = wasm_v128_and (v0, m4b);
        const v128_t v0h = wasm_u8x16_shr(v0, 4);

        // add high bit and sub 16 (equivalent to sub 0x10 when bit is zero)
        const v128_t v0lf = wasm_i8x16_sub(v0l, qhl);
        const v128_t v0hf = wasm_i8x16_sub(v0h, qhh);

        // load y
        const v128_t v1l = wasm_v128_load(y0->qs);
        const v128_t v1h = wasm_v128_load(y0->qs + 16);

        // int8x16 -> int16x8
        const v128_t v0lfl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v0lf);
        const v128_t v0lfh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v0lf);
        const v128_t v0hfl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v0hf);
        const v128_t v0hfh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v0hf);

        const v128_t v1ll = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v1l);
        const v128_t v1lh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v1l);
        const v128_t v1hl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v1h);
        const v128_t v1hh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v1h);

        // dot product
        sumv = wasm_f32x4_add(sumv, wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(
                        wasm_i32x4_add(
                            wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfl, v1ll),
                                           wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfh, v1lh)),
                            wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfl, v1hl),
                                           wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfh, v1hh)))),
                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
    }

    *s = wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 0) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 1) +
         wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 2) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 3);
#elif defined(__AVX2__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        /* Compute combined scale for the block */
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));

        __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);
        __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[i].qh);
        bxhi = _mm256_andnot_si256(bxhi, _mm256_set1_epi8((char)0xF0));
        qx = _mm256_or_si256(qx, bxhi);

        __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(qx, qy);

        /* Multiply q with scale and accumulate */
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, q, acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
#elif defined(__AVX__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m128i mask = _mm_set1_epi8((char)0xF0);

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        /* Compute combined scale for the block */
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));

        __m256i bx_0 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);
        const __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[i].qh);
        __m128i bxhil = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bxhi);
        __m128i bxhih = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bxhi, 1);
        bxhil = _mm_andnot_si128(bxhil, mask);
        bxhih = _mm_andnot_si128(bxhih, mask);
        __m128i bxl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bx_0);
        __m128i bxh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bx_0, 1);
        bxl = _mm_or_si128(bxl, bxhil);
        bxh = _mm_or_si128(bxh, bxhih);
        bx_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(bxh, bxl);

        const __m256i by_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(bx_0, by_0);

        /* Multiply q with scale and accumulate */
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(d, q), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
    float sumf = 0.0;

    uint32_t qh;

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(qk/2);

    // These temporary registers are for masking and shift operations
    vuint32m2_t vt_1 = __riscv_vid_v_u32m2(vl);
    vuint32m2_t vt_2 = __riscv_vsll_vv_u32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(1, vl), vt_1, vl);

    vuint32m2_t vt_3 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(vt_2, 16, vl);
    vuint32m2_t vt_4 = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(vt_1, 12, vl);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(uint32_t));

        // ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
        vuint32m2_t xha_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m2(vt_2, qh, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xhr_0 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m2(xha_0, vt_1, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xhl_0 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(xhr_0, 4, vl);

        // ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));
        vuint32m2_t xha_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m2(vt_3, qh, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xhl_1 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m2(xha_1, vt_4, vl);

        // narrowing
        vuint16m1_t xhc_0 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m1(xhl_0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t xh_0 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8mf2(xhc_0, vl);

        vuint16m1_t xhc_1 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m1(xhl_1, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t xh_1 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8mf2(xhc_1, vl);

        // load
        vuint8mf2_t tx = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[i].qs, vl);

        vint8mf2_t y0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs, vl);
        vint8mf2_t y1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs+16, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t x_at = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x0F, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_lt = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x04, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t x_a = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(x_at, xh_0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_l = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(x_lt, xh_1, vl);

        vint8mf2_t x_ai = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_a);
        vint8mf2_t x_li = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_l);

        vint8mf2_t v0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(x_ai, 16, vl);
        vint8mf2_t v1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(x_li, 16, vl);

        vint16m1_t vec_mul1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v0, y0, vl);
        vint16m1_t vec_mul2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v1, y1, vl);

        vint32m1_t vec_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, vl);

        vint32m1_t vs1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul1, vec_zero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul2, vs1, vl);

        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d)) * sumi;
    }

    *s = sumf;
#else
    // scalar
    float sumf = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        uint32_t qh;
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(qh));

        int sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 0 ))) >> (j + 0 )) << 4;
            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh & (1u << (j + 16))) >> (j + 12));

            const int32_t x0 = ((x[i].qs[j] & 0x0F) | xh_0) - 16;
            const int32_t x1 = ((x[i].qs[j] >>   4) | xh_1) - 16;

            sumi += (x0 * y[i].qs[j]) + (x1 * y[i].qs[j + qk/2]);
        }

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d)) * sumi;
    }

    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    const int qk = QK8_1;
    const int nb = n / qk;

    assert(n % qk == 0);
    assert(qk == QK5_1);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q5_1 * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_1 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

    float summs0 = 0.0f;
    float summs1 = 0.0f;

    uint32_t qh0;
    uint32_t qh1;

    uint64_t tmp0[4];
    uint64_t tmp1[4];

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
        const block_q5_1 * restrict x0 = &x[i];
        const block_q5_1 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
        const block_q8_1 * restrict y0 = &y[i];
        const block_q8_1 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];

        const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0F);

        summs0 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);
        summs1 += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->s);

        // extract the 5th bit via lookup table ((b) << 4)
        memcpy(&qh0, x0->qh, sizeof(qh0));
        memcpy(&qh1, x1->qh, sizeof(qh1));

        tmp0[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp0[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh0 >> 24)       ];

        tmp1[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp1[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh1 >> 24)       ];

        const int8x16_t qhl0 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 0));
        const int8x16_t qhh0 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp0 + 2));
        const int8x16_t qhl1 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 0));
        const int8x16_t qhh1 = vld1q_s8((const int8_t *)(tmp1 + 2));

        const uint8x16_t v0_0 = vld1q_u8(x0->qs);
        const uint8x16_t v0_1 = vld1q_u8(x1->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        const int8x16_t v0_0l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_0, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_0h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_0, 4));
        const int8x16_t v0_1l = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (v0_1, m4b));
        const int8x16_t v0_1h = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(v0_1, 4));

        // add high bit
        const int8x16_t v0_0lf = vorrq_s8(v0_0l, qhl0);
        const int8x16_t v0_0hf = vorrq_s8(v0_0h, qhh0);
        const int8x16_t v0_1lf = vorrq_s8(v0_1l, qhl1);
        const int8x16_t v0_1hf = vorrq_s8(v0_1h, qhh1);

        // load y
        const int8x16_t v1_0l = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_0h = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t v1_1l = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
        const int8x16_t v1_1h = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);

        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0lf, v1_0l),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_0hf, v1_0h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1lf, v1_1l),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), v0_1hf, v1_1h))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
    }

    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1) + summs0 + summs1;
#elif defined(__wasm_simd128__)
    v128_t sumv = wasm_f32x4_splat(0.0f);

    float summs = 0.0f;

    uint32_t qh;
    uint64_t tmp[4];

    // TODO: check if unrolling this is better
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const block_q5_1 * restrict x0 = &x[i];
        const block_q8_1 * restrict y0 = &y[i];

        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->s);

        const v128_t m4b = wasm_i8x16_splat(0x0F);

        // extract the 5th bit
        memcpy(&qh, x0->qh, sizeof(qh));

        tmp[0] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  0) & 0xFF];
        tmp[1] = table_b2b_0[(qh >>  8) & 0xFF];
        tmp[2] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 16) & 0xFF];
        tmp[3] = table_b2b_0[(qh >> 24)       ];

        const v128_t qhl = wasm_v128_load(tmp + 0);
        const v128_t qhh = wasm_v128_load(tmp + 2);

        const v128_t v0 = wasm_v128_load(x0->qs);

        // 4-bit -> 8-bit
        const v128_t v0l = wasm_v128_and (v0, m4b);
        const v128_t v0h = wasm_u8x16_shr(v0, 4);

        // add high bit
        const v128_t v0lf = wasm_v128_or(v0l, qhl);
        const v128_t v0hf = wasm_v128_or(v0h, qhh);

        // load y
        const v128_t v1l = wasm_v128_load(y0->qs);
        const v128_t v1h = wasm_v128_load(y0->qs + 16);

        // int8x16 -> int16x8
        const v128_t v0lfl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v0lf);
        const v128_t v0lfh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v0lf);
        const v128_t v0hfl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v0hf);
        const v128_t v0hfh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v0hf);

        const v128_t v1ll = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v1l);
        const v128_t v1lh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v1l);
        const v128_t v1hl = wasm_i16x8_extend_low_i8x16 (v1h);
        const v128_t v1hh = wasm_i16x8_extend_high_i8x16(v1h);

        // dot product
        sumv = wasm_f32x4_add(sumv,
                wasm_f32x4_mul(wasm_f32x4_convert_i32x4(wasm_i32x4_add(
                            wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfl, v1ll),
                                           wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0lfh, v1lh)),
                            wasm_i32x4_add(wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfl, v1hl),
                                           wasm_i32x4_dot_i16x8(v0hfh, v1hh)))),
                    wasm_f32x4_splat(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d))));
    }

    *s = wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 0) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 1) +
         wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 2) + wasm_f32x4_extract_lane(sumv, 3) + summs;
#elif defined(__AVX2__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0.0f;

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));

        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);

        __m256i qx = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);
        __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[i].qh);
        bxhi = _mm256_and_si256(bxhi, _mm256_set1_epi8(0x10));
        qx = _mm256_or_si256(qx, bxhi);

        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));
        const __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(qx, qy);

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(q, _mm256_mul_ps(dx, dy), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
#elif defined(__AVX__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m128i mask = _mm_set1_epi8(0x10);

    float summs = 0.0f;

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        const __m256 dx = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));

        summs += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);

        __m256i bx_0 = bytes_from_nibbles_32(x[i].qs);
        const __m256i bxhi = bytes_from_bits_32(x[i].qh);
        __m128i bxhil = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bxhi);
        __m128i bxhih = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bxhi, 1);
        bxhil = _mm_and_si128(bxhil, mask);
        bxhih = _mm_and_si128(bxhih, mask);
        __m128i bxl = _mm256_castsi256_si128(bx_0);
        __m128i bxh = _mm256_extractf128_si256(bx_0, 1);
        bxl = _mm_or_si128(bxl, bxhil);
        bxh = _mm_or_si128(bxh, bxhih);
        bx_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(bxh, bxl);

        const __m256 dy = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));
        const __m256i by_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_us8_pairs_float(bx_0, by_0);

        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(q, _mm256_mul_ps(dx, dy)), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
    float sumf = 0.0;

    uint32_t qh;

    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(qk/2);

    // temporary registers for shift operations
    vuint32m2_t vt_1 = __riscv_vid_v_u32m2(vl);
    vuint32m2_t vt_2 = __riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(vt_1, 12, vl);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(uint32_t));

        // load qh
        vuint32m2_t vqh = __riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(qh, vl);

        // ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
        vuint32m2_t xhr_0 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m2(vqh, vt_1, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xhl_0 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(xhr_0, 4, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xha_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m2(xhl_0, 0x10, vl);

        // ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;
        vuint32m2_t xhr_1 = __riscv_vsrl_vv_u32m2(vqh, vt_2, vl);
        vuint32m2_t xha_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u32m2(xhr_1, 0x10, vl);

        // narrowing
        vuint16m1_t xhc_0 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m1(xha_0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t xh_0 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8mf2(xhc_0, vl);

        vuint16m1_t xhc_1 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u16m1(xha_1, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t xh_1 = __riscv_vncvt_x_x_w_u8mf2(xhc_1, vl);

        // load
        vuint8mf2_t tx = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(x[i].qs, vl);

        vint8mf2_t y0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs, vl);
        vint8mf2_t y1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(y[i].qs+16, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t x_at = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x0F, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_lt = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(tx, 0x04, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t x_a = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(x_at, xh_0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t x_l = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(x_lt, xh_1, vl);

        vint8mf2_t v0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_a);
        vint8mf2_t v1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(x_l);

        vint16m1_t vec_mul1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v0, y0, vl);
        vint16m1_t vec_mul2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(v1, y1, vl);

        vint32m1_t vec_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, vl);

        vint32m1_t vs1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul1, vec_zero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(vec_mul2, vs1, vl);

        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs2);

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#else
    // scalar
    float sumf = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        uint32_t qh;
        memcpy(&qh, x[i].qh, sizeof(qh));

        int sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk/2; ++j) {
            const uint8_t xh_0 = ((qh >> (j +  0)) << 4) & 0x10;
            const uint8_t xh_1 = ((qh >> (j + 12))     ) & 0x10;

            const int32_t x0 = (x[i].qs[j] & 0xF) | xh_0;
            const int32_t x1 = (x[i].qs[j] >>  4) | xh_1;

            sumi += (x0 * y[i].qs[j]) + (x1 * y[i].qs[j + qk/2]);
        }

        sumf += (GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d))*sumi + GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].m)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].s);
    }

    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    const int qk = QK8_0;
    const int nb = n / qk;

    assert(n % qk == 0);
#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    assert((nrc == 2) || (nrc == 1));
#else
    assert(nrc == 1);
#endif
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q8_0 * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_0 * restrict y = vy;

#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
    if (nrc == 2) {
        const block_q8_0 * restrict vx0 = vx;
        const block_q8_0 * restrict vx1 = vx + bx;
        const block_q8_0 * restrict vy0 = vy;
        const block_q8_0 * restrict vy1 = vy + by;

        float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

        for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_x0 = &vx0[i];
            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_y0 = &vy0[i];

            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_x1 = &vx1[i];
            const block_q8_0 * restrict b_y1 = &vy1[i];

            const int8x16_t x0_l = vld1q_s8(b_x0->qs);
            const int8x16_t x0_h = vld1q_s8(b_x0->qs + 16);
            const int8x16_t x1_l = vld1q_s8(b_x1->qs);
            const int8x16_t x1_h = vld1q_s8(b_x1->qs + 16);

            // load y
            const int8x16_t y0_l = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs);
            const int8x16_t y0_h = vld1q_s8(b_y0->qs + 16);
            const int8x16_t y1_l = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs);
            const int8x16_t y1_h = vld1q_s8(b_y1->qs + 16);

            float32x4_t scale = {GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
                             GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d),
                             GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y0->d),
                             GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(b_y1->d)};

            int8x16_t l0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));
            int8x16_t l1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_l)));

            int8x16_t l2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));
            int8x16_t l3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(x1_h)));

            int8x16_t r0 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));
            int8x16_t r1 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_l), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_l)));

            int8x16_t r2 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip1q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));
            int8x16_t r3 = vreinterpretq_s8_s64(vzip2q_s64(vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y0_h), vreinterpretq_s64_s8(y1_h)));

            sumv0 = vmlaq_f32(sumv0,(vcvtq_f32_s32(vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32((vmmlaq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), l0, r0)),
                                                                                       l1, r1)), l2, r2)), l3, r3))), scale);
        }
        float32x4_t sumv1 = vextq_f32(sumv0, sumv0, 2);
        float32x4_t sumv2 = vzip1q_f32(sumv0, sumv1);

        vst1_f32(s, vget_low_f32(sumv2));
        vst1_f32(s + bs, vget_high_f32(sumv2));
        return;
    }
#endif
#if defined(__ARM_NEON)
    float32x4_t sumv0 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);
    float32x4_t sumv1 = vdupq_n_f32(0.0f);

    assert(nb % 2 == 0); // TODO: handle odd nb

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i += 2) {
        const block_q8_0 * restrict x0 = &x[i + 0];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict x1 = &x[i + 1];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y0 = &y[i + 0];
        const block_q8_0 * restrict y1 = &y[i + 1];

        const int8x16_t x0_0 = vld1q_s8(x0->qs);
        const int8x16_t x0_1 = vld1q_s8(x0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t x1_0 = vld1q_s8(x1->qs);
        const int8x16_t x1_1 = vld1q_s8(x1->qs + 16);

        // load y
        const int8x16_t y0_0 = vld1q_s8(y0->qs);
        const int8x16_t y0_1 = vld1q_s8(y0->qs + 16);
        const int8x16_t y1_0 = vld1q_s8(y1->qs);
        const int8x16_t y1_1 = vld1q_s8(y1->qs + 16);

        sumv0 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv0, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_0, y0_0),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x0_1, y0_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));

        sumv1 = vmlaq_n_f32(sumv1, vcvtq_f32_s32(vaddq_s32(
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_0, y1_0),
                        ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), x1_1, y1_1))), GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x1->d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y1->d));
    }

    *s = vaddvq_f32(sumv0) + vaddvq_f32(sumv1);
#elif defined(__AVX2__) || defined(__AVX__)
    // Initialize accumulator with zeros
    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    // Main loop
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        // Compute combined scale for the block
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));
        __m256i qx = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)x[i].qs);
        __m256i qy = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);

        const __m256 q = mul_sum_i8_pairs_float(qx, qy);

        // Multiply q with scale and accumulate
#if defined(__AVX2__)
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps( d, q, acc );
#else
        acc = _mm256_add_ps( _mm256_mul_ps( d, q ), acc );
#endif
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);
#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
    float sumf = 0.0;
    size_t vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e8m1(qk);

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        // load elements
        vint8m1_t bx_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(x[i].qs, vl);
        vint8m1_t by_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(y[i].qs, vl);

        vint16m2_t vw_mul = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(bx_0, by_0, vl);

        vint32m1_t v_zero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, vl);
        vint32m1_t v_sum = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m2_i32m1(vw_mul, v_zero, vl);

        int sumi = __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(v_sum);

        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));
    }

    *s = sumf;
#else
    // scalar
    float sumf = 0.0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
        int sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < qk; j++) {
            sumi += x[i].qs[j]*y[i].qs[j];
        }

        sumf += sumi*(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i].d));
    }

    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

#if QK_K == 256
void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q2_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m3 = vdupq_n_u8(0x3);
    const uint8x16_t m4 = vdupq_n_u8(0xF);

    const int32x4_t vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x2_t q2bytes;
    uint8_t aux[16];

    float sum = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict sc = x[i].scales;

        const uint8x16_t mins_and_scales = vld1q_u8(sc);
        const uint8x16_t scales = vandq_u8(mins_and_scales, m4);
        vst1q_u8(aux, scales);

        const uint8x16_t mins = vshrq_n_u8(mins_and_scales, 4);
        const ggml_int16x8x2_t q8sums = ggml_vld1q_s16_x2(y[i].bsums);
        const ggml_int16x8x2_t mins16 = {{vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8(mins))), vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vmovl_u8(vget_high_u8(mins)))}};
        const int32x4_t s0 = vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (mins16.val[0]), vget_low_s16 (q8sums.val[0])),
                                       vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(mins16.val[0]), vget_high_s16(q8sums.val[0])));
        const int32x4_t s1 = vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (mins16.val[1]), vget_low_s16 (q8sums.val[1])),
                                       vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(mins16.val[1]), vget_high_s16(q8sums.val[1])));
        sum += dmin * vaddvq_s32(vaddq_s32(s0, s1));

        int isum = 0;
        int is = 0;

// We use this macro instead of a function call because for some reason
// the code runs 2-3% slower, even if the function is declared inline
#define MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(index)\
        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * aux[is+(index)];\
        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * aux[is+1+(index)];

#define SHIFT_MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(shift, index)\
        q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x2(q8); q8 += 32;\
        q2bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q2bits.val[0], (shift)), m3));\
        q2bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q2bits.val[1], (shift)), m3));\
        MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE((index));

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
            const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q2bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q2); q2 += 32;

            ggml_int8x16x2_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x2(q8); q8 += 32;
            q2bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q2bits.val[0], m3));
            q2bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q2bits.val[1], m3));

            MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(0);

            SHIFT_MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(2, 2);
            SHIFT_MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(4, 4);
            SHIFT_MULTIPLY_ACCUM_WITH_SCALE(6, 6);

            is += 8;
        }

        sum += d * isum;
    }

    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m3 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m128i mins_and_scales = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[i].scales);
        const __m128i scales8 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales, m4);
        const __m128i mins8 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales, 4), m4);
        const __m256i mins = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(mins8);
        const __m256i prod = _mm256_madd_epi16(mins, _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)y[i].bsums));

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dmin), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(prod), acc);

        const __m256i all_scales = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scales8);
        const __m128i l_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 0);
        const __m128i h_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 1);
        const __m256i scales[2] = {MM256_SET_M128I(l_scales, l_scales), MM256_SET_M128I(h_scales, h_scales)};

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            const __m256i q2bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q2); q2 += 32;

            const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            const __m256i q2_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q2bits, m3);
            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), m3);
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4), m3);
            const __m256i q2_3 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), m3);

            __m256i p0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_0, q8_0);
            __m256i p1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8_1);
            __m256i p2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8_2);
            __m256i p3 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_3, q8_3);

            p0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(0)), p0);
            p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(1)), p1);
            p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(2)), p2);
            p3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(3)), p3);

            p0 = _mm256_add_epi32(p0, p1);
            p2 = _mm256_add_epi32(p2, p3);

            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p0, p2));
        }

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m3 = _mm_set1_epi8(0x3);
    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(0x2);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        // load mins and scales from block_q2_K.scales[QK_K/16]
        const __m128i mins_and_scales = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[i].scales);
        const __m128i scales16 = _mm_and_si128(mins_and_scales, m4);
        const __m128i mins16 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(mins_and_scales, 4), m4);
        const __m128i mins_0 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(mins16);
        const __m128i mins_1 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(mins16, mins16));

        // summs = y[i].bsums * (x[i].scales >> 4) in 16bits*8*2 to 32bits*4*2
        const __m128i summs_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(mins_0, _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[0]));
        const __m128i summs_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(mins_1, _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[8]));

        // sumf += -dmin * summs in 32bits*8
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dmin), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(summs_1, summs_0))), acc);

        const __m128i scales_0 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scales16);
        const __m128i scales_1 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scales16, scales16));
        const __m128i scales[2] = { scales_0, scales_1 };

        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            // load Q8 quants int8*16*8 from block_q8_K.qs[QK_K]
            const __m128i q8_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_5 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_6 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_7 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;

            // load 2bits*16*8 from block_q2_K.qs[QK_K/4]
            __m128i q2bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q2); q2 += 16;
            const __m128i q2_0 = _mm_and_si128(q2bits, m3);
            const __m128i q2_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), m3);
            const __m128i q2_4 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4), m3);
            const __m128i q2_6 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), m3);
            q2bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q2); q2 += 16;
            const __m128i q2_1 = _mm_and_si128(q2bits, m3);
            const __m128i q2_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), m3);
            const __m128i q2_5 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4), m3);
            const __m128i q2_7 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), m3);

            // isuml = q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3) in 8bits*16*8 to 16bits*8*8
            __m128i p0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_0, q8_0);
            __m128i p1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8_1);
            __m128i p2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8_2);
            __m128i p3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_3, q8_3);
            __m128i p4 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_4, q8_4);
            __m128i p5 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_5, q8_5);
            __m128i p6 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_6, q8_6);
            __m128i p7 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_7, q8_7);

            // isum += (x[i].scales[is++] & 0xF) * isuml in 16bits*8*8 to 32bits*4*8
            __m128i shuffle = _mm_set1_epi16(0x0100);
            p0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p0);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p1);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p2);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p3);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p4 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p4);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p5 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p5);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p6 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p6);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p7 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p7);

            p0 = _mm_add_epi32(p0, p1);
            p2 = _mm_add_epi32(p2, p3);
            p4 = _mm_add_epi32(p4, p5);
            p6 = _mm_add_epi32(p6, p7);

            // isum in 32bits*4*2
            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p0, p2));
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p4, p6));
        }

        // sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs in 32bits
        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&dall), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    float sumf = 0;
    uint8_t temp_01[32] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
                            1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1};

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;

        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        size_t vl = 16;

        vuint8m1_t scales = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(sc, vl);
        vuint8m1_t aux = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(scales, 0x0F, vl);

        vint16m1_t q8sums = __riscv_vle16_v_i16m1(y[i].bsums, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t scales_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(sc, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t mins8 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(scales_2, 0x4, vl);
        vint16m1_t mins = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m1_i16m1(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16m1(mins8, vl));
        vint32m2_t prod = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m2(q8sums, mins, vl);
        vint32m1_t vsums = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(prod, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), vl);

        sumf  += dmin * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vsums);

        vl = 32;

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
        vuint8m1_t v_b = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(temp_01, vl);

        uint8_t is=0;
        int isum=0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
            // load Q2
            vuint8m1_t q2_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q2, vl);

            vuint8m1_t q2_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q2_x, 0x03, vl);
            vuint8m1_t q2_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q2_x, 0x2, vl), 0x03 , vl);
            vuint8m1_t q2_2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q2_x, 0x4, vl), 0x03 , vl);
            vuint8m1_t q2_3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q2_x, 0x6, vl), 0x03 , vl);

            // duplicate scale elements for product
            vuint8m1_t sc0 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(aux, __riscv_vadd_vx_u8m1(v_b, 0+is, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t sc1 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(aux, __riscv_vadd_vx_u8m1(v_b, 2+is, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t sc2 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(aux, __riscv_vadd_vx_u8m1(v_b, 4+is, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t sc3 = __riscv_vrgather_vv_u8m1(aux, __riscv_vadd_vx_u8m1(v_b, 6+is, vl), vl);

            vint16m2_t p0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m2(q2_0, sc0, vl));
            vint16m2_t p1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m2(q2_1, sc1, vl));
            vint16m2_t p2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m2(q2_2, sc2, vl));
            vint16m2_t p3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16m2_i16m2(__riscv_vwmulu_vv_u16m2(q2_3, sc3, vl));

            // load Q8
            vint8m1_t q8_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl);
            vint8m1_t q8_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl);
            vint8m1_t q8_2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+64, vl);
            vint8m1_t q8_3 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+96, vl);

            vint32m4_t s0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m4(p0, __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(q8_0, vl), vl);
            vint32m4_t s1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m4(p1, __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(q8_1, vl), vl);
            vint32m4_t s2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m4(p2, __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(q8_2, vl), vl);
            vint32m4_t s3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m4(p3, __riscv_vwcvt_x_x_v_i16m2(q8_3, vl), vl);

            vint32m1_t isum0 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m4_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m4(s0, s1, vl), vzero, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m4_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m4(s2, s3, vl), isum0, vl);

            isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(isum1);

            q2+=32;  q8+=128;  is=8;

        }

        sumf += dall * isum;

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;

        int summs = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
        }

        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        int isum = 0;
        int is = 0;
        int d;
        for (int k = 0; k < QK_K/128; ++k) {
            int shift = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
                int isuml = 0;
                for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
                isum += d * isuml;
                d = sc[is++] & 0xF;
                isuml = 0;
                for (int l = 16; l < 32; ++l) isuml += q8[l] * ((q2[l] >> shift) & 3);
                isum += d * isuml;
                shift += 2;
                q8 += 32;
            }
            q2 += 32;
        }
        sumf += dall * isum - dmin * summs;
    }
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

#else

void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q2_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m3 = vdupq_n_u8(0x3);

    const int32x4_t vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2bytes;

    uint32_t aux32[2];
    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    float sum = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d    =  y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint32_t * restrict sc = (const uint32_t *)x[i].scales;

        aux32[0] = sc[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f;
        aux32[1] = (sc[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;

        sum += dmin * (scales[4] * y[i].bsums[0] + scales[5] * y[i].bsums[1] + scales[6] * y[i].bsums[2] + scales[7] * y[i].bsums[3]);

        int isum1 = 0, isum2 = 0;

        const uint8x16_t q2bits = vld1q_u8(q2);

        const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8);

        q2bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q2bits, m3));
        q2bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q2bits, 2), m3));
        q2bytes.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q2bits, 4), m3));
        q2bytes.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q2bits, 6), m3));

        isum1 += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * scales[0];
        isum2 += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * scales[1];
        isum1 += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2])) * scales[2];
        isum2 += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * scales[3];

        sum += d * (isum1 + isum2);
    }

    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m3 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    uint32_t ud, um;
    const uint8_t * restrict db = (const uint8_t *)&ud;
    const uint8_t * restrict mb = (const uint8_t *)&um;

    float summs = 0;

    // TODO: optimize this

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint32_t * restrict sc = (const uint32_t *)x[i].scales;
        ud = (sc[0] >> 0) & 0x0f0f0f0f;
        um = (sc[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;

        int32_t smin = mb[0] * y[i].bsums[0] + mb[1] * y[i].bsums[1] + mb[2] * y[i].bsums[2] + mb[3] * y[i].bsums[3];
        summs += dmin * smin;

        const __m128i q2bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q2);
        const __m256i q2_0 = _mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), q2bits), m3);
        const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4)), m3);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m256i p0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_0, q8_0);
        const __m256i p1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8_1);

        const __m256i p_0 = _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(p0, 0));
        const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(p0, 1));
        const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(p1, 0));
        const __m256i p_3 = _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_extracti128_si256(p1, 1));

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[0]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_0), acc);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[1]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1), acc);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[2]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_2), acc);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[3]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_3), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m3 = _mm_set1_epi8(3);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    uint32_t ud, um;
    const uint8_t * restrict db = (const uint8_t *)&ud;
    const uint8_t * restrict mb = (const uint8_t *)&um;

    float summs = 0;

    // TODO: optimize this

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint32_t * restrict sc = (const uint32_t *)x[i].scales;
        ud = (sc[0] >> 0) & 0x0f0f0f0f;
        um = (sc[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;

        int32_t smin = mb[0] * y[i].bsums[0] + mb[1] * y[i].bsums[1] + mb[2] * y[i].bsums[2] + mb[3] * y[i].bsums[3];
        summs += dmin * smin;

        const __m128i q2bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q2);
        const __m128i q2_0 = _mm_and_si128(q2bits, m3);
        const __m128i q2_1 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 2), m3);
        const __m128i q2_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 4), m3);
        const __m128i q2_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q2bits, 6), m3);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m128i p0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        const __m128i p1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        const __m128i p2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        const __m128i p3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q2_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        const __m256i p_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p0, p0)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p0));
        const __m256i p_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p1, p1)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p1));
        const __m256i p_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p2, p2)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p2));
        const __m256i p_3 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(p3, p3)), _mm_cvtepi16_epi32(p3));

        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[0]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_0)), acc);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[1]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1)), acc);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[2]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_2)), acc);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d * db[3]), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_3)), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    uint32_t aux32[2];
    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d    =  y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint32_t * restrict sc = (const uint32_t *)x[i].scales;

        aux32[0] = sc[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f;
        aux32[1] = (sc[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f;

        sumf += dmin * (scales[4] * y[i].bsums[0] + scales[5] * y[i].bsums[1] + scales[6] * y[i].bsums[2] + scales[7] * y[i].bsums[3]);

        int isum1 = 0;
        int isum2 = 0;

        size_t vl = 16;

        vint16m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);

        // load Q2
        vuint8mf2_t q2_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q2, vl);

        vint8mf2_t q2_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q2_x, 0x03, vl));
        vint8mf2_t q2_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q2_x, 0x2, vl), 0x03 , vl));
        vint8mf2_t q2_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q2_x, 0x4, vl), 0x03 , vl));
        vint8mf2_t q2_3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q2_x, 0x6, vl), 0x03 , vl));

        // load Q8, and take product with Q2
        vint16m1_t p0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q2_0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q2_1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+16, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q2_2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+32, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q2_3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+48, vl), vl);

        vint16m1_t vs_0 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m1_i16m1(p0, vzero, vl);
        vint16m1_t vs_1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m1_i16m1(p1, vzero, vl);
        vint16m1_t vs_2 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m1_i16m1(p2, vzero, vl);
        vint16m1_t vs_3 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m1_i16m1(p3, vzero, vl);

        isum1 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_0) * scales[0];
        isum2 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_1) * scales[1];
        isum1 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_2) * scales[2];
        isum2 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_3) * scales[3];

        sumf += d * (isum1 + isum2);

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    float sumf = 0;

    int isum[QK_K/16];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * q2 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * sc = x[i].scales;

        int summs = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            summs += y[i].bsums[j] * (sc[j] >> 4);
        }

        const float dall = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        memset(isum, 0, (QK_K/16)*sizeof(int));
        for (int l =  0; l < 16; ++l) {
            isum[0] += q8[l+ 0] * ((q2[l] >> 0) & 3);
            isum[1] += q8[l+16] * ((q2[l] >> 2) & 3);
            isum[2] += q8[l+32] * ((q2[l] >> 4) & 3);
            isum[3] += q8[l+48] * ((q2[l] >> 6) & 3);
        }
        for (int l = 0; l < QK_K/16; ++l) {
            isum[l] *= (sc[l] & 0xF);
        }
        sumf += dall * (isum[0] + isum[1] + isum[2] + isum[3]) - dmin * summs;
    }
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}
#endif

#if QK_K == 256
void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x03030303;
    const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;

    const block_q3_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON

    uint32_t aux[3];
    uint32_t utmp[4];

    const uint8x16_t m3b = vdupq_n_u8(0x3);
    const int32x4_t  vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    const uint8x16_t m0 = vdupq_n_u8(1);
    const uint8x16_t m1 = vshlq_n_u8(m0, 1);
    const uint8x16_t m2 = vshlq_n_u8(m0, 2);
    const uint8x16_t m3 = vshlq_n_u8(m0, 3);
    const int8_t m32 = 32;

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q3bytes;

    float sum = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].hmask;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        ggml_uint8x16x2_t qhbits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(qh);

        ggml_uint8x16x4_t q3h;

        int32_t isum = 0;

        // Set up scales
        memcpy(aux, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((aux[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[2] = ((aux[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[1] = (aux[1] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[0] = (aux[0] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);

        int8_t * scale = (int8_t *)utmp;
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) scale[j] -= m32;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q3bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q3); q3 += 32;
            const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes_1 = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;
            const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes_2 = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            q3h.val[0] = vshlq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m0, qhbits.val[0]), 2);
            q3h.val[1] = vshlq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m0, qhbits.val[1]), 2);
            q3h.val[2] = vshlq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m1, qhbits.val[0]), 1);
            q3h.val[3] = vshlq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m1, qhbits.val[1]), 1);

            q3bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q3bits.val[0], m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[0]));
            q3bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q3bits.val[1], m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[1]));
            q3bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[0], 2), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[2]));
            q3bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[1], 2), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[3]));

            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[0], q8bytes_1.val[0])) * scale[0];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[1], q8bytes_1.val[1])) * scale[1];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[2], q8bytes_1.val[2])) * scale[2];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[3], q8bytes_1.val[3])) * scale[3];

            scale += 4;

            q3h.val[0] = vbicq_u8(m2, qhbits.val[0]);
            q3h.val[1] = vbicq_u8(m2, qhbits.val[1]);
            q3h.val[2] = vshrq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m3, qhbits.val[0]), 1);
            q3h.val[3] = vshrq_n_u8(vbicq_u8(m3, qhbits.val[1]), 1);

            q3bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[0], 4), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[0]));
            q3bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[1], 4), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[1]));
            q3bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[0], 6), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[2]));
            q3bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits.val[1], 6), m3b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q3h.val[3]));

            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[0], q8bytes_2.val[0])) * scale[0];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[1], q8bytes_2.val[1])) * scale[1];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[2], q8bytes_2.val[2])) * scale[2];
            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[3], q8bytes_2.val[3])) * scale[3];

            scale += 4;

            if (j == 0) {
                qhbits.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[0], 4);
                qhbits.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[1], 4);
            }

        }
        sum += d * isum;

    }

    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m3 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m256i mone = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);
    const __m128i m32 = _mm_set1_epi8(32);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    uint32_t aux[3];

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        // Set up scales
        memcpy(aux, x[i].scales, 12);
        __m128i scales128 = _mm_set_epi32(
                ((aux[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 6) & kmask1) << 4),
                ((aux[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 4) & kmask1) << 4),
                (aux[1] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 2) & kmask1) << 4),
                (aux[0] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 0) & kmask1) << 4));
        scales128 = _mm_sub_epi8(scales128, m32);
        const __m256i all_scales = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scales128);
        const __m128i l_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 0);
        const __m128i h_scales = _mm256_extracti128_si256(all_scales, 1);
        const __m256i scales[2] = {MM256_SET_M128I(l_scales, l_scales), MM256_SET_M128I(h_scales, h_scales)};

        // high bit
        const __m256i hbits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)x[i].hmask);

        // integer accumulator
        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        int bit = 0;
        int is  = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
            // load low 2 bits
            const __m256i q3bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q3); q3 += 32;

            // prepare low and high bits
            const __m256i q3l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q3bits, m3);
            const __m256i q3h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(hbits, _mm256_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);
            ++bit;

            const __m256i q3l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q3bits, 2), m3);
            const __m256i q3h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(hbits, _mm256_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);
            ++bit;

            const __m256i q3l_2 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q3bits, 4), m3);
            const __m256i q3h_2 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(hbits, _mm256_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);
            ++bit;

            const __m256i q3l_3 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q3bits, 6), m3);
            const __m256i q3h_3 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(hbits, _mm256_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);
            ++bit;

            // load Q8 quants
            const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            // Dot product: we multiply the 2 low bits and 1 high bit part separately, so we can use _mm256_maddubs_epi16,
            // and then subtract. The high bit part has the 2 already subtracted (and so, it is zero if the high bit was not set,
            // and 2 if the high bit was set)
            __m256i q8s_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_0, q8_0);
            __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_1, q8_1);
            __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_2, q8_2);
            __m256i q8s_3 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_3, q8_3);

            __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_0, q8_0);
            __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_1, q8_1);
            __m256i p16_2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_2, q8_2);
            __m256i p16_3 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_3, q8_3);

            p16_0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
            p16_1 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
            p16_2 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
            p16_3 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);

            // multiply with scales
            p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(is + 0)), p16_0);
            p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(is + 1)), p16_1);
            p16_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(is + 2)), p16_2);
            p16_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], get_scale_shuffle_q3k(is + 3)), p16_3);

            // accumulate
            p16_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1);
            p16_2 = _mm256_add_epi32(p16_2, p16_3);
            sumi  = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));

        }

        // multiply with block scale and accumulate
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m3 = _mm_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m128i mone = _mm_set1_epi8(1);
    const __m128i m32 = _mm_set1_epi8(32);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(2);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    const uint32_t *aux;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        // Set up scales
        aux = (const uint32_t *)x[i].scales;
        __m128i scales128 = _mm_set_epi32(
                ((aux[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 6) & kmask1) << 4),
                ((aux[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 4) & kmask1) << 4),
                (aux[1] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 2) & kmask1) << 4),
                (aux[0] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 0) & kmask1) << 4));
        scales128 = _mm_sub_epi8(scales128, m32);
        const __m128i scales_0 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scales128);
        const __m128i scales_1 = _mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scales128, scales128));
        const __m128i scales[2] = { scales_0, scales_1 };

        // high bit *128*2 from block_q3_K.hmask[QK_K/8]
        const __m128i hbits_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&x[i].hmask[0]);
        const __m128i hbits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&x[i].hmask[16]);

        // integer accumulator
        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
            // load low 2 bits *64*2 from block_q3_K.qs[QK_K/4]
            const __m128i q3bits_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q3); q3 += 16;
            const __m128i q3bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q3); q3 += 16;

            // prepare low and high bits
            const int bit = j << 2;

            const __m128i q3l_0 = _mm_and_si128(q3bits_0, m3);
            const __m128i q3l_1 = _mm_and_si128(q3bits_1, m3);
            const __m128i q3h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_0, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);
            const __m128i q3h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_1, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit)), bit), 2);

            const __m128i q3l_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_0, 2), m3);
            const __m128i q3l_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_1, 2), m3);
            const __m128i q3h_2 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_0, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+1)), bit+1), 2);
            const __m128i q3h_3 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_1, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+1)), bit+1), 2);

            const __m128i q3l_4 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_0, 4), m3);
            const __m128i q3l_5 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_1, 4), m3);
            const __m128i q3h_4 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_0, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+2)), bit+2), 2);
            const __m128i q3h_5 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_1, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+2)), bit+2), 2);

            const __m128i q3l_6 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_0, 6), m3);
            const __m128i q3l_7 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits_1, 6), m3);
            const __m128i q3h_6 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_0, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+3)), bit+3), 2);
            const __m128i q3h_7 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(hbits_1, _mm_slli_epi16(mone, bit+3)), bit+3), 2);

            // load Q8 quants from block_q8_K.qs[QK_K]
            const __m128i q8_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_5 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_6 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_7 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;

            // Dot product: we multiply the 2 low bits and 1 high bit part separately, so we can use _mm256_maddubs_epi16,
            // and then subtract. The high bit part has the 2 already subtracted (and so, it is zero if the high bit was not set,
            // and 2 if the high bit was set)
            __m128i q8s_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_0, q8_0);
            __m128i q8s_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_1, q8_1);
            __m128i q8s_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_2, q8_2);
            __m128i q8s_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_3, q8_3);
            __m128i q8s_4 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_4, q8_4);
            __m128i q8s_5 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_5, q8_5);
            __m128i q8s_6 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_6, q8_6);
            __m128i q8s_7 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_7, q8_7);

            __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_0, q8_0);
            __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_1, q8_1);
            __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_2, q8_2);
            __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_3, q8_3);
            __m128i p16_4 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_4, q8_4);
            __m128i p16_5 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_5, q8_5);
            __m128i p16_6 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_6, q8_6);
            __m128i p16_7 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_7, q8_7);

            p16_0 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
            p16_1 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
            p16_2 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
            p16_3 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);
            p16_4 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_4, q8s_4);
            p16_5 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_5, q8s_5);
            p16_6 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_6, q8s_6);
            p16_7 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_7, q8s_7);

            // multiply with scales
            __m128i shuffle = _mm_set1_epi16(0x0100);
            p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_0);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_1);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_2);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_3);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_4 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_4);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_5 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_5);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_6 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_6);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            p16_7 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales[j], shuffle), p16_7);

            // accumulate
            p16_0 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1);
            p16_2 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_2, p16_3);
            p16_4 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_4, p16_5);
            p16_6 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_6, p16_7);
            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_4, p16_6));

        }

        // multiply with block scale and accumulate
        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    uint32_t aux[3];
    uint32_t utmp[4];

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].hmask;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        memcpy(aux, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((aux[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[2] = ((aux[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[1] = (aux[1] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
        utmp[0] = (aux[0] & kmask2) | (((aux[2] >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);

        int8_t * scale = (int8_t *)utmp;
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) scale[j] -= 32;


        size_t vl = 32;
        uint8_t m =  1;

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
        vuint8m1_t vqh = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(qh, vl);

        int sum_t = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {

            vl = 32;

            // load Q3
            vuint8m1_t q3_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q3, vl);

            vint8m1_t q3_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q3_x, 0x03, vl));
            vint8m1_t q3_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q3_x, 0x2, vl), 0x03 , vl));
            vint8m1_t q3_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q3_x, 0x4, vl), 0x03 , vl));
            vint8m1_t q3_3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q3_x, 0x6, vl), 0x03 , vl));

            // compute mask for subtraction
            vuint8m1_t qh_m0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_0 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m0, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q3_m0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_0, q3_0, 0x4, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            vuint8m1_t qh_m1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_1 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m1, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q3_m1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_1, q3_1, 0x4, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            vuint8m1_t qh_m2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_2 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m2, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q3_m2 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_2, q3_2, 0x4, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            vuint8m1_t qh_m3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_3 = __riscv_vmseq_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m3, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q3_m3 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_3, q3_3, 0x4, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            // load Q8 and take product with Q3
            vint16m2_t a0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q3_m0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t a1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q3_m1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t a2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q3_m2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+64, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t a3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q3_m3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+96, vl), vl);

            vl = 16;

            // retrieve lane to multiply with scale
            vint32m2_t aux0_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a0, 0), (scale[0]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux0_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a0, 1), (scale[1]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux1_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a1, 0), (scale[2]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux1_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a1, 1), (scale[3]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux2_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a2, 0), (scale[4]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux2_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a2, 1), (scale[5]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux3_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a3, 0), (scale[6]), vl);
            vint32m2_t aux3_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(a3, 1), (scale[7]), vl);

            vint32m1_t isum0 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(aux0_0, aux0_1, vl), vzero, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(aux1_0, aux1_1, vl), isum0, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum2 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(aux2_0, aux2_1, vl), isum1, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum3 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(aux3_0, aux3_1, vl), isum2, vl);

            sum_t +=  __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(isum3);

            q3 += 32;    q8 += 128;   scale += 8;

        }

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;

        sumf += d*sum_t;

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else
    // scalar version
    // This function is written like this so the compiler can manage to vectorize most of it
    // Using -Ofast, GCC and clang manage to produce code that is within a factor of 2 or so from the
    // manually vectorized version above. Every other version I tried would run at least 4 times slower.
    // The ideal situation would be if we could just write the code once, and the compiler would
    // automatically produce the best possible set of machine instructions, instead of us having to manually
    // write vectorized versions for AVX, ARM_NEON, etc.

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    uint32_t auxs[4];
    const int8_t * scales = (const int8_t*)auxs;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].hmask;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        uint8_t m = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = q3[l] & 3;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 2) & 3;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 4) & 3;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (q3[l] >> 6) & 3;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 4);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            q3 += 32;
        }
        a = aux8;

        memcpy(auxs, x[i].scales, 12);
        uint32_t tmp = auxs[2];
        auxs[2] = ((auxs[0] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 4) & kmask1) << 4);
        auxs[3] = ((auxs[1] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 6) & kmask1) << 4);
        auxs[0] = (auxs[0] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 0) & kmask1) << 4);
        auxs[1] = (auxs[1] & kmask2) | (((tmp >> 2) & kmask1) << 4);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += (scales[j] - 32) * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;

#endif

}

#else

void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q3_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const int32x4_t vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    const uint8x16_t m3b = vdupq_n_u8(0x3);
    const uint8x16_t mh  = vdupq_n_u8(4);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q3bytes;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    int8_t * scales = (int8_t *)aux16;

    float sum = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        ggml_uint8x16x4_t q3h;

        const uint8x8_t  hbits    = vld1_u8(x[i].hmask);
        const uint8x16_t q3bits   = vld1q_u8(x[i].qs);
        const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(y[i].qs);

        const uint16_t a = *(const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) scales[j] -= 8;

        int32_t isum = -4*(scales[0] * y[i].bsums[0] + scales[2] * y[i].bsums[1] + scales[1] * y[i].bsums[2] + scales[3] * y[i].bsums[3]);

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8x16_t htmp = vcombine_u8(hbits, vshr_n_u8(hbits, 1));
        q3h.val[0] = vandq_u8(mh, vshlq_n_u8(htmp, 2));
        q3h.val[1] = vandq_u8(mh, htmp);
        q3h.val[2] = vandq_u8(mh, vshrq_n_u8(htmp, 2));
        q3h.val[3] = vandq_u8(mh, vshrq_n_u8(htmp, 4));

        q3bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q3bits, m3b),                q3h.val[0]));
        q3bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits, 2), m3b), q3h.val[1]));
        q3bytes.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits, 4), m3b), q3h.val[2]));
        q3bytes.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q3bits, 6),                q3h.val[3]));

        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * scales[0];
        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * scales[2];
        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2])) * scales[1];
        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q3bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * scales[3];

        sum += d * isum;

    }

    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m3 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m256i m1 = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    uint64_t aux64;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    const int8_t * aux8 = (const int8_t *)aux16;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint16_t a = *(const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        const __m256i scale_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[2] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[0] - 8));
        const __m256i scale_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(aux8[3] - 8), _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[1] - 8));

        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].hmask, 8);

        const __m128i haux = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64 >> 0);
        __m256i q3h_0 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(haux, 2), haux);
        __m256i q3h_1 = _mm256_srli_epi16(q3h_0, 4);
        q3h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(q3h_0, m1), 2);
        q3h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(q3h_1, m1), 2);

        // load low 2 bits
        const __m128i q3bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q3);

        // prepare low and high bits
        const __m256i q3aux  = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 2), q3bits);
        const __m256i q3l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q3aux, m3);
        const __m256i q3l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q3aux, 4), m3);

        // load Q8 quants
        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        // Dot product: we multiply the 2 low bits and 1 high bit part separately, so we can use _mm256_maddubs_epi16,
        // and then subtract. The high bit part has the 2 already subtracted (and so, it is zero if the high bit was not set,
        // and 2 if the high bit was set)
        const __m256i q8s_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_0, q8_0);
        const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3h_1, q8_1);

        __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_0, q8_0);
        __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q3l_1, q8_1);

        p16_0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
        p16_1 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);

        // multiply with scales
        p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_0, p16_0);
        p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_1, p16_1);

        p16_0 = _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1);

        // multiply with block scale and accumulate
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p16_0), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m3 = _mm_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m128i m1 = _mm_set1_epi8(1);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    uint64_t aux64;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    const int8_t * aux8 = (const int8_t *)aux16;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint16_t a = *(const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[0] - 8);
        const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[2] - 8);
        const __m128i scale_2 = _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[1] - 8);
        const __m128i scale_3 = _mm_set1_epi16(aux8[3] - 8);

        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].hmask, 8);

        __m128i q3h_0 = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64 >> 0);
        __m128i q3h_1 = _mm_srli_epi16(q3h_0, 2);
        __m128i q3h_2 = _mm_srli_epi16(q3h_0, 4);
        __m128i q3h_3 = _mm_srli_epi16(q3h_0, 6);
        q3h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(q3h_0, m1), 2);
        q3h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(q3h_1, m1), 2);
        q3h_2 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(q3h_2, m1), 2);
        q3h_3 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(q3h_3, m1), 2);

        // load low 2 bits
        const __m128i q3bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q3);

        // prepare low and high bits
        const __m128i q3l_0 = _mm_and_si128(q3bits, m3);
        const __m128i q3l_1 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 2), m3);
        const __m128i q3l_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 4), m3);
        const __m128i q3l_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q3bits, 6), m3);

        // load Q8 quants
        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        // Dot product: we multiply the 2 low bits and 1 high bit part separately, so we can use _mm_maddubs_epi16,
        // and then subtract. The high bit part has the 2 already subtracted (and so, it is zero if the high bit was not set,
        // and 2 if the high bit was set)
        const __m128i q8s_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        const __m128i q8s_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        const __m128i q8s_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        const __m128i q8s_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3h_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q3l_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        p16_0 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
        p16_1 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
        p16_2 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
        p16_3 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);

        // multiply with scales
        p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_0, p16_0);
        p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_1, p16_1);
        p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_2, p16_2);
        p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_3, p16_3);

        p16_0 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2);
        p16_1 = _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3);
        __m256i p16 = MM256_SET_M128I(p16_1, p16_0);

        // multiply with block scale and accumulate
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p16)), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    int8_t * scales = (int8_t *)aux16;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint16_t a = *(const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) scales[j] -= 8;

        int32_t isum = -4*(scales[0] * y[i].bsums[0] + scales[2] * y[i].bsums[1] + scales[1] * y[i].bsums[2] + scales[3] * y[i].bsums[3]);

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);

        // load qh
        vuint8mf4_t qh_x1   = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(x[i].hmask, 8);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_x2   = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf4(qh_x1, 1, 8));

        size_t vl = 16;

        // extend and combine both qh_x1 and qh_x2
        vuint8mf2_t qh_x = __riscv_vslideup_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8mf2(qh_x1), qh_x2, vl/2, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t qh_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl), 0x4, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x4, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl), 0x4, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x4, vl), 0x4, vl);

        // load Q3
        vuint8mf2_t q3_x  = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q3, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t q3h_0 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q3_x, 0x3, vl), qh_0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q3h_1 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q3_x, 2, vl), 0x3, vl), qh_1, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q3h_2 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q3_x, 4, vl), 0x3, vl), qh_2, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q3h_3 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q3_x, 0x6, vl), qh_3, vl);

        vint8mf2_t q3_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q3h_0);
        vint8mf2_t q3_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q3h_1);
        vint8mf2_t q3_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q3h_2);
        vint8mf2_t q3_3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q3h_3);

        // load Q8 and take product with Q3
        vint16m1_t p0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q3_0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q3_1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+16, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q3_2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+32, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q3_3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+48, vl), vl);

        vint32m1_t vs_0 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p0, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p1, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p2, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_3 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p3, vzero, vl);

        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_0) * scales[0];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_1) * scales[2];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_2) * scales[1];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_3) * scales[3];

        sumf += d * isum;

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    int32_t scales[4];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].hmask;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) {
            a[l+ 0] = (int8_t)((q3[l+0] >> 0) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x01 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+ 8] = (int8_t)((q3[l+8] >> 0) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x02 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+16] = (int8_t)((q3[l+0] >> 2) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x04 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+24] = (int8_t)((q3[l+8] >> 2) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x08 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+32] = (int8_t)((q3[l+0] >> 4) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x10 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+40] = (int8_t)((q3[l+8] >> 4) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x20 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+48] = (int8_t)((q3[l+0] >> 6) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x40 ? 0 : 4);
            a[l+56] = (int8_t)((q3[l+8] >> 6) & 3) - (hm[l] & 0x80 ? 0 : 4);
        }

        scales[0] = (x[i].scales[0] & 0xF) - 8;
        scales[1] = (x[i].scales[0] >>  4) - 8;
        scales[2] = (x[i].scales[1] & 0xF) - 8;
        scales[3] = (x[i].scales[1] >>  4) - 8;

        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] += q8[l] * a[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scales[j] * aux16[l];
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;

#endif

}
#endif

#if QK_K == 256
void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q4_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;

    uint32_t utmp[4];

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);
    const int32x4_t mzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x2_t q4bytes;
    ggml_int8x16x2_t q8bytes;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const int16x8_t q8sums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums), vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8));

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);

        uint32x2_t mins8 = { 0 };
        mins8 = vset_lane_u32(utmp[1] & kmask1, mins8, 0);
        mins8 = vset_lane_u32(((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4), mins8, 1);

        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        const int16x8_t mins = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vmovl_u8(vreinterpret_u8_u32(mins8)));
        const int32x4_t prod = vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (q8sums), vget_low_s16 (mins)),
                                         vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums), vget_high_s16(mins)));
        sumf -= dmin * vaddvq_s32(prod);

        const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)utmp;

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        int32_t sumi1 = 0;
        int32_t sumi2 = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
            const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q4bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q4); q4 += 32;

            q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x2(q8); q8 += 32;
            q4bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[0], m4b));
            q4bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[1], m4b));

            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q4bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0]), q4bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1]);
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * scales[2*j+0];

            q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x2(q8); q8 += 32;
            q4bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[0], 4));
            q4bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[1], 4));

            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q4bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0]), q4bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1]);

            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * scales[2*j+1];
        }

        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);

    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m128 acc_m = _mm_setzero_ps();

   for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m256i mins_and_scales = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_set_epi32(utmp[3], utmp[2], utmp[1], utmp[0]));

        const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)y[i].bsums);
        const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
        const __m128i prod = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 1), q8s);
        acc_m = _mm_fmadd_ps(_mm_set1_ps(dmin), _mm_cvtepi32_ps(prod), acc_m);

        const __m128i sc128  = _mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 0);
        const __m256i scales = MM256_SET_M128I(sc128, sc128);

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {

            const __m256i scale_l = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle_k4(2*j+0));
            const __m256i scale_h = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle_k4(2*j+1));

            const __m256i q4bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4); q4 += 32;
            const __m256i q4l = _mm256_and_si256(q4bits, m4);
            const __m256i q4h = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits, 4), m4);

            const __m256i q8l = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            __m256i p16l = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4l, q8l);
            p16l = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_l, p16l);

            const __m256i q8h = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            __m256i p16h = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4h, q8h);
            p16h = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_h, p16h);
            const __m256i sumj = _mm256_add_epi32(p16l, p16h);

            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, sumj);
        }

        __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);

    }

    acc_m = _mm_add_ps(acc_m, _mm_movehl_ps(acc_m, acc_m));
    acc_m = _mm_add_ss(acc_m, _mm_movehdup_ps(acc_m));

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + _mm_cvtss_f32(acc_m);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(0x2);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m128 acc_m = _mm_setzero_ps();

   for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        const __m128i utmps = _mm_set_epi32(utmp[3], utmp[2], utmp[1], utmp[0]);
        const __m128i scales = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(utmps);
        const __m128i mins = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(utmps, utmps));

        const __m128i q8sums_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[0]);
        const __m128i q8sums_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[8]);
        const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(q8sums_0, q8sums_1);
        const __m128i prod = _mm_madd_epi16(mins, q8s);
        acc_m = _mm_add_ps(_mm_mul_ps(_mm_set1_ps(dmin), _mm_cvtepi32_ps(prod)), acc_m);

        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        __m128i shuffle = _mm_set1_epi16(0x0100);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {

            const __m128i scale_l = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            const __m128i scale_h = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);

            __m128i q4bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;
            const __m128i q4l_0 = _mm_and_si128(q4bits, m4);
            const __m128i q4h_0 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits, 4), m4);
            q4bits = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;
            const __m128i q4l_1 = _mm_and_si128(q4bits, m4);
            const __m128i q4h_1 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits, 4), m4);

            const __m128i q8l_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            __m128i p16l = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4l_0, q8l_0);
            p16l = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_l, p16l);
            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, p16l);
            const __m128i q8l_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            p16l = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4l_1, q8l_1);
            p16l = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_l, p16l);
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, p16l);

            const __m128i q8h_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            __m128i p16h = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4h_0, q8h_0);
            p16h = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_h, p16h);
            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, p16h);
            const __m128i q8h_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            p16h = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4h_1, q8h_1);
            p16h = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_h, p16h);
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, p16h);

        }

        __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);

    }

    acc_m = _mm_add_ps(acc_m, _mm_movehl_ps(acc_m, acc_m));
    acc_m = _mm_add_ss(acc_m, _mm_movehdup_ps(acc_m));

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + _mm_cvtss_f32(acc_m);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        size_t vl = 8;

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        vint16mf2_t q8sums_0 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums, 4, vl);
        vint16mf2_t q8sums_1 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums+1, 4, vl);
        vint16mf2_t q8sums   = __riscv_vadd_vv_i16mf2(q8sums_0, q8sums_1, vl);

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        vuint8mf4_t mins8  = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(mins, vl);
        vint16mf2_t v_mins = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16mf2_i16mf2(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16mf2(mins8, vl));
        vint32m1_t  prod   = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m1(q8sums, v_mins, vl);

        vint32m1_t sumi = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m1_i32m1(prod, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), vl);
        sumf -= dmin * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumi);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        vl = 32;

        int32_t sum_1 = 0;
        int32_t sum_2 = 0;

        vint16m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
            // load Q4
            vuint8m1_t q4_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q4, vl);

            // load Q8 and multiply it with lower Q4 nibble
            vint8m1_t  q8_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl);
            vint8m1_t  q4_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q4_x, 0x0F, vl));
            vint16m2_t qv_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q4_0, q8_0, vl);
            vint16m1_t vs_0 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m2_i16m1(qv_0, vzero, vl);

            sum_1 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_0) * scales[2*j+0];

            // load Q8 and multiply it with upper Q4 nibble
            vint8m1_t  q8_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl);
            vint8m1_t  q4_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q4_x, 0x04, vl));
            vint16m2_t qv_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q4_1, q8_1, vl);
            vint16m1_t vs_1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m2_i16m1(qv_1, vzero, vl);

            sum_2 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(vs_1) * scales[2*j+1];

            q4 += 32;    q8 += 64;

        }

        sumf += d*(sum_1 + sum_2);

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else


    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
            a += 32;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
            a += 32; q4 += 32;
        }
        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        int sumi = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
        a = aux8;
        int is = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}
#else
void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q4_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);

    const int32x4_t mzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    float sumf = 0;

    ggml_int8x16x2_t q4bytes;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes;

    float sum_mins = 0.f;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    const uint8_t * restrict scales = (const uint8_t *)aux16;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint16_t * restrict a = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a[0] & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        const int32_t summi = scales[2] * (y[i].bsums[0] + y[i].bsums[1]) + scales[3] * (y[i].bsums[2] + y[i].bsums[3]);
        sum_mins += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]) * summi;

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]);

        const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q4bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q4);

        q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8);
        q4bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[0], m4b));
        q4bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[1], m4b));

        const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q4bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0]), q4bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1]);
        const int32_t sumi1 = vaddvq_s32(p1) * scales[0];

        q4bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[0], 4));
        q4bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[1], 4));

        const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q4bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[2]), q4bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[3]);
        const int32_t sumi2 = vaddvq_s32(p2) * scales[1];

        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
    }

    *s = sumf - sum_mins;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)aux16;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]) * y[i].d;
        const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]) * y[i].d;
        const __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);

        const uint16_t * a = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a[0] & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        summs += m * (scales[2] * (y[i].bsums[0] + y[i].bsums[1]) + scales[3] * (y[i].bsums[2] + y[i].bsums[3]));

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m256i q4bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4);
        const __m256i q4l = _mm256_and_si256(q4bits, m4);
        const __m256i q4h = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits, 4), m4);

        const __m256i q8l = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8h = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m256i p16l = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4l, q8l);
        const __m256i p16h = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4h, q8h);

        const __m256i p32l = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_set1_epi16(scales[0]), p16l);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p32l), acc);

        const __m256i p32h = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_set1_epi16(scales[1]), p16h);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p32h), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) - summs;

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0;

    uint16_t aux16[2];
    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)aux16;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]) * y[i].d;
        const float m = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]) * y[i].d;
        const __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);

        const uint16_t * a = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        aux16[0] = a[0] & 0x0f0f;
        aux16[1] = (a[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        summs += m * (scales[2] * (y[i].bsums[0] + y[i].bsums[1]) + scales[3] * (y[i].bsums[2] + y[i].bsums[3]));

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m256i q4bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4);
        const __m128i q4bits_0 = _mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits, 0);
        const __m128i q4bits_1 = _mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits, 1);
        const __m128i q4_0 = _mm_and_si128(q4bits_0, m4);
        const __m128i q4_1 = _mm_and_si128(q4bits_1, m4);
        const __m128i q4_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_0, 4), m4);
        const __m128i q4_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_1, 4), m4);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        const __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        const __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        const __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        const __m128i p32_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[0]), p16_0);
        const __m128i p32_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[0]), p16_1);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(p32_1, p32_0))), acc);

        const __m128i p32_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[1]), p16_2);
        const __m128i p32_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_set1_epi16(scales[1]), p16_3);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(p32_3, p32_2))), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) - summs;

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    uint16_t s16[2];
    const uint8_t * restrict scales = (const uint8_t *)s16;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint16_t * restrict b = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        s16[0] = b[0] & 0x0f0f;
        s16[1] = (b[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        sumf -= y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]) * (scales[2] * (y[i].bsums[0] + y[i].bsums[1]) + scales[3] * (y[i].bsums[2] + y[i].bsums[3]));
        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]);

        size_t vl = 32;

        vint16m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i16m1(0, 1);

        // load Q4
        vuint8m1_t q4_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q4, vl);

        // load Q8 and multiply it with lower Q4 nibble
        vint8m1_t  q4_a = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q4_x, 0x0F, vl));
        vint16m2_t va_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q4_a, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t aux1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m2_i16m1(va_0, vzero, vl);

        sumf += d*scales[0]*__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(aux1);

        // load Q8 and multiply it with upper Q4 nibble
        vint8m1_t  q4_s = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q4_x, 0x04, vl));
        vint16m2_t va_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q4_s, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t aux2 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i16m2_i16m1(va_1, vzero, vl);

        sumf += d*scales[1]*__riscv_vmv_x_s_i16m1_i16(aux2);

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    uint8_t aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[16];
    float   sums [8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    uint16_t s16[2];
    const uint8_t * restrict scales = (const uint8_t *)s16;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        uint8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l+ 0] = q4[l] & 0xF;
        for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l+32] = q4[l]  >> 4;

        const uint16_t * restrict b = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;
        s16[0] = b[0] & 0x0f0f;
        s16[1] = (b[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f;

        sumf -= y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[1]) * (scales[2] * (y[i].bsums[0] + y[i].bsums[1]) + scales[3] * (y[i].bsums[2] + y[i].bsums[3]));

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d[0]);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            q8 += 16; a += 16;
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) aux16[l] += q8[l] * a[l];
            q8 += 16; a += 16;
            const float dl = d * scales[j];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += dl * (aux16[l] + aux16[l+8]);
        }
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}
#endif

#if QK_K == 256
void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy,  size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q5_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

    static const uint32_t kmask1 = 0x3f3f3f3f;
    static const uint32_t kmask2 = 0x0f0f0f0f;
    static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;

    uint32_t utmp[4];

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);
    const uint8x16_t mone = vdupq_n_u8(1);
    const uint8x16_t mtwo = vdupq_n_u8(2);
    const int32x4_t mzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q5bytes;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const int16x8_t q8sums = vpaddq_s16(vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums), vld1q_s16(y[i].bsums + 8));

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        const uint8x8_t mins8 = vld1_u8((const uint8_t*)utmp + 8);
        const int16x8_t mins = vreinterpretq_s16_u16(vmovl_u8(mins8));
        const int32x4_t prod = vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (q8sums), vget_low_s16 (mins)),
                                         vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums), vget_high_s16(mins)));
        int32_t sumi_mins = vaddvq_s32(prod);

        const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)utmp;

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        ggml_uint8x16x2_t qhbits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(qh);

        ggml_uint8x16x4_t q5h;

        int32_t sumi = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {

            const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q5bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q5); q5 += 32;
            const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            q5h.val[0] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, qhbits.val[0]), 4);
            q5h.val[1] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, qhbits.val[1]), 4);
            q5h.val[2] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mtwo, qhbits.val[0]), 3);
            q5h.val[3] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mtwo, qhbits.val[1]), 3);
            qhbits.val[0] = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[0], 2);
            qhbits.val[1] = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[1], 2);

            q5bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q5bits.val[0], m4b), q5h.val[0]));
            q5bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q5bits.val[1], m4b), q5h.val[1]));
            q5bytes.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5bits.val[0], 4), q5h.val[2]));
            q5bytes.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5bits.val[1], 4), q5h.val[3]));

            sumi += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0]), q5bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * *scales++;
            sumi += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2]), q5bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * *scales++;
        }

        sumf += d * sumi - dmin * sumi_mins;
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i mzero = _mm_setzero_si128();
    const __m256i mone  = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0.f;

   for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

#if QK_K == 256
        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;
#else
        // TODO
        const float d = 0, dmin = 0;
#endif

        const __m256i mins_and_scales = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_set_epi32(utmp[3], utmp[2], utmp[1], utmp[0]));

        const __m256i q8sums = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)y[i].bsums);
        const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 0), _mm256_extracti128_si256(q8sums, 1));
        const __m128i prod = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 1), q8s);
        const __m128i hsum = _mm_hadd_epi32(_mm_hadd_epi32(prod, mzero), mzero);
        summs += dmin * _mm_extract_epi32(hsum, 0);

        const __m128i sc128  = _mm256_extracti128_si256(mins_and_scales, 0);
        const __m256i scales = MM256_SET_M128I(sc128, sc128);

        const __m256i hbits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)x[i].qh);
        __m256i hmask = mone;

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        int bit = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {

            const __m256i scale_0 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle_k4(2*j+0));
            const __m256i scale_1 = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle_k4(2*j+1));

            const __m256i q5bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q5); q5 += 32;

            const __m256i q5l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q5bits, m4);
            const __m256i q5h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(hbits, hmask), bit++), 4);
            const __m256i q5_0  = _mm256_add_epi8(q5l_0, q5h_0);
            hmask = _mm256_slli_epi16(hmask, 1);

            const __m256i q5l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q5bits, 4), m4);
            const __m256i q5h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_srli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(hbits, hmask), bit++), 4);
            const __m256i q5_1  = _mm256_add_epi8(q5l_1, q5h_1);
            hmask = _mm256_slli_epi16(hmask, 1);

            const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5_0, q8_0);
            __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5_1, q8_1);

            p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_0, p16_0);
            p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_1, p16_1);

            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1));

        }

        __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i mzero = _mm_setzero_si128();
    const __m128i mone  = _mm_set1_epi8(1);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(2);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    float summs = 0.f;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        const __m128i utmps = _mm_set_epi32(utmp[3], utmp[2], utmp[1], utmp[0]);
        const __m128i scales = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(utmps);
        const __m128i mins = _mm_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(utmps, utmps));

        const __m128i q8sums_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[0]);
        const __m128i q8sums_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&y[i].bsums[8]);
        const __m128i q8s = _mm_hadd_epi16(q8sums_0, q8sums_1);
        const __m128i prod = _mm_madd_epi16(mins, q8s);
        const __m128i hsum = _mm_hadd_epi32(_mm_hadd_epi32(prod, mzero), mzero);
        summs += dmin * _mm_extract_epi32(hsum, 0);

        const __m128i hbits_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&x[i].qh[0]);
        const __m128i hbits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)&x[i].qh[16]);
        __m128i hmask = mone;

        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        int bit = 0;

        __m128i shuffle = _mm_set1_epi16(0x0100);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {

            const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);
            const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi16(shuffle, m2);

            const __m128i q5bits_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q5); q5 += 16;
            const __m128i q5bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q5); q5 += 16;

            __m128i q5l_0 = _mm_and_si128(q5bits_0, m4);
            __m128i q5l_1 = _mm_and_si128(q5bits_1, m4);
            __m128i q5h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(hbits_0, hmask), bit), 4);
            __m128i q5h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(hbits_1, hmask), bit++), 4);
            __m128i q5_0  = _mm_add_epi8(q5l_0, q5h_0);
            __m128i q5_1  = _mm_add_epi8(q5l_1, q5h_1);
            hmask = _mm_slli_epi16(hmask, 1);

            __m128i q8_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            __m128i q8_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5_0, q8_0);
            __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5_1, q8_1);
            p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_0, p16_0);
            p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_0, p16_1);

            q5l_0 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q5bits_0, 4), m4);
            q5l_1 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q5bits_1, 4), m4);
            q5h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(hbits_0, hmask), bit), 4);
            q5h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(hbits_1, hmask), bit++), 4);
            q5_0  = _mm_add_epi8(q5l_0, q5h_0);
            q5_1  = _mm_add_epi8(q5l_1, q5h_1);
            hmask = _mm_slli_epi16(hmask, 1);

            q8_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            q8_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5_0, q8_0);
            __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5_1, q8_1);
            p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_1, p16_2);
            p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_1, p16_3);

            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3));

        }

        __m256 vd = _mm256_set1_ps(d);
        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(vd, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc) + summs;

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];

    float sumf = 0;
    float sums = 0.0;

    size_t vl;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        vl = 8;

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;

        vint16mf2_t q8sums_0 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums, 4, vl);
        vint16mf2_t q8sums_1 = __riscv_vlse16_v_i16mf2(y[i].bsums+1, 4, vl);
        vint16mf2_t q8sums = __riscv_vadd_vv_i16mf2(q8sums_0, q8sums_1, vl);

        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        vuint8mf4_t mins8 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(mins, vl);
        vint16mf2_t v_mins = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u16mf2_i16mf2(__riscv_vzext_vf2_u16mf2(mins8, vl));
        vint32m1_t prod = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i32m1(q8sums, v_mins, vl);

        vint32m1_t sumi = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m1_i32m1(prod, __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1), vl);
        sumf -= dmin * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(sumi);

        vl = 32;
        int32_t aux32 = 0;
        int is = 0;

        uint8_t m = 1;
        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);
        vuint8m1_t vqh = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(hm, vl);

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
            // load Q5 and Q8
            vuint8m1_t q5_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q5, vl);
            vint8m1_t  q8_y1 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl);
            vint8m1_t  q8_y2 = __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl);

            // compute mask for addition
            vint8m1_t q5_a = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q5_x, 0x0F, vl));
            vuint8m1_t qh_m1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_1 = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m1, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q5_m1 = __riscv_vadd_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_1, q5_a, 16, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            vint8m1_t q5_l = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q5_x, 0x04, vl));
            vuint8m1_t qh_m2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(vqh, m, vl);
            vbool8_t vmask_2 = __riscv_vmsne_vx_u8m1_b8(qh_m2, 0, vl);
            vint8m1_t q5_m2 = __riscv_vadd_vx_i8m1_m(vmask_2, q5_l, 16, vl);
            m <<= 1;

            vint16m2_t v0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q5_m1, q8_y1, vl);
            vint16m2_t v1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(q5_m2, q8_y2, vl);

            vint32m4_t vs1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m4(v0, scales[is++], vl);
            vint32m4_t vs2 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m4(v1, scales[is++], vl);

            vint32m1_t vacc1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m4_i32m1(vs1, vzero, vl);
            vint32m1_t vacc2 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m4_i32m1(vs2, vzero, vl);

            aux32 += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vacc1) + __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vacc2);
            q5 += 32;    q8 += 64;

        }

        vfloat32m1_t vaux = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m1(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(aux32, 1), d, 1);
        sums += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vaux);

    }

    *s = sumf+sums;

#else

    const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[0];
    const uint8_t * mins   = (const uint8_t*)&utmp[2];

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        uint8_t m = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l] & 0xF);
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] = (int8_t)(q4[l]  >> 4);
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) a[l] += (hm[l] & m ? 16 : 0);
            a += 32; m <<= 1;
            q4 += 32;
        }
        memcpy(utmp, x[i].scales, 12);
        utmp[3] = ((utmp[2] >> 4) & kmask2) | (((utmp[1] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        const uint32_t uaux = utmp[1] & kmask1;
        utmp[1] = (utmp[2] & kmask2) | (((utmp[0] >> 6) & kmask3) << 4);
        utmp[2] = uaux;
        utmp[0] &= kmask1;

        int sumi = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) sumi += y[i].bsums[j] * mins[j/2];
        a = aux8;
        int is = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/32; ++j) {
            int32_t scale = scales[is++];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
        const float dmin = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin) * y[i].d;
        sumf -= dmin * sumi;
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

#else

void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q5_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xf);
    const uint8x16_t mh = vdupq_n_u8(16);
    const int32x4_t mzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q5bytes;
    ggml_uint8x16x4_t q5h;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const int8_t * sc = x[i].scales;

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const uint8x8_t qhbits = vld1_u8(qh);

        const ggml_uint8x16x2_t q5bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q5);
        const ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8);

        const uint8x16_t htmp = vcombine_u8(qhbits, vshr_n_u8(qhbits, 1));
        q5h.val[0] = vbicq_u8(mh, vshlq_n_u8(htmp, 4));
        q5h.val[1] = vbicq_u8(mh, vshlq_n_u8(htmp, 2));
        q5h.val[2] = vbicq_u8(mh, htmp);
        q5h.val[3] = vbicq_u8(mh, vshrq_n_u8(htmp, 2));

        q5bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q5bits.val[0], m4b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q5h.val[0]));
        q5bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vandq_u8(q5bits.val[1], m4b)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q5h.val[1]));
        q5bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5bits.val[0], 4)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q5h.val[2]));
        q5bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q5bits.val[1], 4)), vreinterpretq_s8_u8(q5h.val[3]));

        int32_t sumi1 = sc[0] * vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0]));
        int32_t sumi2 = sc[1] * vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1]));
        int32_t sumi3 = sc[2] * vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2]));
        int32_t sumi4 = sc[3] * vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q5bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3]));

        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2 + sumi3 + sumi4);
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m256i mone  = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const __m256i q5bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q5);

        const __m256i scale_l = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[1]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[0]));
        const __m256i scale_h = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[3]), _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[2]));

        int64_t aux64;
        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].qh, 8);
        const __m128i haux128 = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64);
        const __m256i haux256 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(haux128, 2), haux128);

        const __m256i q5h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(haux256, mone), 4);
        const __m256i q5h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_andnot_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(haux256, 4), mone), 4);

        const __m256i q5l_0 = _mm256_and_si256(q5bits, m4);
        const __m256i q5l_1 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q5bits, 4), m4);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_l, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5l_0, q8_0));
        const __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_h, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5l_1, q8_1));
        const __m256i s16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_l, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5h_0, q8_0));
        const __m256i s16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(scale_h, _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q5h_1, q8_1));

        const __m256i dot = _mm256_sub_epi32(_mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1), _mm256_add_epi32(s16_0, s16_1));

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(dot), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i mone  = _mm_set1_epi8(1);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const __m256i q5bits = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q5);

        const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[0]);
        const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[1]);
        const __m128i scale_2 = _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[2]);
        const __m128i scale_3 = _mm_set1_epi16(x[i].scales[3]);

        int64_t aux64;
        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].qh, 8);
        const __m128i haux128_0 = _mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 1, aux64);
        const __m128i haux128_1 = _mm_srli_epi16(haux128_0, 2);

        const __m128i q5h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(haux128_0, mone), 4);
        const __m128i q5h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(haux128_1, mone), 4);
        const __m128i q5h_2 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(haux128_0, 4), mone), 4);
        const __m128i q5h_3 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_andnot_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(haux128_1, 4), mone), 4);

        const __m128i q5l_0 = _mm_and_si128(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q5bits, 0), m4);
        const __m128i q5l_1 = _mm_and_si128(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q5bits, 1), m4);
        const __m128i q5l_2 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q5bits, 0), 4), m4);
        const __m128i q5l_3 = _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q5bits, 1), 4), m4);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        const __m128i p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_0, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5l_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0)));
        const __m128i p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_1, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5l_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1)));
        const __m128i p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_2, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5l_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0)));
        const __m128i p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_3, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5l_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1)));
        const __m128i s16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_0, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5h_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0)));
        const __m128i s16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_1, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5h_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1)));
        const __m128i s16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_2, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5h_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0)));
        const __m128i s16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(scale_3, _mm_maddubs_epi16(q5h_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1)));

        const __m128i dot_0 = _mm_sub_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2), _mm_add_epi32(s16_0, s16_2));
        const __m128i dot_1 = _mm_sub_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3), _mm_add_epi32(s16_1, s16_3));

        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(dot_1, dot_0))), acc);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const int8_t * sc = x[i].scales;

        const uint8_t * restrict q5 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);

        // load qh
        vuint8mf4_t qh_x1   = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf4(qh, 8);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_x2   = __riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf4(qh_x1, 1, 8));

        size_t vl = 16;

        // combine both qh_1 and qh_2
        vuint8mf2_t qh_x = __riscv_vslideup_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vlmul_ext_v_u8mf4_u8mf2(qh_x1), qh_x2, vl/2, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t qh_h0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vnot_v_u8mf2(__riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x4, vl), vl), 16, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_h1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vnot_v_u8mf2(__riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl), vl), 16, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_h2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vnot_v_u8mf2(qh_x, vl), 16, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh_h3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vnot_v_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x4, vl), vl), 16, vl);

        vint8mf2_t qh_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(qh_h0);
        vint8mf2_t qh_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(qh_h1);
        vint8mf2_t qh_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(qh_h2);
        vint8mf2_t qh_3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(qh_h3);

        // load q5
        vuint8mf2_t q5_x1  = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q5, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q5_x2  = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q5+16, vl);

        vint8mf2_t q5s_0 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q5_x1, 0xF, vl));
        vint8mf2_t q5s_1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q5_x2, 0xF, vl));
        vint8mf2_t q5s_2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q5_x1, 0x4, vl));
        vint8mf2_t q5s_3 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q5_x2, 0x4, vl));

        vint8mf2_t q5_0 = __riscv_vsub_vv_i8mf2(q5s_0, qh_0, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q5_1 = __riscv_vsub_vv_i8mf2(q5s_1, qh_1, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q5_2 = __riscv_vsub_vv_i8mf2(q5s_2, qh_2, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q5_3 = __riscv_vsub_vv_i8mf2(q5s_3, qh_3, vl);

        // load Q8 and multiply it with Q5
        vint16m1_t p0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q5_0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q5_1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+16, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q5_2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+32, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q5_3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+48, vl), vl);

        vint32m1_t vs_0 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p0, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p1, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p2, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_3 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p3, vzero, vl);

        int32_t sumi1 = sc[0] * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_0);
        int32_t sumi2 = sc[1] * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_1);
        int32_t sumi3 = sc[2] * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_2);
        int32_t sumi4 = sc[3] * __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_3);

        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2 + sumi3 + sumi4);

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    int8_t aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[16];
    float   sums [8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict hm = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
            a[l+ 0] = q4[l] & 0xF;
            a[l+32] = q4[l]  >> 4;
        }
        for (int is = 0; is < 8; ++is) {
            uint8_t m = 1 << is;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) a[8*is + l] -= (hm[l] & m ? 0 : 16);
        }

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        const int8_t * restrict sc = x[i].scales;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            const float dl = d * sc[j];
            for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l <  8; ++l) sums[l] += dl * (aux16[l] + aux16[8+l]);
            q8 += 16; a += 16;
        }
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}
#endif


#if QK_K == 256
void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q6_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    float sum = 0;

    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xF);
    const int32x4_t  vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);
    //const int8x16_t  m32s = vdupq_n_s8(32);

    const uint8x16_t mone = vdupq_n_u8(3);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q6bytes;
    ggml_uint8x16x4_t q6h;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;

        const ggml_int16x8x2_t q8sums = ggml_vld1q_s16_x2(y[i].bsums);
        const int8x16_t scales = vld1q_s8(scale);
        const ggml_int16x8x2_t q6scales = {{vmovl_s8(vget_low_s8(scales)), vmovl_s8(vget_high_s8(scales))}};

        const int32x4_t prod = vaddq_s32(vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (q8sums.val[0]), vget_low_s16 (q6scales.val[0])),
                                                   vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums.val[0]), vget_high_s16(q6scales.val[0]))),
                                         vaddq_s32(vmull_s16(vget_low_s16 (q8sums.val[1]), vget_low_s16 (q6scales.val[1])),
                                                   vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums.val[1]), vget_high_s16(q6scales.val[1]))));
        int32_t isum_mins = vaddvq_s32(prod);

        int32_t isum = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            ggml_uint8x16x2_t qhbits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(qh); qh += 32;
            ggml_uint8x16x4_t q6bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x4(q6); q6 += 64;
            ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            q6h.val[0] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, qhbits.val[0]), 4);
            q6h.val[1] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, qhbits.val[1]), 4);
            uint8x16_t shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[0], 2);
            q6h.val[2] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
            shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[1], 2);
            q6h.val[3] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);

            //q6bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[0], m4b), q6h.val[0])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[1], m4b), q6h.val[1])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[2], m4b), q6h.val[2])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[3], m4b), q6h.val[3])), m32s);
            q6bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[0], m4b), q6h.val[0]));
            q6bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[1], m4b), q6h.val[1]));
            q6bytes.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[2], m4b), q6h.val[2]));
            q6bytes.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[3], m4b), q6h.val[3]));

            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * scale[0] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * scale[1] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2])) * scale[2] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * scale[3];

            scale += 4;

            q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[0], 4);
            q6h.val[0] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
            shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[1], 4);
            q6h.val[1] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
            shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[0], 6);
            q6h.val[2] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
            shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits.val[1], 6);
            q6h.val[3] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);

            //q6bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[0], 4), q6h.val[0])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[1], 4), q6h.val[1])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[2], 4), q6h.val[2])), m32s);
            //q6bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[3], 4), q6h.val[3])), m32s);
            q6bytes.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[0], 4), q6h.val[0]));
            q6bytes.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[1], 4), q6h.val[1]));
            q6bytes.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[2], 4), q6h.val[2]));
            q6bytes.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[3], 4), q6h.val[3]));

            isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * scale[0] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * scale[1] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2])) * scale[2] +
                    vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * scale[3];
            scale += 4;
        }
        //sum += isum * d_all * y[i].d;
        sum += d_all * y[i].d * (isum - 32 * isum_mins);

    }
    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m256i m32s = _mm256_set1_epi8(32);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m128i scales = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[i].scales);

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        int is = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(is + 0));
            const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(is + 1));
            const __m128i scale_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(is + 2));
            const __m128i scale_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(is + 3));
            is += 4;

            const __m256i q4bits1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4); q4 += 32;
            const __m256i q4bits2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4); q4 += 32;
            const __m256i q4bitsH = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)qh); qh += 32;

            const __m256i q4h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(q4bitsH, m2), 4);
            const __m256i q4h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 2), m2), 4);
            const __m256i q4h_2 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 4), m2), 4);
            const __m256i q4h_3 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 6), m2), 4);

            const __m256i q4_0 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q4bits1, m4), q4h_0);
            const __m256i q4_1 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q4bits2, m4), q4h_1);
            const __m256i q4_2 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits1, 4), m4), q4h_2);
            const __m256i q4_3 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits2, 4), m4), q4h_3);

            const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            __m256i q8s_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_0);
            __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_1);
            __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_2);
            __m256i q8s_3 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_3);

            __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_0, q8_0);
            __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_1, q8_1);
            __m256i p16_2 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_2, q8_2);
            __m256i p16_3 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_3, q8_3);

            p16_0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
            p16_1 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
            p16_2 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
            p16_3 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);

            p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_0), p16_0);
            p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_1), p16_1);
            p16_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_2), p16_2);
            p16_3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_3), p16_3);

            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1));
            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p16_2, p16_3));

        }

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i m3 = _mm_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m128i m32s = _mm_set1_epi8(32);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(2);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m128i scales = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[i].scales);

        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        __m128i shuffle = _mm_set_epi64x(0x0101010101010101, 0x0000000000000000);
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            const __m128i q4bitsH_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qh); qh += 16;
            const __m128i q4bitsH_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qh); qh += 16;

            const __m128i q4h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(q4bitsH_0, m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(q4bitsH_1, m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_2 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_0, 2), m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_3 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_1, 2), m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_4 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_0, 4), m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_5 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_1, 4), m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_6 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_0, 6), m3), 4);
            const __m128i q4h_7 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH_1, 6), m3), 4);

            const __m128i q4bits1_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;
            const __m128i q4bits1_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;
            const __m128i q4bits2_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;
            const __m128i q4bits2_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q4); q4 += 16;

            const __m128i q4_0 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(q4bits1_0, m4), q4h_0);
            const __m128i q4_1 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(q4bits1_1, m4), q4h_1);
            const __m128i q4_2 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(q4bits2_0, m4), q4h_2);
            const __m128i q4_3 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(q4bits2_1, m4), q4h_3);
            const __m128i q4_4 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits1_0, 4), m4), q4h_4);
            const __m128i q4_5 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits1_1, 4), m4), q4h_5);
            const __m128i q4_6 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits2_0, 4), m4), q4h_6);
            const __m128i q4_7 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits2_1, 4), m4), q4h_7);

            const __m128i q8_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_3 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_5 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_6 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;
            const __m128i q8_7 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)q8); q8 += 16;

            __m128i q8s_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_0);
            __m128i q8s_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_1);
            __m128i q8s_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_2);
            __m128i q8s_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_3);
            __m128i q8s_4 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_4);
            __m128i q8s_5 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_5);
            __m128i q8s_6 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_6);
            __m128i q8s_7 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_7);

            __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_0, q8_0);
            __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_1, q8_1);
            __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_2, q8_2);
            __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_3, q8_3);
            __m128i p16_4 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_4, q8_4);
            __m128i p16_5 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_5, q8_5);
            __m128i p16_6 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_6, q8_6);
            __m128i p16_7 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_7, q8_7);

            p16_0 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
            p16_1 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
            p16_2 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
            p16_3 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);
            p16_4 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_4, q8s_4);
            p16_5 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_5, q8s_5);
            p16_6 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_6, q8s_6);
            p16_7 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_7, q8s_7);

            const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi8(shuffle, m2);
            const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi8(shuffle, m2);
            const __m128i scale_2 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi8(shuffle, m2);
            const __m128i scale_3 = _mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, shuffle);
            shuffle = _mm_add_epi8(shuffle, m2);

            p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_0), p16_0);
            p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_0, scale_0)), p16_1);
            p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_1), p16_2);
            p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_1, scale_1)), p16_3);
            p16_4 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_2), p16_4);
            p16_5 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_2, scale_2)), p16_5);
            p16_6 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_3), p16_6);
            p16_7 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_3, scale_3)), p16_7);

            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3));
            sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_4, p16_6));
            sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_5, p16_7));

        }

        __m256i sumi = MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0);
        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi)), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;

        const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;

        size_t vl;

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);

        int sum_t = 0;
        int is = 0;

        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {

            vl = 32;

            // load qh
            vuint8m1_t qh_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(qh, vl);

            // load Q6
            vuint8m1_t q6_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q6, vl);
            vuint8m1_t q6_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8m1(q6+32, vl);

            vuint8m1_t q6a_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q6_0, 0x0F, vl);
            vuint8m1_t q6a_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(q6_1, 0x0F, vl);
            vuint8m1_t q6s_0 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q6_0, 0x04, vl);
            vuint8m1_t q6s_1 = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(q6_1, 0x04, vl);

            vuint8m1_t qh_0 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(qh_x, 0x03, vl);
            vuint8m1_t qh_1 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(qh_x, 0x2, vl), 0x03 , vl);
            vuint8m1_t qh_2 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(qh_x, 0x4, vl), 0x03 , vl);
            vuint8m1_t qh_3 = __riscv_vand_vx_u8m1(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8m1(qh_x, 0x6, vl), 0x03 , vl);

            vuint8m1_t qhi_0 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8m1(q6a_0, __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m1(qh_0, 0x04, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t qhi_1 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8m1(q6a_1, __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m1(qh_1, 0x04, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t qhi_2 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8m1(q6s_0, __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m1(qh_2, 0x04, vl), vl);
            vuint8m1_t qhi_3 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8m1(q6s_1, __riscv_vsll_vx_u8m1(qh_3, 0x04, vl), vl);

            vint8m1_t a_0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(qhi_0), 32, vl);
            vint8m1_t a_1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(qhi_1), 32, vl);
            vint8m1_t a_2 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(qhi_2), 32, vl);
            vint8m1_t a_3 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8m1(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8m1_i8m1(qhi_3), 32, vl);

            // load Q8 and take product
            vint16m2_t va_q_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(a_0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t va_q_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(a_1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+32, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t va_q_2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(a_2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+64, vl), vl);
            vint16m2_t va_q_3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m2(a_3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8m1(q8+96, vl), vl);

            vl = 16;

            vint32m2_t vaux_0 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_0, 0), scale[is+0], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_1 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_0, 1), scale[is+1], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_2 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_1, 0), scale[is+2], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_3 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_1, 1), scale[is+3], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_4 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_2, 0), scale[is+4], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_5 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_2, 1), scale[is+5], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_6 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_3, 0), scale[is+6], vl);
            vint32m2_t vaux_7 = __riscv_vwmul_vx_i32m2(__riscv_vget_v_i16m2_i16m1(va_q_3, 1), scale[is+7], vl);

            vint32m1_t isum0 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(vaux_0, vaux_1, vl), vzero, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum1 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(vaux_2, vaux_3, vl), isum0, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum2 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(vaux_4, vaux_5, vl), isum1, vl);
            vint32m1_t isum3 = __riscv_vredsum_vs_i32m2_i32m1(__riscv_vadd_vv_i32m2(vaux_6, vaux_7, vl), isum2, vl);

            sum_t += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(isum3);

            q6 += 64;   qh += 32;   q8 += 128;   is=8;

        }

        sumf += d * sum_t;

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
            for (int l = 0; l < 32; ++l) {
                a[l +  0] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                a[l + 32] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                a[l + 64] = (int8_t)((q4[l +  0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
                a[l + 96] = (int8_t)((q4[l + 32] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            }
            a  += 128;
            q4 += 64;
            qh += 32;
        }
        a = aux8;
        int is = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

#else

void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_q6_K * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#ifdef __ARM_NEON
    float sum = 0;

    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0xF);
    const int8x16_t  m32s = vdupq_n_s8(32);
    const int32x4_t  vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    const uint8x16_t mone = vdupq_n_u8(3);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q6bytes;
    ggml_uint8x16x4_t q6h;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;

        int32_t isum = 0;

        uint8x16_t qhbits = vld1q_u8(qh);
        ggml_uint8x16x2_t q6bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q6);
        ggml_int8x16x4_t q8bytes = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8);

        q6h.val[0] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, qhbits), 4);
        uint8x16_t shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits, 2);
        q6h.val[1] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
        shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits, 4);
        q6h.val[2] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);
        shifted = vshrq_n_u8(qhbits, 6);
        q6h.val[3] = vshlq_n_u8(vandq_u8(mone, shifted), 4);

        q6bytes.val[0] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[0], m4b), q6h.val[0])), m32s);
        q6bytes.val[1] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vandq_u8(q6bits.val[1], m4b), q6h.val[1])), m32s);
        q6bytes.val[2] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[0], 4), q6h.val[2])), m32s);
        q6bytes.val[3] = vsubq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vshrq_n_u8(q6bits.val[1], 4), q6h.val[3])), m32s);

        isum += vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[0], q8bytes.val[0])) * scale[0] +
                vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[1], q8bytes.val[1])) * scale[1] +
                vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[2], q8bytes.val[2])) * scale[2] +
                vaddvq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q6bytes.val[3], q8bytes.val[3])) * scale[3];

        sum += isum * d_all * y[i].d;

    }
    *s = sum;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m256i m4 = _mm256_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m256i m2 = _mm256_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m256i m32s = _mm256_set1_epi8(32);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m64 scales_1 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[0]);
        const __m64 scales_2 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[1]);
        const __m64 scales_3 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[2]);
        const __m64 scales_4 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[3]);

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();

        const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_set_epi64(scales_2, scales_1);
        const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_set_epi64(scales_4, scales_3);

        const __m256i q4bits1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4);
        const __m128i q4bitsH = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qh);

        const __m256i q4h_0 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 2), q4bitsH), m2), 4);
        const __m256i q4h_1 = _mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 6), _mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 4)), m2), 4);

        const __m256i q4_0 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(q4bits1, m4), q4h_0);
        const __m256i q4_1 = _mm256_or_si256(_mm256_and_si256(_mm256_srli_epi16(q4bits1, 4), m4), q4h_1);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        __m256i q8s_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_0);
        __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(m32s, q8_1);

        __m256i p16_0 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_0, q8_0);
        __m256i p16_1 = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q4_1, q8_1);

        p16_0 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
        p16_1 = _mm256_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);

        p16_0 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_0), p16_0);
        p16_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(_mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_1), p16_1);

        sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_1));

        acc = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __AVX__

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xF);
    const __m128i m2 = _mm_set1_epi8(3);
    const __m128i m32s = _mm_set1_epi8(32);

    __m256 acc = _mm256_setzero_ps();

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const __m64 scales_1 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[0]);
        const __m64 scales_2 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[1]);
        const __m64 scales_3 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[2]);
        const __m64 scales_4 = _mm_set1_pi8(x[i].scales[3]);

        __m128i sumi_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
        __m128i sumi_1 = _mm_setzero_si128();

        const __m128i scale_0 = _mm_set_epi64(scales_2, scales_1);
        const __m128i scale_1 = _mm_set_epi64(scales_4, scales_3);

        const __m256i q4bits1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q4);
        const __m128i q4bitsH = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qh);

        const __m128i q4h_0 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(q4bitsH, m2), 4);
        const __m128i q4h_1 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 2), m2), 4);
        const __m128i q4h_2 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 4), m2), 4);
        const __m128i q4h_3 = _mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bitsH, 6), m2), 4);

        const __m128i q4_0 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits1, 0), m4), q4h_0);
        const __m128i q4_1 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits1, 1), m4), q4h_1);
        const __m128i q4_2 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits1, 0), 4), m4), q4h_2);
        const __m128i q4_3 = _mm_or_si128(_mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(_mm256_extractf128_si256(q4bits1, 1), 4), m4), q4h_3);

        const __m256i q8_0 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+ 0));
        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)(q8+32));

        __m128i q8s_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        __m128i q8s_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        __m128i q8s_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        __m128i q8s_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(m32s, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        __m128i p16_0 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_0, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 0));
        __m128i p16_1 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_1, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_0, 1));
        __m128i p16_2 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_2, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 0));
        __m128i p16_3 = _mm_maddubs_epi16(q4_3, _mm256_extractf128_si256(q8_1, 1));

        p16_0 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_0, q8s_0);
        p16_1 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_1, q8s_1);
        p16_2 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_2, q8s_2);
        p16_3 = _mm_sub_epi16(p16_3, q8s_3);

        p16_0 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_0), p16_0);
        p16_1 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_0, scale_0)), p16_1);
        p16_2 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(scale_1), p16_2);
        p16_3 = _mm_madd_epi16(_mm_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_unpackhi_epi64(scale_1, scale_1)), p16_3);

        sumi_0 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_0, _mm_add_epi32(p16_0, p16_2));
        sumi_1 = _mm_add_epi32(sumi_1, _mm_add_epi32(p16_1, p16_3));

        acc = _mm256_add_ps(_mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_broadcast_ss(&d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(MM256_SET_M128I(sumi_1, sumi_0))), acc);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(acc);

#elif defined __riscv_v_intrinsic

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d_all = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);

        const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;

        int32_t isum = 0;

        size_t vl = 16;

        vint32m1_t vzero = __riscv_vmv_v_x_i32m1(0, 1);

        // load Q6
        vuint8mf2_t q6_0 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q6, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q6_1 = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(q6+16, vl);

        // load qh
        vuint8mf2_t qh_x = __riscv_vle8_v_u8mf2(qh, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t qh0 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x3, vl), 0x4, vl);
        qh_x = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh1 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x3, vl), 0x4, vl);
        qh_x = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh2 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x3, vl), 0x4, vl);
        qh_x = __riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x2, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t qh3 = __riscv_vsll_vx_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(qh_x, 0x3, vl), 0x4, vl);

        vuint8mf2_t q6h_0 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q6_0, 0xF, vl), qh0, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q6h_1 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vand_vx_u8mf2(q6_1, 0xF, vl), qh1, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q6h_2 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q6_0, 0x4, vl), qh2, vl);
        vuint8mf2_t q6h_3 = __riscv_vor_vv_u8mf2(__riscv_vsrl_vx_u8mf2(q6_1, 0x4, vl), qh3, vl);

        vint8mf2_t q6v_0 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q6h_0), 32, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q6v_1 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q6h_1), 32, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q6v_2 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q6h_2), 32, vl);
        vint8mf2_t q6v_3 = __riscv_vsub_vx_i8mf2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_u8mf2_i8mf2(q6h_3), 32, vl);

        // load Q8 and take product
        vint16m1_t p0 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q6v_0, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p1 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q6v_1, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+16, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p2 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q6v_2, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+32, vl), vl);
        vint16m1_t p3 = __riscv_vwmul_vv_i16m1(q6v_3, __riscv_vle8_v_i8mf2(q8+48, vl), vl);

        vint32m1_t vs_0 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p0, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_1 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p1, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_2 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p2, vzero, vl);
        vint32m1_t vs_3 = __riscv_vwredsum_vs_i16m1_i32m1(p3, vzero, vl);

        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_0) * scale[0];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_1) * scale[1];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_2) * scale[2];
        isum += __riscv_vmv_x_s_i32m1_i32(vs_3) * scale[3];

        sumf += isum * d_all * y[i].d;

    }

    *s = sumf;

#else

    int8_t  aux8[QK_K];
    int16_t aux16[8];
    float   sums [8];
    int32_t aux32[8];
    memset(sums, 0, 8*sizeof(float));

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].ql;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        memset(aux32, 0, 8*sizeof(int32_t));
        int8_t * restrict a = aux8;
        for (int l = 0; l < 16; ++l) {
            a[l+ 0] = (int8_t)((q4[l+ 0] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 0) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            a[l+16] = (int8_t)((q4[l+16] & 0xF) | (((qh[l] >> 2) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            a[l+32] = (int8_t)((q4[l+ 0] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 4) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
            a[l+48] = (int8_t)((q4[l+16] >>  4) | (((qh[l] >> 6) & 3) << 4)) - 32;
        }
        int is = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/16; ++j) {
            int scale = x[i].scales[is++];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux16[l] = q8[l] * a[l];
            for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) aux32[l] += scale * aux16[l];
            q8 += 8; a += 8;
        }
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sums[l] += d * aux32[l];
    }
    for (int l = 0; l < 8; ++l) sumf += sums[l];
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

#endif

#if defined (__AVX2__) || defined (__ARM_NEON)
static const int8_t keven_signs_q2xs[1024] = {
     1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
     1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,
     1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,
     1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,
     1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,
     1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,
     1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,
     1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,
     1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,
     1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,
     1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,
     1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,
     1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,
     1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,
     1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,
     1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,
     1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,
     1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1,
     1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,
     1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,
     1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,
     1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,
     1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,
     1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,
     1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,
     1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,
     1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,
     1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,
     1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
     1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1,  1,
     1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,
     1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,  1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
};
#endif

void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq2_xxs * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K    * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)

    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;

    uint32_t aux32[4];
    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2u;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2s;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        float sumf1 = 0, sumf2 = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;
            memcpy(aux32, q2, 4*sizeof(uint32_t)); q2 += 8;
            q2u.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 0])), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 1])));
            q2u.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 2])), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 3])));
            q2u.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 8])), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[ 9])));
            q2u.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[10])), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[11])));
            q2s.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >>  0) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >>  7) & 127))));
            q2s.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >> 14) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >> 21) & 127))));
            q2s.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[3] >>  0) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[3] >>  7) & 127))));
            q2s.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[3] >> 14) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[3] >> 21) & 127))));
            q2u.val[0] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[0], q2s.val[0]);
            q2u.val[1] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[1], q2s.val[1]);
            q2u.val[2] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[2], q2s.val[2]);
            q2u.val[3] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[3], q2s.val[3]);
            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q2u.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q2u.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
            sumf1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * (0.5f + (aux32[1] >> 28));
            sumf2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * (0.5f + (aux32[3] >> 28));
        }
        sumf += d*(sumf1 + sumf2);
    }
    *s = 0.25f * sumf;

#elif defined(__AVX2__)

    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;

    uint32_t aux32[4];
    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            memcpy(aux32, q2, 4*sizeof(uint32_t)); q2 += 8;
            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xxs_grid[aux8[ 3]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[ 2]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[1]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[0]]);
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xxs_grid[aux8[11]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[10]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[9]], iq2xxs_grid[aux8[8]]);
            const __m256i s2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(signs64[(aux32[1] >> 21) & 127], signs64[(aux32[1] >> 14) & 127],
                                                   signs64[(aux32[1] >>  7) & 127], signs64[(aux32[1] >>  0) & 127]);
            const __m256i s2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(signs64[(aux32[3] >> 21) & 127], signs64[(aux32[3] >> 14) & 127],
                                                   signs64[(aux32[3] >>  7) & 127], signs64[(aux32[3] >>  0) & 127]);
            const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_1, s2_1);
            const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_2, s2_2);
            const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1);
            const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2);
            const uint16_t ls1 = aux32[1] >> 28;
            const uint16_t ls2 = aux32[3] >> 28;
            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls1+1));
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls2+1));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, p1);
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, p2);
        }

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accumf);

    }

    *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);

#else

    uint32_t aux32[2];
    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)aux32;

    float sumf = 0.f;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int32_t bsum = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            memcpy(aux32, q2, 2*sizeof(uint32_t));
            q2 += 4;
            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32[1] >> 28) + 1;
            int32_t sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xxs_grid + aux8[l]);
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32[1] >> 7*l) & 127];
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            bsum += sumi * ls;
        }
        sumf += d * bsum;
    }
    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_xs_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq2_xs * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K   * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)

    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2u;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2s;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    int32x4x4_t scales32;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8x8_t scales8 = vld1_u8(x[i].scales);
        const uint8x8_t scales_l = vand_u8(scales8, vdup_n_u8(0xf));
        const uint8x8_t scales_h = vshr_n_u8(scales8, 4);
        uint8x16_t scales = vcombine_u8(vzip1_u8(scales_l, scales_h), vzip2_u8(scales_l, scales_h));
        scales = vaddq_u8(vshlq_n_u8(scales, 1), vdupq_n_u8(1));
        const uint16x8_t scales1 = vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8(scales));
        const uint16x8_t scales2 = vmovl_u8(vget_high_u8(scales));
        scales32.val[0] = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(scales1)));
        scales32.val[1] = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vmovl_u16(vget_high_u16(scales1)));
        scales32.val[2] = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vmovl_u16(vget_low_u16(scales2)));
        scales32.val[3] = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vmovl_u16(vget_high_u16(scales2)));
        int32x4_t sumi = vdupq_n_s32(0);
        for (int ib64 = 0; ib64 < QK_K/64; ++ib64) {
            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;
            q2u.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[0] & 511))), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[1] & 511))));
            q2u.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[2] & 511))), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[3] & 511))));
            q2u.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[4] & 511))), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[5] & 511))));
            q2u.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[6] & 511))), vld1_s8((const void *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[7] & 511))));
            q2s.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[0] >> 9))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[1] >> 9))));
            q2s.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[2] >> 9))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[3] >> 9))));
            q2s.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[4] >> 9))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[5] >> 9))));
            q2s.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[6] >> 9))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + (q2[7] >> 9))));
            q2u.val[0] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[0], q2s.val[0]);
            q2u.val[1] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[1], q2s.val[1]);
            q2u.val[2] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[2], q2s.val[2]);
            q2u.val[3] = vmulq_s8(q2u.val[3], q2s.val[3]);
            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[0], q8b.val[0]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p3 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[2], q8b.val[2]);
            const int32x4_t p4 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q2u.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
            const int32x4_t p = vpaddq_s32(vpaddq_s32(p1, p2), vpaddq_s32(p3, p4));
            sumi = vmlaq_s32(sumi, p, scales32.val[ib64]);
            q2 += 8;
        }
        sumf += d*vaddvq_s32(sumi);
    }
    *s = 0.125f * sumf;

#elif defined(__AVX2__)

    const __m256i mone = _mm256_set1_epi8(1);
    static const char block_sign_shuffle_mask_1[32] = {
        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02,
        0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06,
    };
    static const char block_sign_shuffle_mask_2[32] = {
        0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a, 0x0a,
        0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e, 0x0e,
    };
    static const uint8_t bit_selector_mask_bytes[32] = {
        0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
        0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
    };

    const __m256i bit_selector_mask = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)bit_selector_mask_bytes);
    const __m256i block_sign_shuffle_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)block_sign_shuffle_mask_1);
    const __m256i block_sign_shuffle_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)block_sign_shuffle_mask_2);

#if QK_K == 64
    static const uint8_t k_bit_helper[16] = {
        0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    };
    const __m128i bit_helper = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)k_bit_helper);
    const __m128i m511 = _mm_set1_epi16(511);
    typedef union {
        __m128i vec_index;
        uint16_t index[8];
    } index_t;

    index_t idx;
    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const __m128i q2_data = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[i].qs);
        idx.vec_index = _mm_and_si128(q2_data, m511);

        const __m128i partial_sign_bits = _mm_srli_epi16(q2_data, 9);
        const __m128i partial_sign_bits_upper = _mm_srli_epi16(q2_data, 13);
        const __m128i partial_sign_bits_for_counting = _mm_xor_si128(partial_sign_bits, partial_sign_bits_upper);

        const __m128i odd_bits = _mm_shuffle_epi8(bit_helper, partial_sign_bits_for_counting);
        const __m128i full_sign_bits = _mm_or_si128(partial_sign_bits, odd_bits);
        const __m256i full_signs = MM256_SET_M128I(full_sign_bits, full_sign_bits);

        const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[i].qs);
        const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(y[i].qs+32));

        const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[idx.index[3]], iq2xs_grid[idx.index[2]],
                                               iq2xs_grid[idx.index[1]], iq2xs_grid[idx.index[0]]);
        const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[idx.index[7]], iq2xs_grid[idx.index[6]],
                                               iq2xs_grid[idx.index[5]], iq2xs_grid[idx.index[4]]);

        __m256i signs;
        signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs, block_sign_shuffle_1);
        signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
        const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_1, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

        signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs, block_sign_shuffle_2);
        signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
        const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_2, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

        const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1);
        const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2);

        const __m256i sc1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(2*(x[i].scales[0] >> 4)+1), _mm_set1_epi16(2*(x[i].scales[0] & 0xf)+1));
        const __m256i sc2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(2*(x[i].scales[1] >> 4)+1), _mm_set1_epi16(2*(x[i].scales[1] & 0xf)+1));

        const __m256i sum = _mm256_add_epi32(_mm256_madd_epi16(sc1, dot1), _mm256_madd_epi16(sc2, dot2));

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sum), accumf);

    }

    *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
#else

    static const uint8_t k_bit_helper[32] = {
        0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
        0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0x00, 0x80, 0x80, 0x00,
    };
    const __m256i bit_helper = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_bit_helper);
    const __m256i m511 = _mm256_set1_epi16(511);
    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xf);
    const __m128i m1 = _mm_set1_epi8(1);

    uint64_t aux64;

    // somewhat hacky, but gives a significant boost in performance
    __m256i aux_gindex;
    const uint16_t * gindex = (const uint16_t *)&aux_gindex;

    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].scales, 8);
        __m128i stmp = _mm_set1_epi64x(aux64);
        stmp = _mm_unpacklo_epi8(_mm_and_si128(stmp, m4), _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(stmp, 4), m4));
        const __m128i scales = _mm_add_epi8(_mm_slli_epi16(stmp, 1), m1);

        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 4) {

            const __m256i q2_data = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q2);  q2 += 16;
            aux_gindex = _mm256_and_si256(q2_data, m511);

            const __m256i partial_sign_bits = _mm256_srli_epi16(q2_data, 9);
            const __m256i partial_sign_bits_upper = _mm256_srli_epi16(q2_data, 13);
            const __m256i partial_sign_bits_for_counting = _mm256_xor_si256(partial_sign_bits, partial_sign_bits_upper);

            const __m256i odd_bits = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(bit_helper, partial_sign_bits_for_counting);
            const __m256i full_sign_bits = _mm256_or_si256(partial_sign_bits, odd_bits);

            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_3 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_4 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;

            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 3]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 2]],
                                                   iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 1]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 0]]);
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 7]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 6]],
                                                   iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 5]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 4]]);
            const __m256i q2_3 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[gindex[11]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[10]],
                                                   iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 9]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[ 8]]);
            const __m256i q2_4 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2xs_grid[gindex[15]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[14]],
                                                   iq2xs_grid[gindex[13]], iq2xs_grid[gindex[12]]);

            const __m128i full_signs_l = _mm256_castsi256_si128(full_sign_bits);
            const __m128i full_signs_h = _mm256_extractf128_si256(full_sign_bits, 1);
            const __m256i full_signs_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(full_signs_l, full_signs_l);
            const __m256i full_signs_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(full_signs_h, full_signs_h);

            __m256i signs;
            signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs_1, block_sign_shuffle_1);
            signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
            const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_1, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

            signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs_1, block_sign_shuffle_2);
            signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
            const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_2, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

            signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs_2, block_sign_shuffle_1);
            signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
            const __m256i q8s_3 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_3, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

            signs = _mm256_shuffle_epi8(full_signs_2, block_sign_shuffle_2);
            signs = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(_mm256_and_si256(signs, bit_selector_mask), bit_selector_mask);
            const __m256i q8s_4 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_4, _mm256_or_si256(signs, mone));

            const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1);
            const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2);
            const __m256i dot3  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_3, q8s_3);
            const __m256i dot4  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_4, q8s_4);

            const __m256i sc1 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(ib32+0)));
            const __m256i sc2 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(ib32+1)));
            const __m256i sc3 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(ib32+2)));
            const __m256i sc4 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(_mm_shuffle_epi8(scales, get_scale_shuffle(ib32+3)));

            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, sc1));
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, sc2));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, _mm256_madd_epi16(dot3, sc3));
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, _mm256_madd_epi16(dot4, sc4));
        }

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accumf);

    }

    *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);
#endif

#else

    float sumf = 0.f;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint16_t * restrict q2 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * restrict sc = x[i].scales;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int32_t bsum = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            const uint16_t ls1 = 2*(sc[ib32] & 0xf) + 1;
            const uint16_t ls2 = 2*(sc[ib32] >>  4) + 1;
            int32_t sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            bsum += sumi * ls1;
            sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2xs_grid + (q2[l] & 511));
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[q2[l] >> 9];
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid[j] * q8[j] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            bsum += sumi * ls2;
            q2 += 4;
        }
        sumf += d * bsum;
    }
    *s = 0.125f * sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq2_s_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq2_s * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K  * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)

   static const uint8_t k_mask1[32] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
                                       0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03
   };

    static const uint8_t k_mask2[16] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,};

    const ggml_uint8x16x2_t mask1 = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(k_mask1);
    const uint8x16_t        mask2 = vld1q_u8(k_mask2);
    const uint8x16_t m1 = vdupq_n_u8(1);
    const int32x4_t vzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    uint8x16x2_t vs;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q2s;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;

        const uint8_t * restrict qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * restrict signs = (const uint16_t *)(x[i].qs + QK_K/8);
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;
            q2s.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 8) & 0x300)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 6) & 0x300)))));
            q2s.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[2] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 4) & 0x300)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[3] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 2) & 0x300)))));
            q2s.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[4] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 8) & 0x300)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[5] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 6) & 0x300)))));
            q2s.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[6] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 4) & 0x300)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[7] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 2) & 0x300)))));
            qs += 8;

            vs.val[0] = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(signs[0] | ((uint32_t) signs[1] << 16)));
            vs.val[1] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[1]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[0]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vceqq_u8(vs.val[0], mask2);
            vs.val[1] = vceqq_u8(vs.val[1], mask2);

            q2s.val[0] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vs.val[0], m1)), q2s.val[0]);
            q2s.val[1] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vs.val[1], m1)), q2s.val[1]);

            vs.val[0] = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(signs[2] | ((uint32_t) signs[3] << 16)));
            vs.val[1] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[1]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[0]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vceqq_u8(vs.val[0], mask2);
            vs.val[1] = vceqq_u8(vs.val[1], mask2);

            signs += 4;

            q2s.val[2] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vs.val[0], m1)), q2s.val[2]);
            q2s.val[3] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vorrq_u8(vs.val[1], m1)), q2s.val[3]);

            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2s.val[0], q8b.val[0]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2s.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p3 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2s.val[2], q8b.val[2]);
            const int32x4_t p4 = ggml_vdotq_s32(vzero, q2s.val[3], q8b.val[3]);

            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32+0] & 0xf));
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32+0] >>  4));
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p3) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32+1] & 0xf));
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p4) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32+1] >>  4));
        }
        sumf += d*(sumi1 + sumi2);
    }

    *s = 0.125f * sumf;

#elif defined(__AVX2__)

   static const uint8_t k_mask1[32] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
                                       0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03
   };

    static const uint8_t k_mask2[32] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
                                        0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
    };

    const __m128i m4 = _mm_set1_epi8(0xf);
    const __m128i m1 = _mm_set1_epi8(1);

    const __m256i mask1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_mask1);
    const __m256i mask2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_mask2);

    uint64_t aux64;

    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * restrict signs = (const uint16_t *)(x[i].qs + QK_K/8);
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

        memcpy(&aux64, x[i].scales, 8);
        const __m128i scales8 = _mm_add_epi8(_mm_slli_epi16(_mm_and_si128(_mm_set_epi64x(aux64 >> 4, aux64), m4), 1), m1);
        const __m256i scales16 = _mm256_cvtepi8_epi16(scales8); // 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15

        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2s_grid[qs[3] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 2) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[2] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 4) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 6) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << 8) & 0x300)]);
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq2s_grid[qs[7] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 2) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[6] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 4) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[5] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 6) & 0x300)],
                                                   iq2s_grid[qs[4] | ((qh[ib32+1] << 8) & 0x300)]);
            qs += 8;

            __m256i aux256 = _mm256_set1_epi32(signs[0] | ((uint32_t) signs[1] << 16));
            aux256 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(aux256,mask1), mask2);
            const __m256i s2_1 = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(aux256, mask2);
            const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(s2_1, q8_1), s2_1);

            aux256 = _mm256_set1_epi32(signs[2] | ((uint32_t) signs[3] << 16));
            aux256 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(aux256,mask1), mask2);
            const __m256i s2_2 = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(aux256, mask2);
            const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(s2_2, q8_2), s2_2);

            signs += 4;

            const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1); // blocks 2*ib32+0, 2*ib32+1
            const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2); // blocks 2*ib32+2, 2*ib32+3

            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales16, get_scale_shuffle_k4(ib32+0)));
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, _mm256_shuffle_epi8(scales16, get_scale_shuffle_k4(ib32+1)));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, p1);
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, p2);
        }

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accumf);

    }

    *s = 0.125f * hsum_float_8(accumf);

#else

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const int8_t  * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint8_t * signs = qs + QK_K/8;

        int bsum = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            int ls1 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] & 0xf);
            int ls2 = 1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32] >>  4);
            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 2; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    sumi1 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            for (int l = 2; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid = (const uint8_t *)(iq2s_grid + (qs[l] | (qh[ib32] << (8-2*l) & 0x300)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    sumi2 += q8[j] * grid[j] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            bsum += ls1 * sumi1 + ls2 * sumi2;
            qs += 4;
            signs += 4;
        }

        sumf += d * bsum;
    }

    *s = 0.125f * sumf;

#endif

}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_xxs_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq3_xxs * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K    * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)

    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;

    uint32_t aux32[2];

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q3s;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        float sumf1 = 0, sumf2 = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;
            memcpy(aux32, gas, 2*sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += 2*sizeof(uint32_t);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_0 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 0]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 1]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 2]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 3]]);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_1 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 4]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 5]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 6]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 7]]);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_2 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 8]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[ 9]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[10]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[11]]);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_3 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[12]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[13]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[14]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[15]]);
            q3 += 16;
            q3s.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[0] >>  0) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[0] >>  7) & 127))));
            q3s.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[0] >> 14) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[0] >> 21) & 127))));
            q3s.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >>  0) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >>  7) & 127))));
            q3s.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >> 14) & 127))), vld1_s8((const void *)(signs64 + ((aux32[1] >> 21) & 127))));
            q3s.val[0] = vmulq_s8(q3s.val[0], vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_0));
            q3s.val[1] = vmulq_s8(q3s.val[1], vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_1));
            q3s.val[2] = vmulq_s8(q3s.val[2], vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_2));
            q3s.val[3] = vmulq_s8(q3s.val[3], vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_3));
            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q3s.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q3s.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q3s.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q3s.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
            sumf1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * (0.5f + (aux32[0] >> 28));
            sumf2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * (0.5f + (aux32[1] >> 28));
        }
        sumf += d*(sumf1 + sumf2);
    }
    *s = 0.5f * sumf;

#elif defined(__AVX2__)

    const uint64_t * signs64 = (const uint64_t *)keven_signs_q2xs;

    uint32_t aux32[2];

    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[7]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[6]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[5]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[4]],
                                                  iq3xxs_grid[q3[3]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[2]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[1]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[0]]);
            q3 += 8;
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi32(iq3xxs_grid[q3[7]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[6]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[5]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[4]],
                                                  iq3xxs_grid[q3[3]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[2]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[1]], iq3xxs_grid[q3[0]]);
            q3 += 8;
            memcpy(aux32, gas, 8); gas += 8;
            const __m256i s2_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(signs64[(aux32[0] >> 21) & 127], signs64[(aux32[0] >> 14) & 127],
                                                   signs64[(aux32[0] >>  7) & 127], signs64[(aux32[0] >>  0) & 127]);
            const __m256i s2_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(signs64[(aux32[1] >> 21) & 127], signs64[(aux32[1] >> 14) & 127],
                                                   signs64[(aux32[1] >>  7) & 127], signs64[(aux32[1] >>  0) & 127]);
            const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_1, s2_1);
            const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sign_epi8(q8_2, s2_2);
            const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1);
            const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2);
            const uint16_t ls1 = aux32[0] >> 28;
            const uint16_t ls2 = aux32[1] >> 28;
            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls1+1));
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls2+1));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, p1);
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, p2);
        }

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accumf);

    }

    *s = 0.25f * hsum_float_8(accumf);

#else

    uint32_t aux32;

    float sumf = 0.f;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict q3 = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict gas = x[i].qs + QK_K/4;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int32_t bsum = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ++ib32) {
            memcpy(&aux32, gas, sizeof(uint32_t)); gas += sizeof(uint32_t);
            const uint32_t ls = 2*(aux32 >> 28) + 1;
            int32_t sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+0]);
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3xxs_grid + q3[2*l+1]);
                const uint8_t  signs = ksigns_iq2xs[(aux32 >> 7*l) & 127];
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            q3 += 8;
            bsum += sumi * ls;
        }
        sumf += d * bsum;
    }
    *s = 0.25f * sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq3_s_q8_K (int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq3_s * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K  * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined(__ARM_NEON)

    typedef union {
        uint16x8_t vec_index;
        uint16_t   index[8];
    } vec_index_t;

   static const uint8_t k_mask1[32] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
                                       0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03
   };

    static const uint8_t k_mask2[16] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,};

    static const int16_t k_shift[8] = {8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1};

    const ggml_uint8x16x2_t mask1 = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(k_mask1);
    const uint8x16_t        mask2 = vld1q_u8(k_mask2);

    const int16x8_t  hshift = vld1q_s16(k_shift);
    const uint16x8_t m256   = vdupq_n_u16(256);
    const uint8x16_t m1     = vdupq_n_u8(1);

    uint8x16x2_t vs;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q3s;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;
    vec_index_t idx;

#if QK_K == 256
    uint32_t scales32[2];
    const uint8_t * scales8 = (const uint8_t *)scales32;
#endif

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * restrict signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
        const int8_t   * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;

#if QK_K == 256
        memcpy(scales32, x[i].scales, 4);
        scales32[1] = (((scales32[0] >> 4) & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 1) | 0x01010101;
        scales32[0] = ((scales32[0] & 0x0f0f0f0f) << 1) | 0x01010101;
#endif

        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            const uint8x16_t idx_l = vld1q_u8(qs); qs += 16;
            idx.vec_index = vorrq_u16(vmovl_u8(vget_low_u8 (idx_l)), vandq_u16(vshlq_u16(vdupq_n_u16(qh[ib32+0]), hshift), m256));
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_0 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3s_grid[idx.index[0]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[1]],
                                                        iq3s_grid[idx.index[2]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[3]]);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_1 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3s_grid[idx.index[4]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[5]],
                                                        iq3s_grid[idx.index[6]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[7]]);
            idx.vec_index = vorrq_u16(vmovl_u8(vget_high_u8(idx_l)), vandq_u16(vshlq_u16(vdupq_n_u16(qh[ib32+1]), hshift), m256));
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_2 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3s_grid[idx.index[0]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[1]],
                                                        iq3s_grid[idx.index[2]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[3]]);
            const uint32x4_t aux32x4_3 = ggml_vld1q_u32(iq3s_grid[idx.index[4]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[5]],
                                                        iq3s_grid[idx.index[6]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[7]]);


            vs.val[0] = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(signs[0] | ((uint32_t) signs[1] << 16)));
            vs.val[1] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[1]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[0]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(vs.val[0], mask2), m1);
            vs.val[1] = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(vs.val[1], mask2), m1);

            q3s.val[0] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vs.val[0]), vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_0));
            q3s.val[1] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vs.val[1]), vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_1));

            vs.val[0] = vreinterpretq_u8_u32(vdupq_n_u32(signs[2] | ((uint32_t) signs[3] << 16)));
            vs.val[1] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[1]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vandq_u8(ggml_vqtbl1q_u8(vs.val[0], mask1.val[0]), mask2);
            vs.val[0] = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(vs.val[0], mask2), m1);
            vs.val[1] = vorrq_u8(vceqq_u8(vs.val[1], mask2), m1);

            signs += 4;

            q3s.val[2] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vs.val[0]), vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_2));
            q3s.val[3] = vmulq_s8(vreinterpretq_s8_u8(vs.val[1]), vreinterpretq_s8_u32(aux32x4_3));

            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q3s.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q3s.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q3s.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q3s.val[3], q8b.val[3]);
#if QK_K == 256
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * scales8[ib32/2+0];
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * scales8[ib32/2+4];
#else
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf));
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * (1 + 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4));
#endif
        }
        sumf += d*(sumi1 + sumi2);
    }
    *s = sumf;

#elif defined(__AVX2__)

   static const uint8_t k_mask1[32] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01,
                                       0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x02, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03, 0x03
   };

    static const uint8_t k_mask2[32] = {0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
                                        0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
    };

    const __m256i mask1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_mask1);
    const __m256i mask2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)k_mask2);

    const __m256i idx_shift = _mm256_set_epi32(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8);
    const __m256i idx_mask  = _mm256_set1_epi32(256);

    typedef union {
        __m256i  vec[2];
        uint32_t index[16];
    } index_t;

    index_t idx;

    __m256 accumf = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * restrict signs = (const uint16_t *)x[i].signs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const __m256i q8_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i idx_l = _mm256_cvtepu8_epi16(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i *)qs)); qs += 16;
            idx.vec[0] = _mm256_set1_epi32(qh[ib32+0]);
            idx.vec[1] = _mm256_set1_epi32(qh[ib32+1]);
            idx.vec[0] = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_sllv_epi32(idx.vec[0], idx_shift), idx_mask);
            idx.vec[1] = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_sllv_epi32(idx.vec[1], idx_shift), idx_mask);
            idx.vec[0] = _mm256_or_si256(idx.vec[0], _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_castsi256_si128(idx_l)));
            idx.vec[1] = _mm256_or_si256(idx.vec[1], _mm256_cvtepi16_epi32(_mm256_extractf128_si256(idx_l, 1)));

            // At leat on my CPU (Ryzen 7950X), using _mm256_i32gather_epi32 is slower than _mm256_set_epi32. Strange.
            //const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_i32gather_epi32((const int *)iq3s_grid, idx.vec[0], 4);
            //const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_i32gather_epi32((const int *)iq3s_grid, idx.vec[1], 4);
            const __m256i q2_1 = _mm256_set_epi32(
                    iq3s_grid[idx.index[7]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[6]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[5]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[4]],
                    iq3s_grid[idx.index[3]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[2]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[1]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[0]]
            );
            const __m256i q2_2 = _mm256_set_epi32(
                    iq3s_grid[idx.index[15]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[14]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[13]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[12]],
                    iq3s_grid[idx.index[11]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[10]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[ 9]], iq3s_grid[idx.index[ 8]]
            );

            __m256i aux256 = _mm256_set1_epi32(signs[0] | (signs[1] << 16));
            aux256 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(aux256,mask1), mask2);
            const __m256i s2_1 = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(aux256, mask2);
            const __m256i q8s_1 = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(s2_1, q8_1), s2_1);

            aux256 = _mm256_set1_epi32(signs[2] | (signs[3] << 16));
            aux256 = _mm256_and_si256(_mm256_shuffle_epi8(aux256,mask1), mask2);
            const __m256i s2_2 = _mm256_cmpeq_epi8(aux256, mask2);
            const __m256i q8s_2 = _mm256_sub_epi8(_mm256_xor_si256(s2_2, q8_2), s2_2);

            signs += 4;

            const __m256i dot1  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_1, q8s_1);
            const __m256i dot2  = _mm256_maddubs_epi16(q2_2, q8s_2);
            const uint16_t ls1 = x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf;
            const uint16_t ls2 = x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4;
            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls1+1));
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, _mm256_set1_epi16(2*ls2+1));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, p1);
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, p2);
        }

        accumf = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accumf);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(accumf);

#else

    float sumf = 0.f;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
        const uint8_t * restrict qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t * restrict qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint8_t * restrict signs = x[i].signs;
        const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
        int32_t bsum = 0;
        for (int ib32 = 0; ib32 < QK_K/32; ib32 += 2) {
            const uint32_t ls1 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] & 0xf) + 1;
            const uint32_t ls2 = 2*(x[i].scales[ib32/2] >>  4) + 1;
            int32_t sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+0] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            qs += 8;
            signs += 4;
            bsum += sumi * ls1;
            sumi = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const uint8_t * grid1 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+0] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (8-2*l)) & 256)));
                const uint8_t * grid2 = (const uint8_t *)(iq3s_grid + (qs[2*l+1] | ((qh[ib32+1] << (7-2*l)) & 256)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                    sumi += grid1[j] * q8[j+0] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+0] ? -1 : 1);
                    sumi += grid2[j] * q8[j+4] * (signs[l] & kmask_iq2xs[j+4] ? -1 : 1);
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            qs += 8;
            signs += 4;
            bsum += sumi * ls2;
        }
        sumf += d * bsum;
    }
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}


#ifdef __AVX2__
static inline __m256i mul_add_epi8(const __m256i x, const __m256i y) {
    const __m256i ax = _mm256_sign_epi8(x, x);
    const __m256i sy = _mm256_sign_epi8(y, x);
    return _mm256_maddubs_epi16(ax, sy);
}
#endif

void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_s_q8_K  (int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq1_s * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K  * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined __ARM_NEON

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q1b;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;

        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0, sumi3 = 0;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {

            q1b.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[0] | ((qh[ib+0] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[1] | ((qh[ib+0] << 5) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[2] | ((qh[ib+0] << 2) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[3] | ((qh[ib+0] >> 1) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[4] | ((qh[ib+1] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[5] | ((qh[ib+1] << 5) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[6] | ((qh[ib+1] << 2) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[7] | ((qh[ib+1] >> 1) & 0x700)))));
            qs += 8;

            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q1b.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q1b.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q1b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q1b.val[3], q8b.val[3]);

            const int ls1 = 2*((qh[ib+0] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
            const int ls2 = 2*((qh[ib+1] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(p1) * ls1;
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(p2) * ls2;
            sumi3 += (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]) * ls1 * (qh[ib+0] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1)
                   + (y[i].bsums[2*ib+2] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+3]) * ls2 * (qh[ib+1] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1);

        }

        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * (sumi1 + sumi2 + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi3);
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    __m256 accum = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    float accum1 = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;

        __m256i sumi = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        int sumi1 = 0;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
            const __m256i q1b_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq1s_grid[qs[3] | ((qh[ib+0] >> 1) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[2] | ((qh[ib+0] << 2) & 0x700)],
                                                    iq1s_grid[qs[1] | ((qh[ib+0] << 5) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[0] | ((qh[ib+0] << 8) & 0x700)]);
            const __m256i q1b_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(iq1s_grid[qs[7] | ((qh[ib+1] >> 1) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[6] | ((qh[ib+1] << 2) & 0x700)],
                                                    iq1s_grid[qs[5] | ((qh[ib+1] << 5) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[4] | ((qh[ib+1] << 8) & 0x700)]);
            qs += 8;
            const __m256i q8b_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8b_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            const __m256i dot1 = mul_add_epi8(q1b_1, q8b_1);
            const __m256i dot2 = mul_add_epi8(q1b_2, q8b_2);
            const int16_t ls1 = 2*((qh[ib+0] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
            const int16_t ls2 = 2*((qh[ib+1] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, _mm256_set1_epi16(ls1));
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, _mm256_set1_epi16(ls2));

            sumi = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi, _mm256_add_epi32(p1, p2));
            sumi1 += (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]) * (qh[ib+0] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1) * ls1
                   + (y[i].bsums[2*ib+2] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+3]) * (qh[ib+1] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1) * ls2;
        }

        const float d = y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
        accum = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(d), _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi), accum);
        accum1 += d * sumi1;

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(accum) + IQ1S_DELTA * accum1;

#else

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint16_t * qh = x[i].qh;

        int sumi = 0, sumi1 = 0;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            const int ls = 2*((qh[ib] >> 12) & 7) + 1;
            const int delta = qh[ib] & 0x8000 ? -1 : 1;
            int lsum = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((qh[ib] >> 3*l) & 7) << 8)));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    lsum += q8[j] * grid[j];
                }
                q8 += 8;
            }
            sumi  += ls * lsum;
            sumi1 += ls * delta * (y[i].bsums[2*ib+0] + y[i].bsums[2*ib+1]);
            qs += 4;
        }

        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi + IQ1S_DELTA * sumi1);
    }

    *s = sumf;

#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq1_m_q8_K  (int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);

    const block_iq1_m * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K  * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if QK_K != 64
    iq1m_scale_t scale;
#endif

#if defined __ARM_NEON

#if QK_K == 64
    const int32x4_t mask  = vdupq_n_s32(0xf);
#else
    const int32x4_t mask  = vdupq_n_s32(0x7);
#endif
    const int32x4_t mone  = vdupq_n_s32(1);
    const int32x4_t mzero = vdupq_n_s32(0);

    ggml_int8x16x4_t deltas;
    deltas.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vdup_n_s8(+1), vdup_n_s8(+1));
    deltas.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vdup_n_s8(-1), vdup_n_s8(+1));
    deltas.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vdup_n_s8(+1), vdup_n_s8(-1));
    deltas.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vdup_n_s8(-1), vdup_n_s8(-1));

    ggml_int8x16x4_t q1b;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;

    uint32_t aux32;
    const uint8_t * aux8 = (const uint8_t *)&aux32;

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;

#if QK_K != 64
        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
#endif

        int32x4_t sumi1 = mzero;
        int32x4_t sumi2 = mzero;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {

            q1b.val[0] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[0] | ((qh[0] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[1] | ((qh[0] << 4) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[1] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[2] | ((qh[1] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[3] | ((qh[1] << 4) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[2] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[4] | ((qh[2] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[5] | ((qh[2] << 4) & 0x700)))));
            q1b.val[3] = vcombine_s8(vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[6] | ((qh[3] << 8) & 0x700)))),
                                     vld1_s8((const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[7] | ((qh[3] << 4) & 0x700)))));

            q8b = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            const int32x4_t p1 = vpaddq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q1b.val[0], q8b.val[0]), ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q1b.val[1], q8b.val[1]));
            const int32x4_t p2 = vpaddq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q1b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, q1b.val[3], q8b.val[3]));
            const int32x4_t p12 = vpaddq_s32(p1, p2);

            const uint32_t * qh32 = (const uint32_t *)qh; // we are 4-byte aligned, so we can do that
            aux32 = ((qh32[0] >> 3) & 0x01010101) | ((qh32[0] >> 6) & 0x02020202);

            const int32x4_t p3 = vpaddq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, deltas.val[aux8[0]], q8b.val[0]), ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, deltas.val[aux8[1]], q8b.val[1]));
            const int32x4_t p4 = vpaddq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, deltas.val[aux8[2]], q8b.val[2]), ggml_vdotq_s32(mzero, deltas.val[aux8[3]], q8b.val[3]));
            const int32x4_t p34 = vpaddq_s32(p3, p4);

#if QK_K == 64
            int32x4_t scales_4 = ggml_vld1q_u32(sc[0] >> 0, sc[0] >> 4, sc[0] >> 8, sc[0] >> 12);
#else
            int32x4_t scales_4 = ggml_vld1q_u32(sc[ib/2] >> 0, sc[ib/2] >> 3, sc[ib/2] >> 6, sc[ib/2] >> 9);
#endif
            scales_4 = vaddq_s32(vshlq_n_s32(vandq_s32(scales_4, mask), 1), mone);

            sumi1 = vmlaq_s32(sumi1, scales_4, p12);
            sumi2 = vmlaq_s32(sumi2, scales_4, p34);

            qs += 8; qh += 4;

        }

#if QK_K == 64
        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * (vaddvq_s32(sumi1) + IQ1M_DELTA * vaddvq_s32(sumi2));
#else
        sumf += y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * (vaddvq_s32(sumi1) + IQ1M_DELTA * vaddvq_s32(sumi2));
#endif
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

#if QK_K == 64
    const __m256i mask = _mm256_set1_epi16(0xf);
#else
    const __m256i mask = _mm256_set1_epi16(0x7);
#endif
    const __m256i mone = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);

    __m256 accum1 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m256 accum2 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;

#if QK_K != 64
        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
#endif

        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
            const __m256i q1b_1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(
                    iq1s_grid[qs[3] | (((uint16_t)qh[1] << 4) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[2] | (((uint16_t)qh[1] << 8) & 0x700)],
                    iq1s_grid[qs[1] | (((uint16_t)qh[0] << 4) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[0] | (((uint16_t)qh[0] << 8) & 0x700)]
            );
            const __m256i q1b_2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(
                    iq1s_grid[qs[7] | (((uint16_t)qh[3] << 4) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[6] | (((uint16_t)qh[3] << 8) & 0x700)],
                    iq1s_grid[qs[5] | (((uint16_t)qh[2] << 4) & 0x700)], iq1s_grid[qs[4] | (((uint16_t)qh[2] << 8) & 0x700)]
            );
            const __m256i q8b_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8b_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i*)q8); q8 += 32;

            const __m256i dot1 = mul_add_epi8(q1b_1, q8b_1);
            const __m256i dot2 = mul_add_epi8(q1b_2, q8b_2);

            const __m256i delta1 = _mm256_set_epi64x(qh[1] & 0x80 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[1] & 0x08 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[0] & 0x80 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[0] & 0x08 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101);
            const __m256i delta2 = _mm256_set_epi64x(qh[3] & 0x80 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[3] & 0x08 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[2] & 0x80 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101,
                                                     qh[2] & 0x08 ? 0xffffffffffffffff : 0x0101010101010101);

            const __m256i dot3 = mul_add_epi8(delta1, q8b_1);
            const __m256i dot4 = mul_add_epi8(delta2, q8b_2);
#if QK_K == 64
            __m256i scale1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(sc[0] >>  4), _mm_set1_epi16(sc[0] >> 0));
            __m256i scale2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(sc[0] >> 12), _mm_set1_epi16(sc[0] >> 8));
#else
            __m256i scale1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(sc[ib/2] >> 3), _mm_set1_epi16(sc[ib/2] >> 0));
            __m256i scale2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_set1_epi16(sc[ib/2] >> 9), _mm_set1_epi16(sc[ib/2] >> 6));
#endif
            scale1 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(scale1, mask), 1), mone);
            scale2 = _mm256_add_epi16(_mm256_slli_epi16(_mm256_and_si256(scale2, mask), 1), mone);
            const __m256i p1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot1, scale1);
            const __m256i p2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot2, scale2);
            const __m256i p3 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot3, scale1);
            const __m256i p4 = _mm256_madd_epi16(dot4, scale2);

            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, _mm256_add_epi32(p1, p2));
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(sumi2, _mm256_add_epi32(p3, p4));

            qs += 8; qh += 4;
        }

#if QK_K == 64
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d));
#else
        const __m256 d = _mm256_set1_ps(y[i].d * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16));
#endif
        accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi1), accum1);
        accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(d, _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(sumi2), accum2);

    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(accum1) + IQ1M_DELTA * hsum_float_8(accum2);

#else

    int sum1[2], sum2[2], delta[4];

    float sumf = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {

        const int8_t   * q8 = y[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qs = x[i].qs;
        const uint8_t  * qh = x[i].qh;
        const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)x[i].scales;

#if QK_K != 64
        scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
#endif

        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            delta[0] = qh[0] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
            delta[1] = qh[0] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
            delta[2] = qh[1] & 0x08 ? -1 : 1;
            delta[3] = qh[1] & 0x80 ? -1 : 1;
            sum1[0] = sum1[1] = sum2[0] = sum2[1] = 0;
            for (int l = 0; l < 4; ++l) {
                const int8_t * grid = (const int8_t *)(iq1s_grid + (qs[l] | (((uint16_t)qh[l/2] << (8 - 4*(l%2))) & 0x700)));
                int lsum1 = 0, lsum2 = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    lsum1 += q8[j] * grid[j];
                    lsum2 += q8[j];
                }
                q8 += 8;
                sum1[l/2] += lsum1;
                sum2[l/2] += lsum2*delta[l];
            }
#if QK_K == 64
            const int ls1 = 2*((sc[0] >> (8*(ib%2)+0)) & 0xf) + 1;
            const int ls2 = 2*((sc[0] >> (8*(ib%2)+4)) & 0xf) + 1;
#else
            const int ls1 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+0)) & 0x7) + 1;
            const int ls2 = 2*((sc[ib/2] >> (6*(ib%2)+3)) & 0x7) + 1;
#endif
            sumi1 += sum1[0] * ls1 + sum1[1] * ls2;
            sumi2 += sum2[0] * ls1 + sum2[1] * ls2;
            qs += 4;
            qh += 2;
        }

#if QK_K == 64
        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
#else
        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(scale.f16) * y[i].d * (sumi1 + IQ1M_DELTA * sumi2);
#endif
    }

    *s = sumf;

#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);
    assert(n % QK4_NL == 0);
    static_assert(QK4_NL == QK8_0, "QK4_NL and QK8_0 must be the same");

    const block_iq4_nl * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_0   * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK4_NL;

#if defined __ARM_NEON
    const int8x16_t values = vld1q_s8(kvalues_iq4nl);
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
    uint8x16x2_t q4bits;
    int8x16x4_t q4b;
    int8x16x4_t q8b;
    int32x4_t prod_1, prod_2;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ib += 2) {

        q4bits.val[0] = vld1q_u8(x[ib+0].qs);
        q4bits.val[1] = vld1q_u8(x[ib+1].qs);
        q8b.val[0]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib+0].qs);
        q8b.val[1]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib+0].qs + 16);
        q8b.val[2]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib+1].qs);
        q8b.val[3]    = vld1q_s8(y[ib+1].qs + 16);

        q4b.val[0] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[0], m4b));
        q4b.val[1] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[0], 4));
        q4b.val[2] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[1], m4b));
        q4b.val[3] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[1], 4));

        prod_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q4b.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
        prod_2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q4b.val[3], q8b.val[3]);

        sumf +=
            GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+0].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib+0].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_1) +
            GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib+1].d) * GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib+1].d) * vaddvq_s32(prod_2);
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m128i values128 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_iq4nl);
    const __m128i m4b  = _mm_set1_epi8(0x0f);
    const __m256i mone = _mm256_set1_epi16(1);

    __m256 accum1 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    __m256 accum2 = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ib += 2) {
        const __m128i q4bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[0].qs);
        const __m128i q4bits_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)x[1].qs);
        const __m256i q8b_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[0].qs);
        const __m256i q8b_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)y[1].qs);
        const __m256i q4b_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_1, 4), m4b)),
                                              _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_1, m4b)));
        const __m256i q4b_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_2, 4), m4b)),
                                              _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_2, m4b)));
        const __m256i p16_1 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_1, q8b_1);
        const __m256i p16_2 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_2, q8b_2);
        const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_1, mone);
        const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_2, mone);
        accum1 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[0].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[0].d)),
                _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_1), accum1);
        accum2 = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[1].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[1].d)),
                _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(p_2), accum2);

        y += 2;
        x += 2;
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(_mm256_add_ps(accum1, accum2));

#else
    float sumf = 0;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < nb; ++ib) {
        const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d)*GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d);
        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < QK4_NL/2; ++j) {
            sumi1 += y[ib].qs[j+       0] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] & 0xf];
            sumi2 += y[ib].qs[j+QK4_NL/2] * kvalues_iq4nl[x[ib].qs[j] >>  4];
        }
        sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
    }
    *s = sumf;
#endif
}

void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * restrict s, size_t bs, const void * restrict vx, size_t bx, const void * restrict vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
    assert(nrc == 1);
    UNUSED(nrc);
    UNUSED(bx);
    UNUSED(by);
    UNUSED(bs);
    assert(n % QK_K == 0);
#if QK_K == 64
    ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(n, s, bs, vx, bx, vy, by, nrc);
#else

    const block_iq4_xs * restrict x = vx;
    const block_q8_K   * restrict y = vy;

    const int nb = n / QK_K;

#if defined __ARM_NEON
    const int8x16_t values = vld1q_s8(kvalues_iq4nl);
    const uint8x16_t m4b = vdupq_n_u8(0x0f);
    ggml_uint8x16x2_t q4bits;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q4b;
    ggml_int8x16x4_t q8b;
    int32x4_t prod_1, prod_2;

    float sumf = 0;

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {

        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
        const uint8_t * q4 = x[ibl].qs;
        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;

        int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/64; ++ib) {

            q4bits = ggml_vld1q_u8_x2(q4); q4 += 32;
            q8b    = ggml_vld1q_s8_x4(q8); q8 += 64;

            q4b.val[0] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[0], m4b));
            q4b.val[1] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[0], 4));
            q4b.val[2] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vandq_u8  (q4bits.val[1], m4b));
            q4b.val[3] = ggml_vqtbl1q_s8(values, vshrq_n_u8(q4bits.val[1], 4));

            prod_1 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[0], q8b.val[0]), q4b.val[1], q8b.val[1]);
            prod_2 = ggml_vdotq_s32(ggml_vdotq_s32(vdupq_n_s32(0), q4b.val[2], q8b.val[2]), q4b.val[3], q8b.val[3]);

            int ls1 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30)) - 32;
            int ls2 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30)) - 32;
            h >>= 4;
            sumi1 += vaddvq_s32(prod_1) * ls1;
            sumi2 += vaddvq_s32(prod_2) * ls2;

        }

        sumf += GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
    }

    *s = sumf;

#elif defined __AVX2__

    const __m128i values128 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)kvalues_iq4nl);
    const __m128i m4b  = _mm_set1_epi8(0x0f);

    __m256 accum = _mm256_setzero_ps();
    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
        uint16_t sh = x[ibl].scales_h;
        __m256i sumi1 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        __m256i sumi2 = _mm256_setzero_si256();
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
            const __m128i q4bits_1 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qs);  qs += 16;
            const __m128i q4bits_2 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)qs);  qs += 16;
            const __m256i q8b_1 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q8b_2 = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)q8); q8 += 32;
            const __m256i q4b_1 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_1, 4), m4b)),
                                                  _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_1, m4b)));
            const __m256i q4b_2 = MM256_SET_M128I(_mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(_mm_srli_epi16(q4bits_2, 4), m4b)),
                                                  _mm_shuffle_epi8(values128, _mm_and_si128(q4bits_2, m4b)));
            const __m256i p16_1 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_1, q8b_1);
            const __m256i p16_2 = mul_add_epi8(q4b_2, q8b_2);
            const int16_t ls1 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((sh << 4) & 0x30)) - 32;
            const int16_t ls2 = ((x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((sh << 2) & 0x30)) - 32;
            sh >>= 4;
            const __m256i p_1 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_1, _mm256_set1_epi16(ls1));
            const __m256i p_2 = _mm256_madd_epi16(p16_2, _mm256_set1_epi16(ls2));
            sumi1 = _mm256_add_epi32(p_1, sumi1);
            sumi2 = _mm256_add_epi32(p_2, sumi2);
        }
        accum = _mm256_fmadd_ps(_mm256_set1_ps(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d)*y[ibl].d),
                _mm256_cvtepi32_ps(_mm256_add_epi32(sumi1, sumi2)), accum);
    }

    *s = hsum_float_8(accum);

#else
    float sumf = 0;
    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nb; ++ibl) {
        const float d4d8 = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d;
        uint16_t h = x[ibl].scales_h;
        const uint8_t * qs = x[ibl].qs;
        const int8_t  * q8 = y[ibl].qs;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ib += 2) {
            const uint8_t ls1 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] & 0xf) | ((h << 4) & 0x30);
            const uint8_t ls2 = (x[ibl].scales_l[ib/2] >>  4) | ((h << 2) & 0x30);
            h >>= 4;
            const float d1 = d4d8*(ls1 - 32);
            const float d2 = d4d8*(ls2 - 32);
            int sumi1 = 0, sumi2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
            }
            sumf += d1 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
            qs += 16;
            q8 += 32;
            sumi1 = sumi2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
                sumi1 += q8[j+ 0] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] & 0xf];
                sumi2 += q8[j+16] * kvalues_iq4nl[qs[j] >>  4];
            }
            sumf += d2 * (sumi1 + sumi2);
            qs += 16;
            q8 += 32;
        }
    }
    *s = sumf;
#endif
#endif
}

// ================================ IQ2 quantization =============================================

typedef struct {
    uint64_t * grid;
    int      * map;
    uint16_t * neighbours;
} iq2_entry_t;

static iq2_entry_t iq2_data[4] = {
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
};

static inline int iq2_data_index(enum ggml_type type) {
    GGML_ASSERT(type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S);
    return type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS ? 0 :
           type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  ? 1 :
           type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M ? 2 : 3;
}

static inline int iq2_grid_size(enum ggml_type type) {
    GGML_ASSERT(type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S);
    return type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS ? 256 :
           type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  ? 512 :
           type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M ? NGRID_IQ1S : 1024;
}

static int iq2_compare_func(const void * left, const void * right) {
    const int * l = (const int *)left;
    const int * r = (const int *)right;
    return l[0] < r[0] ? -1 : l[0] > r[0] ? 1 : l[1] < r[1] ? -1 : l[1] > r[1] ? 1 : 0;
}

void iq2xs_init_impl(enum ggml_type type) {
    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(type);
    const int grid_size = iq2_grid_size(type);
    if (iq2_data[gindex].grid) {
        return;
    }
    static const uint16_t kgrid_2bit_256[256] = {
            0,     2,     5,     8,    10,    17,    20,    32,    34,    40,    42,    65,    68,    80,    88,    97,
          100,   128,   130,   138,   162,   257,   260,   272,   277,   320,   388,   408,   512,   514,   546,   642,
         1025,  1028,  1040,  1057,  1060,  1088,  1090,  1096,  1120,  1153,  1156,  1168,  1188,  1280,  1282,  1288,
         1312,  1350,  1385,  1408,  1425,  1545,  1552,  1600,  1668,  1700,  2048,  2053,  2056,  2068,  2088,  2113,
         2116,  2128,  2130,  2184,  2308,  2368,  2562,  2580,  4097,  4100,  4112,  4129,  4160,  4192,  4228,  4240,
         4245,  4352,  4360,  4384,  4432,  4442,  4480,  4644,  4677,  5120,  5128,  5152,  5157,  5193,  5248,  5400,
         5474,  5632,  5654,  6145,  6148,  6160,  6208,  6273,  6400,  6405,  6560,  6737,  8192,  8194,  8202,  8260,
         8289,  8320,  8322,  8489,  8520,  8704,  8706,  9217,  9220,  9232,  9280,  9302,  9472,  9537,  9572,  9872,
        10248, 10272, 10388, 10820, 16385, 16388, 16400, 16408, 16417, 16420, 16448, 16456, 16470, 16480, 16513, 16516,
        16528, 16640, 16672, 16737, 16768, 16773, 16897, 16912, 16968, 16982, 17000, 17408, 17416, 17440, 17536, 17561,
        17682, 17700, 17920, 18433, 18436, 18448, 18496, 18501, 18688, 18776, 18785, 18818, 19013, 19088, 20480, 20488,
        20497, 20505, 20512, 20608, 20616, 20740, 20802, 20900, 21137, 21648, 21650, 21770, 22017, 22100, 22528, 22545,
        22553, 22628, 22848, 23048, 24580, 24592, 24640, 24680, 24832, 24917, 25112, 25184, 25600, 25605, 25872, 25874,
        25988, 26690, 32768, 32770, 32778, 32833, 32898, 33028, 33048, 33088, 33297, 33793, 33796, 33808, 33813, 33856,
        33888, 34048, 34118, 34196, 34313, 34368, 34400, 34818, 35076, 35345, 36868, 36880, 36900, 36928, 37025, 37142,
        37248, 37445, 37888, 37922, 37956, 38225, 39041, 39200, 40962, 41040, 41093, 41225, 41472, 42008, 43088, 43268,
    };
    static const uint16_t kgrid_2bit_512[512] = {
            0,     2,     5,     8,    10,    17,    20,    22,    25,    32,    34,    37,    40,    65,    68,    70,
           73,    80,    82,    85,    88,    97,   100,   128,   130,   133,   136,   145,   148,   153,   160,   257,
          260,   262,   265,   272,   274,   277,   280,   282,   289,   292,   320,   322,   325,   328,   337,   340,
          352,   360,   385,   388,   400,   512,   514,   517,   520,   529,   532,   544,   577,   580,   592,   597,
          640,   650,  1025,  1028,  1030,  1033,  1040,  1042,  1045,  1048,  1057,  1060,  1088,  1090,  1093,  1096,
         1105,  1108,  1110,  1120,  1153,  1156,  1168,  1280,  1282,  1285,  1288,  1297,  1300,  1312,  1345,  1348,
         1360,  1377,  1408,  1537,  1540,  1552,  1574,  1600,  1602,  1668,  2048,  2050,  2053,  2056,  2058,  2065,
         2068,  2080,  2085,  2113,  2116,  2128,  2136,  2176,  2208,  2218,  2305,  2308,  2320,  2368,  2433,  2441,
         2560,  2592,  2600,  2710,  2720,  4097,  4100,  4102,  4105,  4112,  4114,  4117,  4120,  4129,  4132,  4160,
         4162,  4165,  4168,  4177,  4180,  4192,  4202,  4225,  4228,  4240,  4352,  4354,  4357,  4360,  4369,  4372,
         4384,  4417,  4420,  4432,  4480,  4500,  4502,  4609,  4612,  4614,  4624,  4672,  4704,  5120,  5122,  5125,
         5128,  5137,  5140,  5152,  5185,  5188,  5193,  5200,  5220,  5248,  5377,  5380,  5392,  5440,  5632,  5652,
         5705,  6145,  6148,  6160,  6162,  6208,  6228,  6278,  6400,  6405,  6502,  6737,  6825,  8192,  8194,  8197,
         8200,  8202,  8209,  8212,  8224,  8257,  8260,  8272,  8320,  8352,  8449,  8452,  8464,  8512,  8520,  8549,
         8704,  8738,  8832,  8872,  9217,  9220,  9232,  9257,  9280,  9472,  9537,  9554,  9625,  9729,  9754,  9894,
        10240, 10248, 10250, 10272, 10325, 10376, 10402, 10600, 10640, 10760, 10784, 10882, 10888, 10890, 16385, 16388,
        16390, 16393, 16400, 16402, 16405, 16408, 16417, 16420, 16448, 16450, 16453, 16456, 16458, 16465, 16468, 16480,
        16485, 16513, 16516, 16528, 16640, 16642, 16645, 16648, 16657, 16660, 16672, 16705, 16708, 16720, 16768, 16773,
        16802, 16897, 16900, 16912, 16914, 16937, 16960, 17408, 17410, 17413, 17416, 17425, 17428, 17433, 17440, 17473,
        17476, 17488, 17536, 17556, 17665, 17668, 17680, 17700, 17728, 17818, 17920, 17930, 17988, 18000, 18433, 18436,
        18448, 18496, 18501, 18516, 18530, 18688, 18705, 18756, 18768, 18793, 18948, 20480, 20482, 20485, 20488, 20497,
        20500, 20512, 20520, 20545, 20548, 20560, 20608, 20737, 20740, 20752, 20757, 20800, 20802, 20992, 21060, 21162,
        21505, 21508, 21520, 21537, 21568, 21600, 21633, 21665, 21760, 21768, 21888, 21896, 22049, 22120, 22177, 22528,
        22548, 22593, 22608, 22681, 22810, 22848, 22850, 23173, 24577, 24580, 24592, 24640, 24660, 24674, 24710, 24745,
        24832, 25124, 25162, 25234, 25600, 25622, 25872, 25920, 25925, 26020, 26625, 26730, 26917, 27142, 27220, 27234,
        32768, 32770, 32773, 32776, 32785, 32788, 32800, 32810, 32833, 32836, 32848, 32896, 32898, 32936, 32938, 33025,
        33028, 33030, 33040, 33088, 33105, 33113, 33280, 33312, 33408, 33410, 33440, 33448, 33793, 33796, 33808, 33810,
        33813, 33856, 33888, 33929, 34048, 34116, 34213, 34328, 34410, 34816, 34824, 34853, 34906, 34944, 34946, 34984,
        35078, 35362, 35456, 35464, 35478, 35496, 36865, 36868, 36880, 36928, 36950, 36996, 37120, 37154, 37220, 37462,
        37513, 37888, 37893, 37956, 37968, 37976, 38185, 38288, 38290, 38465, 38993, 39078, 39241, 39445, 39520, 40960,
        40962, 40968, 40970, 40992, 41002, 41120, 41297, 41305, 41382, 41472, 41474, 41480, 41514, 41600, 41632, 42048,
        42133, 42597, 42648, 43018, 43040, 43042, 43048, 43168, 43176, 43268, 43396, 43398, 43560, 43562, 43665, 43690,
    };
    static const uint16_t kgrid_1bit_2048[NGRID_IQ1S] = {
            0,     2,     5,     8,    10,    17,    21,    32,    34,    40,    42,    69,    81,    84,    86,   101,
          128,   130,   136,   138,   149,   160,   162,   168,   170,   260,   261,   273,   276,   278,   281,   282,
          293,   321,   326,   329,   338,   341,   346,   353,   356,   358,   360,   389,   401,   404,   406,   421,
          512,   514,   520,   522,   533,   544,   546,   552,   554,   581,   593,   601,   612,   617,   640,   642,
          648,   650,   657,   661,   665,   672,   674,   680,   682,  1041,  1044,  1046,  1061,  1089,  1097,  1109,
         1114,  1124,  1125,  1169,  1177,  1189,  1281,  1284,  1285,  1286,  1301,  1304,  1306,  1321,  1344,  1349,
         1354,  1360,  1361,  1364,  1365,  1366,  1369,  1376,  1378,  1381,  1384,  1386,  1409,  1425,  1429,  1432,
         1434,  1441,  1444,  1445,  1446,  1449,  1556,  1561,  1601,  1604,  1616,  1618,  1621,  1624,  1632,  1633,
         1638,  1641,  1669,  1681,  1684,  1689,  2048,  2050,  2056,  2058,  2069,  2080,  2082,  2088,  2090,  2117,
         2129,  2134,  2149,  2176,  2178,  2184,  2186,  2197,  2208,  2210,  2216,  2218,  2309,  2321,  2324,  2329,
         2340,  2341,  2369,  2384,  2385,  2389,  2401,  2404,  2409,  2449,  2452,  2454,  2457,  2469,  2560,  2562,
         2568,  2570,  2581,  2592,  2594,  2600,  2602,  2629,  2641,  2649,  2657,  2661,  2688,  2690,  2693,  2696,
         2698,  2709,  2720,  2722,  2728,  2730,  4112,  4113,  4116,  4121,  4132,  4133,  4161,  4164,  4176,  4181,
         4184,  4193,  4196,  4197,  4201,  4241,  4244,  4246,  4257,  4261,  4353,  4356,  4358,  4361,  4368,  4370,
         4373,  4376,  4385,  4388,  4393,  4421,  4426,  4432,  4433,  4434,  4436,  4437,  4438,  4441,  4448,  4453,
         4484,  4498,  4501,  4513,  4516,  4625,  4628,  4630,  4645,  4672,  4678,  4681,  4690,  4693,  4696,  4698,
         4708,  4710,  4741,  4753,  4756,  4758,  4773,  5121,  5126,  5129,  5140,  5141,  5144,  5145,  5153,  5158,
         5185,  5189,  5190,  5192,  5194,  5201,  5204,  5205,  5206,  5209,  5218,  5221,  5224,  5252,  5257,  5264,
         5268,  5269,  5272,  5273,  5274,  5281,  5284,  5285,  5289,  5378,  5381,  5386,  5393,  5396,  5397,  5398,
         5401,  5408,  5410,  5413,  5416,  5418,  5441,  5444,  5445,  5446,  5457,  5458,  5460,  5461,  5462,  5465,
         5466,  5473,  5476,  5477,  5478,  5481,  5504,  5506,  5508,  5509,  5512,  5514,  5520,  5521,  5524,  5525,
         5526,  5529,  5530,  5536,  5538,  5541,  5633,  5636,  5637,  5638,  5653,  5654,  5656,  5658,  5665,  5670,
         5696,  5698,  5700,  5701,  5704,  5706,  5713,  5717,  5718,  5720,  5721,  5729,  5732,  5733,  5736,  5737,
         5738,  5766,  5770,  5778,  5781,  5796,  5801,  6161,  6166,  6181,  6209,  6212,  6214,  6217,  6224,  6229,
         6232,  6234,  6240,  6241,  6244,  6246,  6249,  6277,  6289,  6292,  6309,  6416,  6418,  6421,  6426,  6433,
         6437,  6466,  6468,  6469,  6472,  6481,  6484,  6485,  6486,  6489,  6490,  6496,  6501,  6506,  6537,  6545,
         6546,  6549,  6552,  6561,  6566,  6569,  6665,  6678,  6692,  6694,  6724,  6726,  6729,  6736,  6738,  6741,
         6744,  6753,  6758,  6761,  6789,  6801,  6806,  6810,  8192,  8194,  8200,  8202,  8213,  8224,  8226,  8229,
         8232,  8234,  8261,  8273,  8281,  8289,  8293,  8320,  8322,  8328,  8330,  8341,  8352,  8354,  8357,  8360,
         8362,  8453,  8465,  8468,  8473,  8485,  8514,  8516,  8521,  8533,  8536,  8538,  8545,  8548,  8549,  8550,
         8581,  8592,  8598,  8601,  8613,  8705,  8712,  8714,  8721,  8725,  8736,  8738,  8744,  8746,  8773,  8785,
         8790,  8793,  8805,  8833,  8840,  8842,  8849,  8853,  8864,  8866,  8872,  8874,  9221,  9236,  9238,  9241,
         9253,  9284,  9285,  9286,  9289,  9298,  9301,  9304,  9306,  9318,  9349,  9361,  9364,  9369,  9377,  9381,
         9481,  9493,  9505,  9513,  9536,  9541,  9544,  9553,  9556,  9557,  9561,  9570,  9573,  9576,  9609,  9616,
         9620,  9621,  9624,  9626,  9633,  9636,  9638,  9641,  9733,  9744,  9746,  9753,  9765,  9793,  9801,  9813,
         9824,  9825,  9833,  9860,  9862,  9872,  9882, 10240, 10242, 10248, 10250, 10261, 10272, 10274, 10280, 10282,
        10309, 10321, 10324, 10341, 10368, 10370, 10376, 10378, 10400, 10402, 10408, 10410, 10505, 10513, 10516, 10521,
        10533, 10566, 10569, 10578, 10581, 10593, 10596, 10598, 10601, 10629, 10640, 10646, 10649, 10660, 10661, 10752,
        10754, 10760, 10762, 10784, 10786, 10792, 10794, 10821, 10833, 10838, 10841, 10853, 10880, 10882, 10888, 10890,
        10901, 10912, 10914, 10920, 10922, 16389, 16401, 16406, 16421, 16457, 16466, 16469, 16472, 16474, 16481, 16484,
        16486, 16532, 16537, 16545, 16550, 16640, 16641, 16644, 16646, 16649, 16658, 16661, 16662, 16664, 16666, 16673,
        16678, 16681, 16709, 16712, 16714, 16721, 16724, 16725, 16726, 16729, 16730, 16741, 16744, 16746, 16769, 16772,
        16774, 16784, 16786, 16789, 16800, 16801, 16802, 16901, 16913, 16916, 16918, 16933, 16961, 16978, 16981, 16986,
        16996, 17001, 17033, 17044, 17061, 17409, 17429, 17433, 17449, 17477, 17480, 17482, 17489, 17492, 17493, 17494,
        17505, 17506, 17509, 17512, 17514, 17537, 17542, 17545, 17552, 17554, 17557, 17568, 17569, 17577, 17665, 17666,
        17669, 17674, 17681, 17684, 17685, 17686, 17689, 17696, 17701, 17706, 17729, 17732, 17733, 17734, 17737, 17744,
        17745, 17748, 17749, 17750, 17752, 17753, 17761, 17764, 17765, 17766, 17769, 17794, 17796, 17797, 17800, 17809,
        17812, 17813, 17814, 17817, 17818, 17829, 17832, 17834, 17921, 17925, 17929, 17940, 17941, 17944, 17946, 17953,
        17956, 17961, 17984, 17986, 17989, 17992, 18000, 18001, 18002, 18005, 18006, 18009, 18018, 18021, 18024, 18049,
        18053, 18058, 18068, 18069, 18081, 18084, 18086, 18437, 18449, 18453, 18458, 18469, 18498, 18505, 18512, 18517,
        18520, 18529, 18532, 18534, 18537, 18565, 18577, 18580, 18582, 18585, 18597, 18689, 18693, 18694, 18698, 18704,
        18708, 18709, 18712, 18721, 18724, 18726, 18752, 18757, 18762, 18769, 18770, 18772, 18773, 18774, 18777, 18784,
        18786, 18789, 18790, 18794, 18822, 18825, 18834, 18837, 18838, 18840, 18849, 18852, 18854, 18857, 18966, 19012,
        19014, 19017, 19029, 19032, 19034, 19044, 19049, 19092, 19109, 20481, 20484, 20485, 20486, 20489, 20498, 20501,
        20506, 20513, 20516, 20521, 20544, 20549, 20552, 20561, 20564, 20565, 20566, 20569, 20581, 20584, 20614, 20617,
        20629, 20632, 20640, 20641, 20646, 20649, 20741, 20744, 20745, 20746, 20753, 20756, 20757, 20758, 20760, 20761,
        20768, 20773, 20774, 20776, 20778, 20801, 20804, 20805, 20806, 20809, 20816, 20817, 20818, 20820, 20821, 20822,
        20824, 20825, 20826, 20833, 20836, 20837, 20838, 20841, 20866, 20869, 20881, 20884, 20885, 20886, 20889, 20896,
        20901, 20906, 20993, 20998, 21010, 21013, 21018, 21025, 21028, 21058, 21061, 21066, 21073, 21076, 21077, 21078,
        21081, 21090, 21093, 21125, 21136, 21138, 21141, 21145, 21146, 21156, 21508, 21509, 21521, 21524, 21525, 21526,
        21528, 21529, 21537, 21541, 21544, 21546, 21569, 21572, 21573, 21574, 21577, 21578, 21584, 21585, 21588, 21589,
        21590, 21592, 21593, 21594, 21601, 21602, 21604, 21605, 21606, 21609, 21632, 21640, 21642, 21649, 21652, 21653,
        21654, 21657, 21665, 21668, 21669, 21674, 21761, 21762, 21764, 21765, 21766, 21769, 21776, 21777, 21778, 21780,
        21781, 21782, 21785, 21786, 21793, 21796, 21797, 21798, 21801, 21824, 21825, 21826, 21828, 21829, 21830, 21832,
        21833, 21840, 21841, 21842, 21844, 21845, 21846, 21848, 21849, 21850, 21856, 21857, 21860, 21861, 21862, 21864,
        21865, 21866, 21889, 21892, 21893, 21897, 21898, 21904, 21905, 21908, 21909, 21910, 21912, 21913, 21921, 21924,
        21925, 21926, 21929, 22016, 22017, 22018, 22020, 22022, 22024, 22025, 22033, 22036, 22037, 22040, 22041, 22048,
        22049, 22050, 22052, 22053, 22054, 22056, 22057, 22081, 22085, 22086, 22088, 22089, 22090, 22096, 22097, 22098,
        22100, 22101, 22102, 22104, 22105, 22106, 22113, 22116, 22117, 22121, 22146, 22149, 22150, 22152, 22153, 22154,
        22161, 22165, 22170, 22178, 22181, 22182, 22184, 22185, 22532, 22533, 22534, 22537, 22544, 22549, 22552, 22561,
        22570, 22597, 22600, 22602, 22609, 22612, 22613, 22614, 22616, 22617, 22624, 22626, 22628, 22629, 22658, 22665,
        22672, 22674, 22677, 22680, 22689, 22697, 22785, 22786, 22789, 22794, 22801, 22804, 22805, 22806, 22809, 22821,
        22849, 22852, 22853, 22854, 22857, 22864, 22865, 22866, 22868, 22869, 22870, 22872, 22873, 22874, 22881, 22884,
        22885, 22886, 22889, 22913, 22917, 22921, 22929, 22932, 22933, 22934, 22936, 22937, 22949, 23044, 23048, 23061,
        23066, 23072, 23077, 23078, 23081, 23109, 23112, 23113, 23121, 23125, 23126, 23128, 23129, 23138, 23141, 23144,
        23146, 23169, 23178, 23186, 23189, 23190, 23192, 23194, 23201, 24581, 24596, 24598, 24601, 24613, 24644, 24656,
        24661, 24662, 24664, 24666, 24673, 24676, 24678, 24681, 24705, 24726, 24741, 24833, 24836, 24838, 24841, 24850,
        24853, 24865, 24866, 24870, 24873, 24901, 24905, 24913, 24917, 24918, 24921, 24933, 24934, 24938, 24964, 24970,
        24978, 24981, 24993, 24998, 25001, 25105, 25110, 25113, 25152, 25153, 25158, 25173, 25174, 25176, 25184, 25221,
        25233, 25238, 25253, 25617, 25618, 25621, 25622, 25626, 25633, 25638, 25641, 25664, 25666, 25669, 25672, 25674,
        25681, 25684, 25685, 25686, 25689, 25690, 25696, 25698, 25701, 25732, 25733, 25737, 25744, 25746, 25748, 25749,
        25750, 25752, 25754, 25761, 25764, 25769, 25861, 25864, 25866, 25873, 25877, 25878, 25881, 25924, 25925, 25926,
        25929, 25936, 25937, 25940, 25941, 25942, 25945, 25953, 25956, 25957, 25958, 25961, 25990, 25993, 25994, 26001,
        26005, 26006, 26009, 26010, 26018, 26021, 26022, 26024, 26114, 26121, 26133, 26144, 26150, 26152, 26153, 26176,
        26181, 26184, 26186, 26193, 26196, 26197, 26198, 26200, 26202, 26208, 26213, 26216, 26240, 26242, 26245, 26250,
        26260, 26262, 26264, 26265, 26272, 26276, 26278, 26282, 26646, 26649, 26661, 26689, 26706, 26709, 26714, 26721,
        26729, 26757, 26769, 26776, 26790, 26881, 26884, 26896, 26901, 26913, 26916, 26918, 26921, 26944, 26945, 26949,
        26950, 26952, 26961, 26964, 26965, 26966, 26969, 26976, 26981, 26986, 27010, 27012, 27018, 27029, 27041, 27044,
        27045, 27049, 27153, 27158, 27160, 27201, 27204, 27209, 27216, 27221, 27224, 27226, 27236, 27237, 27241, 27270,
        27284, 27288, 27290, 27302, 32768, 32770, 32776, 32778, 32800, 32802, 32808, 32810, 32837, 32848, 32849, 32852,
        32854, 32857, 32869, 32896, 32898, 32904, 32906, 32917, 32928, 32930, 32936, 32938, 33029, 33041, 33044, 33046,
        33049, 33061, 33089, 33092, 33097, 33104, 33106, 33109, 33110, 33112, 33113, 33124, 33126, 33129, 33157, 33161,
        33172, 33174, 33177, 33189, 33280, 33282, 33288, 33290, 33301, 33312, 33314, 33320, 33322, 33361, 33364, 33369,
        33381, 33408, 33410, 33416, 33418, 33429, 33440, 33442, 33448, 33450, 33812, 33817, 33857, 33860, 33873, 33877,
        33882, 33889, 33892, 33897, 33940, 33945, 34049, 34057, 34066, 34069, 34074, 34086, 34089, 34112, 34113, 34117,
        34120, 34129, 34132, 34133, 34134, 34137, 34138, 34149, 34150, 34152, 34154, 34177, 34180, 34182, 34185, 34192,
        34194, 34197, 34200, 34214, 34321, 34326, 34329, 34341, 34369, 34372, 34377, 34378, 34384, 34389, 34393, 34394,
        34401, 34406, 34410, 34437, 34449, 34458, 34468, 34816, 34818, 34824, 34826, 34837, 34848, 34850, 34856, 34858,
        34881, 34885, 34897, 34900, 34905, 34917, 34921, 34944, 34946, 34952, 34954, 34965, 34976, 34978, 34984, 34986,
        35077, 35078, 35089, 35092, 35094, 35109, 35137, 35140, 35142, 35145, 35152, 35154, 35157, 35162, 35169, 35172,
        35205, 35222, 35225, 35237, 35328, 35330, 35336, 35338, 35349, 35360, 35362, 35368, 35370, 35397, 35409, 35412,
        35414, 35456, 35458, 35464, 35466, 35477, 35488, 35490, 35496, 35498, 36869, 36881, 36886, 36888, 36889, 36901,
        36929, 36934, 36937, 36949, 36952, 36954, 36969, 36970, 36997, 37009, 37012, 37014, 37017, 37029, 37121, 37124,
        37126, 37129, 37136, 37141, 37144, 37146, 37153, 37156, 37158, 37161, 37184, 37189, 37200, 37201, 37204, 37205,
        37206, 37209, 37218, 37221, 37252, 37254, 37266, 37269, 37272, 37281, 37284, 37286, 37289, 37381, 37393, 37396,
        37401, 37413, 37444, 37446, 37449, 37456, 37458, 37461, 37464, 37478, 37481, 37509, 37524, 37526, 37545, 37889,
        37892, 37894, 37904, 37909, 37912, 37926, 37952, 37962, 37969, 37972, 37973, 37974, 37976, 37977, 37984, 37985,
        37986, 37989, 38020, 38022, 38034, 38036, 38037, 38040, 38049, 38057, 38144, 38149, 38152, 38154, 38160, 38161,
        38164, 38165, 38166, 38169, 38177, 38181, 38185, 38186, 38209, 38212, 38213, 38214, 38217, 38224, 38225, 38226,
        38228, 38229, 38230, 38232, 38233, 38234, 38241, 38244, 38245, 38246, 38249, 38273, 38277, 38280, 38289, 38290,
        38292, 38293, 38294, 38297, 38298, 38304, 38306, 38309, 38312, 38314, 38401, 38404, 38416, 38421, 38425, 38432,
        38438, 38441, 38469, 38472, 38473, 38481, 38482, 38485, 38486, 38489, 38501, 38504, 38530, 38532, 38537, 38538,
        38546, 38548, 38549, 38564, 38566, 38569, 38917, 38934, 38937, 38949, 38977, 38982, 38992, 38994, 38997, 38998,
        39002, 39012, 39013, 39045, 39057, 39062, 39065, 39077, 39172, 39174, 39177, 39184, 39186, 39189, 39192, 39194,
        39200, 39201, 39204, 39206, 39232, 39234, 39237, 39240, 39242, 39249, 39252, 39253, 39254, 39257, 39266, 39269,
        39270, 39274, 39297, 39300, 39312, 39314, 39317, 39322, 39329, 39334, 39429, 39445, 39461, 39492, 39494, 39497,
        39504, 39509, 39512, 39521, 39557, 39569, 39572, 39573, 39574, 40960, 40962, 40968, 40970, 40981, 40992, 40994,
        41000, 41002, 41029, 41041, 41044, 41046, 41049, 41088, 41090, 41096, 41098, 41109, 41120, 41122, 41128, 41130,
        41221, 41225, 41233, 41236, 41238, 41241, 41242, 41286, 41289, 41297, 41301, 41304, 41306, 41313, 41316, 41349,
        41360, 41362, 41366, 41369, 41474, 41480, 41482, 41488, 41497, 41506, 41512, 41514, 41541, 41553, 41558, 41561,
        41573, 41600, 41602, 41608, 41610, 41621, 41632, 41634, 41640, 41642, 42009, 42021, 42049, 42052, 42064, 42068,
        42069, 42072, 42074, 42081, 42085, 42086, 42088, 42089, 42117, 42246, 42249, 42256, 42258, 42261, 42264, 42278,
        42281, 42306, 42309, 42321, 42324, 42325, 42326, 42329, 42341, 42346, 42369, 42372, 42373, 42374, 42377, 42386,
        42389, 42392, 42501, 42513, 42518, 42522, 42529, 42533, 42564, 42566, 42570, 42578, 42581, 42582, 42584, 42592,
        42594, 42630, 42640, 42645, 42646, 42649, 42657, 42660, 42662, 43008, 43010, 43016, 43018, 43040, 43042, 43048,
        43050, 43089, 43092, 43094, 43097, 43136, 43138, 43144, 43146, 43157, 43168, 43170, 43176, 43178, 43269, 43284,
        43289, 43297, 43301, 43329, 43344, 43349, 43354, 43361, 43366, 43369, 43408, 43414, 43520, 43522, 43528, 43530,
        43552, 43554, 43560, 43562, 43601, 43604, 43606, 43648, 43650, 43656, 43658, 43669, 43680, 43682, 43688, 43690,
    };
    static const uint16_t kgrid_2bit_1024[1024] = {
            0,     2,     5,     8,    10,    17,    20,    22,    25,    32,    34,    37,    40,    65,    68,    70,
           73,    80,    82,    85,    88,    97,   100,   102,   105,   128,   130,   133,   136,   145,   148,   160,
          165,   170,   257,   260,   262,   265,   272,   274,   277,   280,   289,   292,   320,   322,   325,   328,
          337,   340,   342,   345,   352,   357,   360,   385,   388,   400,   402,   405,   417,   420,   512,   514,
          517,   520,   529,   532,   544,   554,   577,   580,   582,   585,   592,   597,   640,   645,   650,   660,
          674,  1025,  1028,  1030,  1033,  1040,  1042,  1045,  1048,  1057,  1060,  1062,  1065,  1088,  1090,  1093,
         1096,  1098,  1105,  1108,  1110,  1113,  1120,  1122,  1125,  1153,  1156,  1158,  1161,  1168,  1173,  1176,
         1185,  1188,  1280,  1282,  1285,  1288,  1290,  1297,  1300,  1302,  1305,  1312,  1317,  1320,  1345,  1348,
         1350,  1353,  1360,  1362,  1365,  1368,  1377,  1380,  1408,  1410,  1413,  1416,  1425,  1428,  1440,  1537,
         1540,  1542,  1545,  1552,  1557,  1600,  1605,  1608,  1617,  1620,  1632,  1665,  1668,  1680,  2048,  2050,
         2053,  2056,  2065,  2068,  2070,  2073,  2080,  2085,  2090,  2113,  2116,  2118,  2121,  2128,  2130,  2133,
         2136,  2145,  2148,  2176,  2181,  2196,  2218,  2305,  2308,  2320,  2322,  2325,  2328,  2337,  2368,  2373,
         2376,  2385,  2388,  2400,  2433,  2448,  2560,  2577,  2580,  2594,  2600,  2602,  2640,  2713,  4097,  4100,
         4102,  4105,  4112,  4114,  4117,  4120,  4129,  4132,  4134,  4160,  4162,  4165,  4168,  4177,  4180,  4182,
         4185,  4192,  4194,  4197,  4200,  4225,  4228,  4230,  4240,  4245,  4248,  4257,  4260,  4352,  4354,  4357,
         4360,  4362,  4369,  4372,  4374,  4377,  4384,  4386,  4389,  4392,  4417,  4420,  4422,  4425,  4432,  4434,
         4437,  4440,  4449,  4452,  4480,  4482,  4485,  4488,  4497,  4500,  4609,  4612,  4617,  4624,  4629,  4641,
         4644,  4672,  4677,  4689,  4692,  4737,  4740,  4752,  5120,  5122,  5125,  5128,  5137,  5140,  5142,  5145,
         5152,  5157,  5160,  5185,  5188,  5190,  5193,  5200,  5202,  5205,  5208,  5217,  5220,  5248,  5250,  5253,
         5256,  5265,  5268,  5280,  5377,  5380,  5382,  5385,  5392,  5394,  5397,  5400,  5409,  5412,  5440,  5442,
         5445,  5448,  5457,  5460,  5472,  5505,  5508,  5520,  5632,  5637,  5640,  5649,  5652,  5664,  5697,  5700,
         5712,  5760,  5802,  6145,  6148,  6150,  6153,  6160,  6165,  6168,  6177,  6208,  6210,  6213,  6216,  6225,
         6228,  6240,  6273,  6276,  6400,  6402,  6405,  6408,  6417,  6420,  6432,  6465,  6468,  6480,  6505,  6562,
         6660,  6672,  6720,  6742,  8192,  8194,  8197,  8200,  8209,  8212,  8214,  8217,  8224,  8229,  8234,  8257,
         8260,  8272,  8274,  8277,  8292,  8320,  8330,  8340,  8362,  8449,  8452,  8464,  8466,  8469,  8481,  8512,
         8514,  8517,  8529,  8532,  8544,  8577,  8580,  8592,  8704,  8714,  8738,  8744,  8746,  8772,  8784,  8840,
         8842,  8872,  9217,  9220,  9222,  9225,  9232,  9237,  9240,  9249,  9252,  9280,  9282,  9285,  9288,  9297,
         9300,  9312,  9345,  9348,  9360,  9472,  9477,  9480,  9489,  9492,  9504,  9537,  9540,  9552,  9574,  9600,
         9729,  9732,  9744,  9792,  9817, 10240, 10245, 10257, 10260, 10305, 10308, 10320, 10378, 10410, 10497, 10500,
        10512, 10645, 10762, 10786, 10852, 10888, 10890, 16385, 16388, 16390, 16393, 16400, 16402, 16405, 16408, 16410,
        16417, 16420, 16422, 16448, 16450, 16453, 16456, 16458, 16465, 16468, 16470, 16473, 16480, 16482, 16485, 16513,
        16516, 16528, 16533, 16536, 16545, 16548, 16640, 16642, 16645, 16648, 16657, 16660, 16662, 16665, 16672, 16674,
        16677, 16705, 16708, 16710, 16713, 16720, 16722, 16725, 16728, 16737, 16740, 16768, 16770, 16773, 16776, 16785,
        16788, 16800, 16897, 16900, 16912, 16914, 16917, 16920, 16932, 16960, 16965, 16968, 16977, 16980, 16992, 17025,
        17028, 17408, 17410, 17413, 17416, 17418, 17425, 17428, 17430, 17433, 17440, 17442, 17445, 17448, 17473, 17476,
        17478, 17481, 17488, 17490, 17493, 17496, 17505, 17508, 17536, 17538, 17541, 17544, 17553, 17556, 17568, 17665,
        17668, 17670, 17673, 17680, 17682, 17685, 17688, 17697, 17700, 17728, 17730, 17733, 17736, 17745, 17748, 17760,
        17770, 17793, 17796, 17808, 17920, 17922, 17925, 17928, 17937, 17940, 17952, 17985, 17988, 18000, 18048, 18085,
        18433, 18436, 18441, 18448, 18450, 18453, 18456, 18465, 18468, 18496, 18498, 18501, 18504, 18513, 18516, 18528,
        18564, 18576, 18688, 18690, 18693, 18696, 18705, 18708, 18720, 18753, 18756, 18768, 18816, 18838, 18945, 18948,
        18960, 19008, 20480, 20482, 20485, 20488, 20497, 20500, 20502, 20505, 20512, 20514, 20517, 20520, 20545, 20548,
        20550, 20553, 20560, 20562, 20565, 20568, 20577, 20580, 20608, 20610, 20613, 20616, 20625, 20628, 20737, 20740,
        20742, 20745, 20752, 20754, 20757, 20760, 20769, 20772, 20800, 20802, 20805, 20808, 20817, 20820, 20832, 20865,
        20868, 20880, 20992, 20997, 21000, 21009, 21012, 21024, 21057, 21060, 21072, 21097, 21120, 21505, 21508, 21510,
        21513, 21520, 21522, 21525, 21528, 21537, 21540, 21568, 21570, 21573, 21576, 21585, 21588, 21600, 21633, 21636,
        21648, 21760, 21762, 21765, 21768, 21777, 21780, 21792, 21825, 21828, 21840, 21888, 22017, 22020, 22032, 22054,
        22080, 22528, 22530, 22533, 22536, 22545, 22548, 22560, 22593, 22596, 22608, 22618, 22656, 22785, 22788, 22800,
        22848, 23040, 23065, 23173, 23208, 24577, 24580, 24582, 24592, 24594, 24597, 24600, 24609, 24612, 24640, 24645,
        24648, 24657, 24660, 24672, 24708, 24720, 24832, 24834, 24837, 24840, 24849, 24852, 24864, 24897, 24900, 24912,
        24960, 24985, 25092, 25104, 25152, 25174, 25249, 25600, 25605, 25608, 25617, 25620, 25632, 25665, 25668, 25680,
        25728, 25857, 25860, 25872, 25920, 25930, 25960, 26002, 26112, 26260, 26625, 26628, 26640, 26725, 26776, 26880,
        26922, 27202, 27297, 32768, 32770, 32773, 32776, 32785, 32788, 32793, 32800, 32805, 32833, 32836, 32848, 32850,
        32853, 32856, 32865, 32896, 32901, 32913, 32916, 33025, 33028, 33033, 33040, 33042, 33045, 33048, 33057, 33060,
        33088, 33090, 33093, 33096, 33105, 33108, 33153, 33156, 33168, 33193, 33280, 33285, 33290, 33297, 33300, 33345,
        33348, 33360, 33793, 33796, 33798, 33801, 33808, 33810, 33813, 33816, 33825, 33856, 33858, 33861, 33864, 33873,
        33876, 33888, 33921, 33924, 33936, 34048, 34050, 34053, 34056, 34065, 34068, 34080, 34113, 34116, 34128, 34176,
        34186, 34305, 34308, 34320, 34345, 34368, 34816, 34821, 34833, 34836, 34881, 34884, 34896, 34978, 35073, 35076,
        35136, 35173, 35362, 35416, 35418, 35458, 35490, 36865, 36868, 36873, 36880, 36882, 36885, 36888, 36900, 36928,
        36930, 36933, 36936, 36945, 36948, 36960, 36993, 36996, 37008, 37120, 37125, 37137, 37140, 37185, 37188, 37200,
        37210, 37377, 37380, 37392, 37440, 37542, 37888, 37890, 37893, 37896, 37905, 37908, 37920, 37953, 37956, 37968,
        38016, 38038, 38145, 38148, 38160, 38208, 38296, 38305, 38400, 38470, 38500, 38913, 38916, 38928, 38950, 38976,
        39081, 39168, 39241, 39250, 39568, 40960, 40965, 40970, 40980, 40994, 41002, 41025, 41028, 41040, 41122, 41130,
        41280, 41317, 41474, 41482, 41506, 41512, 41514, 41602, 41608, 41610, 41640, 41985, 41988, 42000, 42048, 42121,
        42148, 42240, 42265, 42577, 43018, 43048, 43170, 43348, 43398, 43528, 43530, 43552, 43554, 43560, 43656, 43690,
    };

    const int kmap_size = 43692;
    //const int nwant = type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S ? 3 : 2;
    const int nwant = type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M ? 3 : type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S ? 1 : 2;
    const uint16_t * kgrid = type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS ? kgrid_2bit_256 :
                             type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS  ? kgrid_2bit_512 :
                             type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M ? kgrid_1bit_2048 : kgrid_2bit_1024;
    uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs;
    int      * kmap_q2xs;
    uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs;

    //printf("================================================================= %s(grid_size = %d)\n", __func__, grid_size);
    uint64_t * the_grid = (uint64_t *)malloc(grid_size*sizeof(uint64_t));
    for (int k = 0; k < grid_size; ++k) {
        int8_t * pos = (int8_t *)(the_grid + k);
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            int l = (kgrid[k] >> 2*i) & 0x3;
            pos[i] = 2*l + 1;
        }
    }
    kgrid_q2xs = the_grid;
    iq2_data[gindex].grid = the_grid;
    kmap_q2xs = (int *)malloc(kmap_size*sizeof(int));
    iq2_data[gindex].map = kmap_q2xs;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) kmap_q2xs[i] = -1;
    uint64_t aux64;
    uint8_t * aux8 = (uint8_t *)&aux64;
    for (int i = 0; i < grid_size; ++i) {
        aux64 = kgrid_q2xs[i];
        uint16_t index = 0;
        for (int k=0; k<8; ++k) {
            uint16_t q = (aux8[k] - 1)/2;
            index |= (q << 2*k);
        }
        kmap_q2xs[index] = i;
    }
    int8_t pos[8];
    int * dist2 = (int *)malloc(2*grid_size*sizeof(int));
    int num_neighbors = 0, num_not_in_map = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) {
        if (kmap_q2xs[i] >= 0) continue;
        ++num_not_in_map;
        for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
            int l = (i >> 2*k) & 0x3;
            pos[k] = 2*l + 1;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + j);
            int d2 = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) d2 += (pg[k] - pos[k])*(pg[k] - pos[k]);
            dist2[2*j+0] = d2;
            dist2[2*j+1] = j;
        }
        qsort(dist2, grid_size, 2*sizeof(int), iq2_compare_func);
        int n = 0; int d2 = dist2[0];
        int nhave = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            if (dist2[2*j] > d2) {
                if (nhave == nwant) break;
                d2 = dist2[2*j];
                ++nhave;
            }
            ++n;
        }
        num_neighbors += n;
    }
    //printf("%s: %d neighbours in total\n", __func__, num_neighbors);
    kneighbors_q2xs = (uint16_t *)malloc((num_neighbors + num_not_in_map)*sizeof(uint16_t));
    iq2_data[gindex].neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs;
    int counter = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) {
        if (kmap_q2xs[i] >= 0) continue;
        for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
            int l = (i >> 2*k) & 0x3;
            pos[k] = 2*l + 1;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + j);
            int d2 = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) d2 += (pg[k] - pos[k])*(pg[k] - pos[k]);
            dist2[2*j+0] = d2;
            dist2[2*j+1] = j;
        }
        qsort(dist2, grid_size, 2*sizeof(int), iq2_compare_func);
        kmap_q2xs[i] = -(counter + 1);
        int d2 = dist2[0];
        uint16_t * start = &kneighbors_q2xs[counter++];
        int n = 0, nhave = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            if (dist2[2*j] > d2) {
                if (nhave == nwant) break;
                d2 = dist2[2*j];
                ++nhave;
            }
            kneighbors_q2xs[counter++] = dist2[2*j+1];
            ++n;
        }
        *start = n;
    }
    free(dist2);
}

void iq2xs_free_impl(enum ggml_type type) {
    GGML_ASSERT(type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M || type == GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S);
    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(type);
    if (iq2_data[gindex].grid) {
        free(iq2_data[gindex].grid);       iq2_data[gindex].grid = NULL;
        free(iq2_data[gindex].map);        iq2_data[gindex].map  = NULL;
        free(iq2_data[gindex].neighbours); iq2_data[gindex].neighbours = NULL;
    }
}

static int iq2_find_best_neighbour(const uint16_t * restrict neighbours, const uint64_t * restrict grid,
        const float * restrict xval, const float * restrict weight, float scale, int8_t * restrict L) {
    int num_neighbors = neighbours[0];
    GGML_ASSERT(num_neighbors > 0);
    float best_d2 = FLT_MAX;
    int grid_index = -1;
    for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
        const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
        float d2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            float q = pg[i];
            float diff = scale*q - xval[i];
            d2 += weight[i]*diff*diff;
        }
        if (d2 < best_d2) {
            best_d2 = d2; grid_index = neighbours[j];
        }
    }
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + grid_index);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) L[i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
    return grid_index;
}

static void quantize_row_iq2_xxs_impl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n, const float * restrict quant_weights) {

    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS);

    const uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs      = iq2_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q2xs       = iq2_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs = iq2_data[gindex].neighbours;

    GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q2xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q2xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q2xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    const int kMaxQ = 3;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    block_iq2_xxs * y = vy;

    float scales[QK_K/32];
    float weight[32];
    float xval[32];
    int8_t L[32];
    int8_t Laux[32];
    float  waux[32];
    uint8_t block_signs[4];
    uint32_t q2[2*(QK_K/32)];

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        memset(q2, 0, QK_K/4);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + 32*ib;
            const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + 32*ib;
            for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) waux[i] = sqrtf(weight[i]);
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                int nflip = 0;
                uint8_t s = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                    if (xb[8*k + i] >= 0) xval[8*k + i] = xb[8*k + i];
                    else {
                        xval[8*k + i] = -xb[8*k + i]; ++nflip; s |= (1 << i);
                    }
                }
                if (nflip%2) {
                    int imin = 0; float min = weight[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin];
                    for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
                        float ax = weight[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i];
                        if (ax < min) {
                            min = ax; imin = i;
                        }
                    }
                    xval[8*k+imin] = -xval[8*k+imin];
                    s ^= (1 << imin);
                }
                block_signs[k] = s & 127;
            }
            float max = xval[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < 32; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                memset(L, 0, 32);
                continue;
            }
            float scale = make_qp_quants(32, kMaxQ+1, xval, (uint8_t*)L, weight);
            float eff_max = scale*kMaxQ;
            float best = 0;
            for (int is = -6; is <= 6; ++is) {
                float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.1f)/eff_max;
                float this_scale = 1/id;
                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        Laux[8*k+i] = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                    }
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (Laux[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, this_scale, Laux + 8*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*Laux[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                    scale = sumqx/sumq2; best = scale*sumqx;
                    memcpy(L, Laux, 32);
                }
            }
            if (scale > 0) {
                float id = 1/scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        l = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                        u |= (l << 2*i);
                    }
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, scale, L + 8*k);
                    }
                    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + grid_index);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) L[8*k+i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*L[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            if (scale < 0) {
                // This should never happen, but just in case, flip scale so that it is positive (we use uint's to encode the scale)
                // and correspondingly flip quant signs.
                scale = -scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) block_signs[k] = (~block_signs[k]) & 127;
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (L[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    printf("Oops: found point %u not on grid:", u);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) printf(" %d", L[8*k+i]);
                    printf("\n");
                    GGML_ASSERT(false);
                }
                q2[2*ib+0] |= (grid_index << 8*k);
                q2[2*ib+1] |= (block_signs[k] << 7*k);
            }
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            memset(y[ibl].qs, 0, QK_K/4);
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/31;
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib]-1));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            q2[2*ib+1] |= ((uint32_t)l << 28);
        }
        memcpy(y[ibl].qs, q2, QK_K/4);
    }
}

static void quantize_row_iq2_xs_impl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n, const float * restrict quant_weights) {

    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS);

    const uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs      = iq2_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q2xs       = iq2_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs = iq2_data[gindex].neighbours;

    GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q2xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q2xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q2xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    const int kMaxQ = 3;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    block_iq2_xs * y = vy;

    float scales[QK_K/16];
    float weight[16];
    float xval[16];
    int8_t L[16];
    int8_t Laux[16];
    float  waux[16];
    bool   is_on_grid[2];
    bool   is_on_grid_aux[2];
    uint8_t block_signs[2];
    uint16_t q2[2*(QK_K/16)];

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        memset(q2, 0, QK_K/4);
        memset(y[ibl].scales, 0, QK_K/32);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + 16*ib;
            const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + 16*ib;
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) waux[i] = sqrtf(weight[i]);
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                int nflip = 0;
                uint8_t s = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                    if (xb[8*k + i] >= 0) xval[8*k + i] = xb[8*k + i];
                    else {
                        xval[8*k + i] = -xb[8*k + i]; ++nflip; s |= (1 << i);
                    }
                }
                if (nflip%2) {
                    int imin = 0; float min = weight[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin];
                    for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
                        float ax = weight[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i];
                        if (ax < min) {
                            min = ax; imin = i;
                        }
                    }
                    xval[8*k+imin] = -xval[8*k+imin];
                    s ^= (1 << imin);
                }
                block_signs[k] = s & 127;
            }
            float max = xval[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < 16; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                memset(L, 0, 16);
                continue;
            }
            float best = 0;
            float scale = max/(2*kMaxQ-1);
            is_on_grid[0] = is_on_grid[1] = true;
            for (int is = -9; is <= 9; ++is) {
                float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.1f)/max;
                float this_scale = 1/id;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        Laux[8*k+i] = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                    }
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (Laux[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    is_on_grid_aux[k] = true;
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        is_on_grid_aux[k] = false;
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, this_scale, Laux + 8*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*Laux[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                    scale = sumqx/sumq2; best = scale*sumqx;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) L[i] = Laux[i];
                    for (int k = 0; k <  2; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = is_on_grid_aux[k];
                }
            }
            int n_not_ongrid = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) if (!is_on_grid[k]) ++n_not_ongrid;
            if (n_not_ongrid > 0 && scale > 0) {
                float id = 1/scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                    if (is_on_grid[k]) continue;
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        l = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                        u |= (l << 2*i);
                        L[8*k + i] = l;
                    }
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, scale, L + 8*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*L[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            if (scale < 0) {
                scale = -scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) block_signs[k] = (~block_signs[k]) & 127;
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (L[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    printf("Oops: found point %u not on grid:", u);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) printf(" %d", L[8*k+i]);
                    printf("\n");
                    GGML_ASSERT(false);
                }
                q2[2*ib+k] = grid_index | (block_signs[k] << 9);
            }
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            memset(y[ibl].qs, 0, QK_K/4);
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/31;
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib]-1));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            if (ib%2 == 0) y[ibl].scales[ib/2] = l;
            else y[ibl].scales[ib/2] |= (l << 4);
        }
        memcpy(y[ibl].qs, q2, QK_K/4);

    }
}

size_t quantize_iq2_xxs(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq2_xxs_impl(src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq2_xxs);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq2_xxs);
}

size_t quantize_iq2_xs(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq2_xs_impl(src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq2_xs);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq2_xs);
}

//
// ============================================= 3-bit using D4 lattice
//

typedef struct {
    uint32_t * grid;
    int      * map;
    uint16_t * neighbours;
} iq3_entry_t;

static iq3_entry_t iq3_data[2] = {
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
};

static inline int iq3_data_index(int grid_size) {
    (void)grid_size;
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_size == 256 || grid_size == 512);
    return grid_size == 256 ? 0 : 1;
}

static int iq3_compare_func(const void * left, const void * right) {
    const int * l = (const int *)left;
    const int * r = (const int *)right;
    return l[0] < r[0] ? -1 : l[0] > r[0] ? 1 : l[1] < r[1] ? -1 : l[1] > r[1] ? 1 : 0;
}

void iq3xs_init_impl(int grid_size) {
    const int gindex = iq3_data_index(grid_size);
    if (iq3_data[gindex].grid) {
        return;
    }
    static const uint16_t kgrid_256[256] = {
            0,     2,     4,     9,    11,    15,    16,    18,    25,    34,    59,    61,    65,    67,    72,    74,
           81,    85,    88,    90,    97,   108,   120,   128,   130,   132,   137,   144,   146,   153,   155,   159,
          169,   175,   189,   193,   199,   200,   202,   213,   248,   267,   287,   292,   303,   315,   317,   321,
          327,   346,   362,   413,   436,   456,   460,   462,   483,   497,   513,   515,   520,   522,   529,   531,
          536,   538,   540,   551,   552,   576,   578,   585,   592,   594,   641,   643,   648,   650,   657,   664,
          698,   704,   706,   720,   729,   742,   758,   769,   773,   808,   848,   852,   870,   889,   901,   978,
          992,  1024,  1026,  1033,  1035,  1040,  1042,  1046,  1049,  1058,  1089,  1091,  1093,  1096,  1098,  1105,
         1112,  1139,  1143,  1144,  1152,  1154,  1161,  1167,  1168,  1170,  1183,  1184,  1197,  1217,  1224,  1228,
         1272,  1276,  1309,  1323,  1347,  1367,  1377,  1404,  1473,  1475,  1486,  1509,  1537,  1544,  1546,  1553,
         1555,  1576,  1589,  1594,  1600,  1602,  1616,  1625,  1636,  1638,  1665,  1667,  1672,  1685,  1706,  1722,
         1737,  1755,  1816,  1831,  1850,  1856,  1862,  1874,  1901,  1932,  1950,  1971,  2011,  2032,  2052,  2063,
         2077,  2079,  2091,  2095,  2172,  2192,  2207,  2208,  2224,  2230,  2247,  2277,  2308,  2345,  2356,  2389,
         2403,  2424,  2501,  2504,  2506,  2520,  2570,  2593,  2616,  2624,  2630,  2646,  2669,  2700,  2714,  2746,
         2754,  2795,  2824,  2835,  2839,  2874,  2882,  2905,  2984,  3028,  3042,  3092,  3108,  3110,  3124,  3153,
         3185,  3215,  3252,  3288,  3294,  3364,  3397,  3434,  3483,  3523,  3537,  3587,  3589,  3591,  3592,  3610,
         3626,  3670,  3680,  3722,  3749,  3754,  3776,  3789,  3803,  3824,  3857,  3873,  3904,  3906,  3924,  3992,
    };
    static const uint16_t kgrid_512[512] = {
            0,     1,     2,     5,     7,     8,     9,    10,    12,    14,    16,    17,    21,    27,    32,    34,
           37,    39,    41,    43,    48,    50,    57,    60,    63,    64,    65,    66,    68,    72,    73,    77,
           80,    83,    87,    89,    93,   100,   113,   117,   122,   128,   129,   133,   135,   136,   139,   142,
          145,   149,   152,   156,   162,   165,   167,   169,   171,   184,   187,   195,   201,   205,   208,   210,
          217,   219,   222,   228,   232,   234,   247,   249,   253,   256,   267,   271,   273,   276,   282,   288,
          291,   297,   312,   322,   324,   336,   338,   342,   347,   353,   357,   359,   374,   379,   390,   393,
          395,   409,   426,   441,   448,   450,   452,   464,   466,   470,   475,   488,   492,   512,   513,   514,
          516,   520,   521,   523,   525,   527,   528,   530,   537,   540,   542,   556,   558,   561,   570,   576,
          577,   579,   582,   584,   588,   593,   600,   603,   609,   616,   618,   632,   638,   640,   650,   653,
          655,   656,   660,   666,   672,   675,   685,   688,   698,   705,   708,   711,   712,   715,   721,   727,
          728,   732,   737,   754,   760,   771,   773,   778,   780,   793,   795,   802,   806,   808,   812,   833,
          840,   843,   849,   856,   858,   873,   912,   916,   919,   932,   934,   961,   963,   968,   970,   977,
          989,   993,  1010,  1016,  1024,  1025,  1027,  1029,  1031,  1032,  1034,  1036,  1038,  1041,  1043,  1047,
         1048,  1050,  1057,  1059,  1061,  1064,  1066,  1079,  1080,  1083,  1085,  1088,  1090,  1096,  1099,  1103,
         1106,  1109,  1113,  1116,  1122,  1129,  1153,  1156,  1159,  1169,  1171,  1176,  1183,  1185,  1195,  1199,
         1209,  1212,  1216,  1218,  1221,  1225,  1234,  1236,  1241,  1243,  1250,  1256,  1270,  1281,  1287,  1296,
         1299,  1306,  1309,  1313,  1338,  1341,  1348,  1353,  1362,  1375,  1376,  1387,  1400,  1408,  1410,  1415,
         1425,  1453,  1457,  1477,  1481,  1494,  1496,  1507,  1512,  1538,  1545,  1547,  1549,  1551,  1554,  1561,
         1563,  1565,  1570,  1572,  1575,  1577,  1587,  1593,  1601,  1603,  1605,  1612,  1617,  1619,  1632,  1648,
         1658,  1662,  1664,  1674,  1680,  1690,  1692,  1704,  1729,  1736,  1740,  1745,  1747,  1751,  1752,  1761,
         1763,  1767,  1773,  1787,  1795,  1801,  1806,  1810,  1817,  1834,  1840,  1844,  1857,  1864,  1866,  1877,
         1882,  1892,  1902,  1915,  1934,  1953,  1985,  1987,  2000,  2002,  2013,  2048,  2052,  2058,  2064,  2068,
         2071,  2074,  2081,  2088,  2104,  2114,  2119,  2121,  2123,  2130,  2136,  2141,  2147,  2153,  2157,  2177,
         2179,  2184,  2189,  2193,  2203,  2208,  2223,  2226,  2232,  2244,  2249,  2251,  2256,  2258,  2265,  2269,
         2304,  2306,  2324,  2335,  2336,  2361,  2373,  2375,  2385,  2418,  2443,  2460,  2480,  2504,  2509,  2520,
         2531,  2537,  2562,  2568,  2572,  2578,  2592,  2596,  2599,  2602,  2614,  2620,  2625,  2627,  2629,  2634,
         2641,  2650,  2682,  2688,  2697,  2707,  2712,  2718,  2731,  2754,  2759,  2760,  2775,  2788,  2793,  2805,
         2811,  2817,  2820,  2832,  2842,  2854,  2890,  2902,  2921,  2923,  2978,  3010,  3012,  3026,  3081,  3083,
         3085,  3097,  3099,  3120,  3136,  3152,  3159,  3188,  3210,  3228,  3234,  3245,  3250,  3256,  3264,  3276,
         3281,  3296,  3349,  3363,  3378,  3392,  3395,  3420,  3440,  3461,  3488,  3529,  3531,  3584,  3588,  3591,
         3600,  3602,  3614,  3616,  3628,  3634,  3650,  3657,  3668,  3683,  3685,  3713,  3716,  3720,  3726,  3729,
         3736,  3753,  3778,  3802,  3805,  3819,  3841,  3845,  3851,  3856,  3880,  3922,  3938,  3970,  3993,  4032,
    };

    const int kmap_size = 4096;
    const int nwant = grid_size == 256 ? 2 : 3;
    const uint16_t * kgrid = grid_size == 256 ? kgrid_256 : kgrid_512;
    uint32_t * kgrid_q3xs;
    int      * kmap_q3xs;
    uint16_t * kneighbors_q3xs;

    //printf("================================================================= %s(grid_size = %d)\n", __func__, grid_size);
    uint32_t * the_grid = (uint32_t *)malloc(grid_size*sizeof(uint32_t));
    for (int k = 0; k < grid_size; ++k) {
        int8_t * pos = (int8_t *)(the_grid + k);
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            int l = (kgrid[k] >> 3*i) & 0x7;
            pos[i] = 2*l + 1;
        }
    }
    kgrid_q3xs = the_grid;
    iq3_data[gindex].grid = the_grid;
    kmap_q3xs = (int *)malloc(kmap_size*sizeof(int));
    iq3_data[gindex].map = kmap_q3xs;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) kmap_q3xs[i] = -1;
    uint32_t aux32;
    uint8_t * aux8 = (uint8_t *)&aux32;
    for (int i = 0; i < grid_size; ++i) {
        aux32 = kgrid_q3xs[i];
        uint16_t index = 0;
        for (int k=0; k<4; ++k) {
            uint16_t q = (aux8[k] - 1)/2;
            index |= (q << 3*k);
        }
        kmap_q3xs[index] = i;
    }
    int8_t pos[4];
    int * dist2 = (int *)malloc(2*grid_size*sizeof(int));
    int num_neighbors = 0, num_not_in_map = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) {
        if (kmap_q3xs[i] >= 0) continue;
        ++num_not_in_map;
        for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
            int l = (i >> 3*k) & 0x7;
            pos[k] = 2*l + 1;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q3xs + j);
            int d2 = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) d2 += (pg[k] - pos[k])*(pg[k] - pos[k]);
            dist2[2*j+0] = d2;
            dist2[2*j+1] = j;
        }
        qsort(dist2, grid_size, 2*sizeof(int), iq3_compare_func);
        int n = 0; int d2 = dist2[0];
        int nhave = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            if (dist2[2*j] > d2) {
                if (nhave == nwant) break;
                d2 = dist2[2*j];
                ++nhave;
            }
            ++n;
        }
        num_neighbors += n;
    }
    //printf("%s: %d neighbours in total\n", __func__, num_neighbors);
    kneighbors_q3xs = (uint16_t *)malloc((num_neighbors + num_not_in_map)*sizeof(uint16_t));
    iq3_data[gindex].neighbours = kneighbors_q3xs;
    int counter = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < kmap_size; ++i) {
        if (kmap_q3xs[i] >= 0) continue;
        for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
            int l = (i >> 3*k) & 0x7;
            pos[k] = 2*l + 1;
        }
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q3xs + j);
            int d2 = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) d2 += (pg[k] - pos[k])*(pg[k] - pos[k]);
            dist2[2*j+0] = d2;
            dist2[2*j+1] = j;
        }
        qsort(dist2, grid_size, 2*sizeof(int), iq3_compare_func);
        kmap_q3xs[i] = -(counter + 1);
        int d2 = dist2[0];
        uint16_t * start = &kneighbors_q3xs[counter++];
        int n = 0, nhave = 1;
        for (int j = 0; j < grid_size; ++j) {
            if (dist2[2*j] > d2) {
                if (nhave == nwant) break;
                d2 = dist2[2*j];
                ++nhave;
            }
            kneighbors_q3xs[counter++] = dist2[2*j+1];
            ++n;
        }
        *start = n;
    }
    free(dist2);
}

void iq3xs_free_impl(int grid_size) {
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_size == 256 || grid_size == 512);
    const int gindex = iq3_data_index(grid_size);
    if (iq3_data[gindex].grid) {
        free(iq3_data[gindex].grid);       iq3_data[gindex].grid = NULL;
        free(iq3_data[gindex].map);        iq3_data[gindex].map  = NULL;
        free(iq3_data[gindex].neighbours); iq3_data[gindex].neighbours = NULL;
    }
}

static int iq3_find_best_neighbour(const uint16_t * restrict neighbours, const uint32_t * restrict grid,
        const float * restrict xval, const float * restrict weight, float scale, int8_t * restrict L) {
    int num_neighbors = neighbours[0];
    GGML_ASSERT(num_neighbors > 0);
    float best_d2 = FLT_MAX;
    int grid_index = -1;
    for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
        const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
        float d2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
            float q = pg[i];
            float diff = scale*q - xval[i];
            d2 += weight[i]*diff*diff;
        }
        if (d2 < best_d2) {
            best_d2 = d2; grid_index = neighbours[j];
        }
    }
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + grid_index);
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) L[i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
    return grid_index;
}

static void quantize_row_iq3_xxs_impl(int grid_size, const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n,
        const float * restrict quant_weights) {

    const int gindex = iq3_data_index(grid_size);

    const uint32_t * kgrid_q3xs      = iq3_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q3xs       = iq3_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q3xs = iq3_data[gindex].neighbours;

    //GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q3xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q3xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q3xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    const int kMaxQ = 8;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    ggml_fp16_t * dh;
    uint8_t * qs;
    int block_size;
    if (grid_size == 256) {
        block_iq3_xxs * y = vy;
        dh = &y->d;
        qs = y->qs;
        block_size = sizeof(block_iq3_xxs);
    } else {
        block_iq3_s * y = vy;
        dh = &y->d;
        qs = y->qs;
        block_size = sizeof(block_iq3_s);
    }
    int quant_size = block_size - sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);

    float scales[QK_K/32];
    float weight[32];
    float xval[32];
    int8_t L[32];
    int8_t Laux[32];
    float  waux[32];
    bool   is_on_grid[8];
    bool   is_on_grid_aux[8];
    uint8_t block_signs[8];
    uint8_t q3[3*(QK_K/8)+QK_K/32];
    uint32_t * scales_and_signs = (uint32_t *)(q3 + QK_K/4);
    uint8_t  * qh = q3 + 3*(QK_K/8);

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        dh[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        memset(q3, 0, 3*QK_K/8+QK_K/32);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + 32*ib;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + 32*ib;
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) weight[i] = xb[i]*xb[i];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) waux[i] = sqrtf(weight[i]);
            for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                int nflip = 0;
                uint8_t s = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                    if (xb[8*k + i] >= 0) xval[8*k + i] = xb[8*k + i];
                    else {
                        xval[8*k + i] = -xb[8*k + i]; ++nflip; s |= (1 << i);
                    }
                }
                if (nflip%2) {
                    int imin = 0; float min = weight[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin]*xb[8*k+imin];
                    for (int i = 1; i < 8; ++i) {
                        float ax = weight[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i]*xb[8*k+i];
                        if (ax < min) {
                            min = ax; imin = i;
                        }
                    }
                    xval[8*k+imin] = -xval[8*k+imin];
                    s ^= (1 << imin);
                }
                block_signs[k] = s & 127;
            }
            float max = xval[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < 32; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                memset(L, 0, 32);
                continue;
            }
            float best = 0;
            float scale = max/(2*kMaxQ-1);
            for (int is = -15; is <= 15; ++is) {
                float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.2f)/max;
                float this_scale = 1/id;
                for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[4*k+i]-1));
                        Laux[4*k+i] = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                    }
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) u |= (Laux[4*k+i] << 3*i);
                    int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                    is_on_grid_aux[k] = true;
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        is_on_grid_aux[k] = false;
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q3xs - kmap_q3xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq3_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q3xs, xval + 4*k, waux + 4*k, this_scale, Laux + 4*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*Laux[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                    scale = sumqx/sumq2; best = scale*sumqx;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) L[i] = Laux[i];
                    for (int k = 0; k <  8; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = is_on_grid_aux[k];
                }
            }
            int n_not_ongrid = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) if (!is_on_grid[k]) ++n_not_ongrid;
            if (n_not_ongrid > 0 && scale > 0) {
                float id = 1/scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
                    if (is_on_grid[k]) continue;
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[4*k+i]-1));
                        l = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                        u |= (l << 3*i);
                    }
                    int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q3xs - kmap_q3xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq3_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q3xs, xval + 4*k, waux + 4*k, scale, L + 4*k);
                    }
                    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q3xs + grid_index);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) L[4*k+i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*L[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            if (scale < 0) {
                // This should never happen, but just in case, flip scale so that it is positive (we use uint's to encode the scale)
                // and correspondingly flip quant signs.
                scale = -scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) block_signs[k] = (~block_signs[k]) & 127;
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) u |= (L[4*k+i] << 3*i);
                int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    printf("Oops: found point %u not on grid:", u);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) printf(" %d", L[4*k+i]);
                    printf("\n");
                    GGML_ASSERT(false);
                }
                if (grid_size == 256) {
                    q3[8*ib+k] = grid_index;
                } else {
                    q3[8*ib+k] = grid_index & 255;
                    qh[ib] |= ((grid_index >> 8) << k);
                }

            }
            scales_and_signs[ib] = block_signs[0] | (block_signs[1] << 7) | (block_signs[2] << 14) | (block_signs[3] << 21);
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            memset(qs, 0, quant_size);
            dh += block_size/sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
            qs += block_size;
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/31;
        dh[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * 1.0125f);  // small improvement via this fudge factor
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/32; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib]-1));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            scales_and_signs[ib] |= ((uint32_t)l << 28);
        }
        memcpy(qs, q3, quant_size);

        dh += block_size/sizeof(ggml_fp16_t);
        qs += block_size;

    }
}

size_t quantize_iq3_xxs(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq3_xxs_impl(256, src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq3_xxs);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq3_xxs);
}

void quantize_row_iq3_xxs(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_iq3_xxs * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_iq3_xxs_reference(x, y, k);
}

void quantize_row_iq3_xxs_reference(const float * restrict x, block_iq3_xxs * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    quantize_row_iq3_xxs_impl(256, x, y, k, NULL);
}

static void quantize_row_iq3_s_impl(int block_size, const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int n,
        const float * restrict quant_weights,
        float   * scales,
        float   * weight,
        float   * xval,
        int8_t  * L,
        int8_t  * Laux,
        float   * waux,
        bool    * is_on_grid,
        bool    * is_on_grid_aux,
        uint8_t * block_signs) {

    const int gindex = iq3_data_index(512);

    const uint32_t * kgrid_q3xs      = iq3_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q3xs       = iq3_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q3xs = iq3_data[gindex].neighbours;

    //GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q3xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q3xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q3xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    const int kMaxQ = 8;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    block_iq3_s * y = vy;

    const int bs4 = block_size/4;
    const int bs8 = block_size/8;

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        memset(&y[ibl], 0, sizeof(block_iq3_s));
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);

        uint8_t * qs = y[ibl].qs;
        uint8_t * qh = y[ibl].qh;
        uint8_t * signs = y[ibl].signs;

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + block_size*ib;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + block_size*ib;
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = xb[i]*xb[i];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) waux[i] = sqrtf(weight[i]);
            for (int k = 0; k < bs8; ++k) {
                uint8_t s = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                    if (xb[8*k + i] >= 0) xval[8*k + i] = xb[8*k + i];
                    else {
                        xval[8*k + i] = -xb[8*k + i]; s |= (1 << i);
                    }
                }
                block_signs[k] = s;
            }
            float max = xval[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                continue;
            }
            float best = 0;
            float scale = max/(2*kMaxQ-1);
            for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = false;
            for (int is = -9; is <= 9; ++is) {
                float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.2f)/max;
                float this_scale = 1/id;
                for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[4*k+i]-1));
                        Laux[4*k+i] = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                    }
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) u |= (Laux[4*k+i] << 3*i);
                    int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                    is_on_grid_aux[k] = true;
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        is_on_grid_aux[k] = false;
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q3xs - kmap_q3xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq3_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q3xs, xval + 4*k, waux + 4*k, this_scale, Laux + 4*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*Laux[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                    scale = sumqx/sumq2; best = scale*sumqx;
                    for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) L[i] = Laux[i];
                    for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = is_on_grid_aux[k];
                }
            }
            int n_not_ongrid = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) if (!is_on_grid[k]) ++n_not_ongrid;
            if (n_not_ongrid > 0 && scale > 0) {
                float id = 1/scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) {
                    //if (is_on_grid[k]) continue;
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[4*k+i]-1));
                        l = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                        u |= (l << 3*i);
                    }
                    int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q3xs - kmap_q3xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq3_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q3xs, xval + 4*k, waux + 4*k, scale, L + 4*k);
                    }
                    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q3xs + grid_index);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) L[4*k+i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*L[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            if (scale < 0) {
                // This should never happen, but just in case, flip scale so that it is positive (we use uint's to encode the scale)
                // and correspondingly flip quant signs.
                scale = -scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < bs8; ++k) block_signs[k] = ~block_signs[k];
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < bs4; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) u |= (L[4*k+i] << 3*i);
                int grid_index = kmap_q3xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    printf("Oops: found point %u not on grid:", u);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) printf(" %d", L[4*k+i]);
                    printf("\n");
                    GGML_ASSERT(false);
                }
                qs[k] = grid_index & 255;
                qh[(ib*bs4+k)/8] |= ((grid_index >> 8) << ((ib*bs4+k)%8));
            }
            qs += bs4;
            for (int k = 0; k < bs8; ++k) signs[k] = block_signs[k];
            signs += bs8;
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/31;
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * 1.033f);
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ib += 2) {
            int l1 = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib+0]-1));
            l1 = MAX(0, MIN(15, l1));
            int l2 = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib+1]-1));
            l2 = MAX(0, MIN(15, l2));
            y[ibl].scales[ib/2] = l1 | (l2 << 4);
        }

    }
}

#define IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE 32
size_t quantize_iq3_s(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    float scales[QK_K/IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float weight[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float xval[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int8_t L[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int8_t Laux[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float  waux[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    bool   is_on_grid[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE/4];
    bool   is_on_grid_aux[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE/4];
    uint8_t block_signs[IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE/8];
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq3_s_impl(IQ3S_BLOCK_SIZE, src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights,
                scales, weight, xval, L, Laux, waux, is_on_grid, is_on_grid_aux, block_signs);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq3_s);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq3_s);
}

void quantize_row_iq3_s(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_iq3_s * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_iq3_s_reference(x, y, k);
}

void quantize_row_iq3_s_reference(const float * restrict x, block_iq3_s * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    quantize_iq3_s(x, y, 1, k, NULL);
}


// =================================== 1.5 bpw ===================================================

static int iq1_find_best_neighbour(const uint16_t * restrict neighbours, const uint64_t * restrict grid,
        const float * restrict xval, const float * restrict weight, float * scale, int8_t * restrict L, int ngrid) {
    int num_neighbors = neighbours[0];
    GGML_ASSERT(num_neighbors > 0);
    float best_score = 0;
    int grid_index = -1;
    for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
        const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
        float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            float q = (pg[i] - 3)/2;
            float w = weight[i];
            sumqx += w*q*xval[i];
            sumq2 += w*q*q;
        }
        if (sumqx > 0 && sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best_score*sumq2) {
            *scale = sumqx/sumq2; best_score = *scale * sumqx;
            grid_index = neighbours[j];
        }
    }
    if (grid_index < 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ngrid; ++i) {
            const int8_t * grid_i = (const int8_t *)(grid + i);
            float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                float w = weight[j];
                float q = (grid_i[j] - 3)/2;
                sumqx += w*q*xval[j];
                sumq2 += w*q*q;
            }
            if (sumqx > 0 && sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best_score*sumq2) {
                *scale = sumqx/sumq2; best_score = *scale*sumqx;
                grid_index = i;
            }
        }
    }
    if (grid_index < 0) {
        printf("Oops, did not find grid point\n");
        printf("Have %d neighbours\n", num_neighbors);
        for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
            float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                float q = (pg[i] - 3)/2;
                float w = weight[i];
                sumqx += w*q*xval[i];
                sumq2 += w*q*q;
            }
            printf("    neighbour %d: sumqx = %g sumq2 = %g\n", j, (double)sumqx, (double)sumq2);
        }
    }
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
    //!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    *scale *= 1.05f;  // This is a fudge factor. Don't ask me why it improves the result.
    //!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + grid_index);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) L[i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
    return grid_index;
}

static int iq1_find_best_neighbour2(const uint16_t * restrict neighbours, const uint64_t * restrict grid,
        const float * restrict xval, const float * restrict weight, float scale, const float * restrict xg, int8_t * restrict L, int ngrid) {
    int num_neighbors = neighbours[0];
    GGML_ASSERT(num_neighbors > 0);
    float best_score = FLT_MAX;
    int grid_index = -1;
    for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
        const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
        float d2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
            float q = xg[(pg[i] - 1)/2];
            float w = weight[i];
            float diff = scale*q - xval[i];
            d2 += w*diff*diff;
        }
        if (d2 < best_score) {
            best_score = d2;
            grid_index = neighbours[j];
        }
    }
    if (grid_index < 0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < ngrid; ++i) {
            const int8_t * grid_i = (const int8_t *)(grid + i);
            float d2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                float w = weight[j];
                float q = xg[(grid_i[j] - 1)/2];
                float diff = scale*q - xval[i];
                d2 += w*diff*diff;
            }
            if (d2 < best_score) {
                best_score = d2;
                grid_index = i;
            }
        }
    }
    if (grid_index < 0) {
        printf("Oops, did not find grid point\n");
        printf("Have %d neighbours\n", num_neighbors);
        for (int j = 1; j <= num_neighbors; ++j) {
            const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + neighbours[j]);
            float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                float q = xg[(pg[i] - 1)/2];
                float w = weight[i];
                sumqx += w*q*xval[i];
                sumq2 += w*q*q;
            }
            printf("    neighbour %d: sumqx = %g sumq2 = %g\n", j, (double)sumqx, (double)sumq2);
        }
    }
    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(grid + grid_index);
    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) L[i] = (pg[i] - 1)/2;
    return grid_index;
}

static int iq1_sort_helper(const void * left, const void * right) {
    const float * l = left;
    const float * r = right;
    return *l < *r ? -1 : *l > *r ? 1 : 0;
}

#define IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE 32
#define IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE 16
static void quantize_row_iq1_s_impl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n, const float * restrict quant_weights,
        float    * scales,
        float    * weight,
        float    * sumx,
        float    * sumw,
        float    * pairs,
        int8_t   * L,
        uint16_t * index,
        int8_t   * shifts) {

    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S);

    const uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs      = iq2_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q2xs       = iq2_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs = iq2_data[gindex].neighbours;

    GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q2xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q2xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q2xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    block_iq1_s * y = vy;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    const int block_size = IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE;

    const float x_p[3] = {-1 + IQ1S_DELTA,  IQ1S_DELTA, 1 + IQ1S_DELTA};
    const float x_m[3] = {-1 - IQ1S_DELTA, -IQ1S_DELTA, 1 - IQ1S_DELTA};


    int * idx = (int *)(pairs + 1);

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
        memset(y[ibl].qs, 0, QK_K/8);
        memset(y[ibl].qh, 0, QK_K/16);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + block_size*ib;
            const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + block_size*ib;
            for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            float max = fabsf(xb[0]);
            for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, fabsf(xb[i]));
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                memset(L, 1, block_size);
                continue;
            }
            // Here we solve exactly the sum of squared difference (SSD) weighted minimization problem.
            // With just 3 allowed quant values (-1, 0, 1), we can search exhaustively for the two
            // boundaries that split the weights xb[i] into 3 groups. To do so, we sort the weights
            // in ascending order, compute Si = sum[weight[j] xb[j], j = 0...i] and
            // Wi = sum[weight[j], j = 0...i], and use these to quckly get get the optimum scale
            // for each possible and score for each split.
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
                pairs[2*j] = xb[j];
                idx[2*j] = j;
            }
            qsort(pairs, block_size, 2*sizeof(float), iq1_sort_helper);
            {
                sumx[0] = sumw[0] = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
                    int i = idx[2*j];
                    sumx[j+1] = sumx[j] + weight[i]*xb[i];
                    sumw[j+1] = sumw[j] + weight[i];
                }
            }
            float best_score = 0, scale = max;
            int besti1 = -1, besti2 = -1, best_shift = 0;
            for (int i1 = 0; i1 <= block_size; ++i1) {
                for (int i2 = i1; i2 <= block_size; ++i2) {
                    float sumqx = (sumx[i1] - sumx[0])*x_p[0] + (sumx[i2] - sumx[i1])*x_p[1] + (sumx[block_size] - sumx[i2])*x_p[2];
                    float sumq2 = (sumw[i1] - sumw[0])*x_p[0]*x_p[0] + (sumw[i2] - sumw[i1])*x_p[1]*x_p[1] + (sumw[block_size] - sumw[i2])*x_p[2]*x_p[2];
                    if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best_score*sumq2) {
                        scale = sumqx/sumq2; best_score = scale*sumqx;
                        besti1 = i1; besti2 = i2; best_shift = 1;
                    }
                    sumqx = (sumx[i1] - sumx[0])*x_m[0] + (sumx[i2] - sumx[i1])*x_m[1] + (sumx[block_size] - sumx[i2])*x_m[2];
                    sumq2 = (sumw[i1] - sumw[0])*x_m[0]*x_m[0] + (sumw[i2] - sumw[i1])*x_m[1]*x_m[1] + (sumw[block_size] - sumw[i2])*x_m[2]*x_m[2];
                    if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best_score*sumq2) {
                        scale = sumqx/sumq2; best_score = scale*sumqx;
                        besti1 = i1; besti2 = i2; best_shift = -1;
                    }
                }
            }
            GGML_ASSERT(besti1 >= 0 && besti2 >= 0 && best_shift != 0);
            for (int j =      0; j < besti1; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 0;
            for (int j = besti1; j < besti2; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 1;
            for (int j = besti2; j < block_size; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 2;
            if (scale < 0) {
                for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) L[j] = 2 - L[j];
                scale = -scale; best_shift = -best_shift;
            }
            bool all_on_grid = true;
            const float * xx = best_shift == 1 ? x_p : x_m;
            for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) u |= (L[8*k+j] << 2*j);
                int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    all_on_grid = false;
                    const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                    grid_index = iq1_find_best_neighbour2(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xb + 8*k, weight + 8*k, scale, xx, L + 8*k, NGRID_IQ1S);
                    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
                }
                index[k] = grid_index;
            }
            if (!all_on_grid) {
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + index[k]);
                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                        float w = weight[8*k + j];
                        float q = xx[(pg[j] - 1)/2];
                        sumqx += w*q*xb[8*k+j];
                        sumq2 += w*q*q;
                    }
                }
                if (sumqx > 0 && sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            uint16_t h = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                y[ibl].qs[(block_size/8)*ib + k] = index[k] & 255;
                h |= (index[k] >> 8) << 3*k;
            }
            y[ibl].qh[ib] = h;
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            shifts[ib] = best_shift;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/15;
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d*1.125f); // 1.125f is another fudge factor. Don't ask me why it is needed.
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib]-1));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(7, l));
            if (shifts[ib] == -1) l |= 8;
            y[ibl].qh[ib] |= (l << 12);
        }
    }
}

size_t quantize_iq1_s(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    float  scales[QK_K/IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float  weight[IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int8_t L[IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float  sumx[IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE+1];
    float  sumw[IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE+1];
    float  pairs[2*IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    uint16_t index[IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE/8];
    int8_t shifts[QK_K/IQ1S_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq1_s_impl(src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights, scales, weight, sumx, sumw, pairs, L, index, shifts);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq1_s);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq1_s);
}

static void quantize_row_iq1_m_impl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n, const float * restrict quant_weights,
        float    * scales,
        float    * weight,
        float    * pairs,
        int8_t   * L,
        uint16_t * index,
        int8_t   * shifts) {

    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M);

    const uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs      = iq2_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q2xs       = iq2_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs = iq2_data[gindex].neighbours;

    //GGML_ASSERT(quant_weights   && "missing quantization weights");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q2xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q2xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q2xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    block_iq1_m * y = vy;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    const int block_size = IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE;

    const float x_p[3] = {-1 + IQ1M_DELTA,  IQ1M_DELTA, 1 + IQ1M_DELTA};
    const float x_m[3] = {-1 - IQ1M_DELTA, -IQ1M_DELTA, 1 - IQ1M_DELTA};
    const uint8_t masks[4] = {0x00, 0x80, 0x08, 0x88};

    int * idx = (int *)(pairs + 1);

    float sumqx[4], sumq2[4];

    iq1m_scale_t s;
    const float * xx;

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

#if QK_K == 64
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);
#endif
        memset(y[ibl].qs, 0, QK_K/8);
        memset(y[ibl].qh, 0, QK_K/16);
        memset(y[ibl].scales, 0, QK_K/32);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + block_size*ib;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + block_size*ib;
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = xb[i]*xb[i];
            }
            float max = fabsf(xb[0]);
            for (int i = 1; i < block_size; ++i) max = MAX(max, fabsf(xb[i]));
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                memset(L, 1, block_size);
                continue;
            }
            // Here we solve exactly the sum of squared difference (SSD) weighted minimization problem.
            // With just 3 allowed quant values (-1, 0, 1), we can search exhaustively for the two
            // boundaries that split the weights xb[i] into 3 groups. To do so, we sort the weights
            // in ascending order, compute Si = sum[weight[j] xb[j], j = 0...i] and
            // Wi = sum[weight[j], j = 0...i], and use these to quckly get get the optimum scale
            // for each possible and score for each split.
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
                pairs[2*j] = xb[j];
                idx[2*j] = j;
            }
            qsort(pairs, block_size, 2*sizeof(float), iq1_sort_helper);
            float best_score = 0, scale = max;
            int besti1 = -1, besti2 = -1, best_k = -1;
            // 0: +, +
            // 1: +, -
            // 2: -, +
            // 3: -, -
            for (int i1 = 0; i1 <= block_size; ++i1) {
                for (int i2 = i1; i2 <= block_size; ++i2) {
                    memset(sumqx, 0, 4*sizeof(float));
                    memset(sumq2, 0, 4*sizeof(float));
                    for (int j = 0; j < i1; ++j) {
                        int i = idx[2*j];
                        if (i < block_size/2) {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*x_p[0];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*x_p[0];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*x_m[0];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*x_m[0];
                        } else {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*x_p[0];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_p[0]*x_p[0];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*x_m[0];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[0]*x_m[0];
                        }
                    }
                    for (int j = i1; j < i2; ++j) {
                        int i = idx[2*j];
                        if (i < block_size/2) {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*x_p[1];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*x_p[1];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*x_m[1];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*x_m[1];
                        } else {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*x_p[1];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_p[1]*x_p[1];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*x_m[1];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[1]*x_m[1];
                        }
                    }
                    for (int j = i2; j < block_size; ++j) {
                        int i = idx[2*j];
                        if (i < block_size/2) {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*x_p[2];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*x_p[2];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*x_m[2];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*x_m[2];
                        } else {
                            sumqx[0] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[2] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[1] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*xb[i];
                            sumqx[3] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*xb[i];
                            sumq2[0] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*x_p[2];
                            sumq2[2] += weight[i]*x_p[2]*x_p[2];
                            sumq2[1] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*x_m[2];
                            sumq2[3] += weight[i]*x_m[2]*x_m[2];
                        }
                    }
                    for (int k = 0; k < 4; ++k) {
                        if (sumq2[k] > 0 && sumqx[k]*sumqx[k] > best_score*sumq2[k]) {
                            scale = sumqx[k]/sumq2[k]; best_score = scale*sumqx[k];
                            besti1 = i1; besti2 = i2; best_k = k;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            GGML_ASSERT(besti1 >= 0 && besti2 >= 0 && best_k >= 0);
            for (int j =      0; j < besti1; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 0;
            for (int j = besti1; j < besti2; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 1;
            for (int j = besti2; j < block_size; ++j) L[idx[2*j]] = 2;
            if (scale < 0) {
                for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) L[j] = 2 - L[j];
                scale = -scale;
                best_k = best_k == 0 ? 3 : best_k == 1 ? 2 : best_k == 2 ? 1 : 0;
            }
            bool all_on_grid = true;
            for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                if (k == 0) xx = best_k < 2 ? x_p : x_m;
                else xx = best_k%2 == 0 ? x_p : x_m;
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) u |= (L[8*k+j] << 2*j);
                int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    all_on_grid = false;
                    const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                    grid_index = iq1_find_best_neighbour2(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xb + 8*k, weight + 8*k, scale, xx, L + 8*k, NGRID_IQ1S);
                    GGML_ASSERT(grid_index >= 0);
                }
                index[k] = grid_index;
            }
            if (!all_on_grid) {
                float sumqx_f = 0, sumq2_f = 0;
                for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                    if (k == 0) xx = best_k < 2 ? x_p : x_m;
                    else xx = best_k%2 == 0 ? x_p : x_m;
                    const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + index[k]);
                    for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                        float w = weight[8*k + j];
                        float q = xx[(pg[j] - 1)/2];
                        sumqx_f += w*q*xb[8*k+j];
                        sumq2_f += w*q*q;
                    }
                }
                if (sumqx_f > 0 && sumq2_f > 0) scale = sumqx_f/sumq2_f;
            }
            y[ibl].qs[2*ib + 0] = index[0] & 255;
            y[ibl].qs[2*ib + 1] = index[1] & 255;
            y[ibl].qh[ib] = (index[0] >> 8) | ((index[1] >> 8) << 4);
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            shifts[ib] = best_k;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            continue;
        }

        uint16_t * sc = (uint16_t *)y[ibl].scales;
#if QK_K == 64
        float d = max_scale/31;
#else
        float d = max_scale/15;
#endif
        float id = 1/d;
        float sumqx_f = 0, sumq2_f = 0;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/block_size; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib+0]-1));
#if QK_K == 64
            l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            sc[ib/4] |= (l << 4*(ib%4));
#else
            l = MAX(0, MIN(7, l));
            sc[ib/4] |= (l << 3*(ib%4));
#endif
            y[ibl].qh[ib] |= masks[shifts[ib]];
            const float * xb = xbl + block_size*ib;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + block_size*ib;
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < block_size; ++i) weight[i] = xb[i]*xb[i];
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < block_size/8; ++k) {
                if (k == 0) xx = shifts[ib] < 2 ? x_p : x_m;
                else xx = shifts[ib]%2 == 0 ? x_p : x_m;
                const int8_t * pg = (const int8_t *)(kgrid_q2xs + y[ibl].qs[2*ib+k] + ((y[ibl].qh[ib] << (8 - 4*k)) & 0x700));
                for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                    float w = weight[8*k + j];
                    float q = xx[(pg[j] - 1)/2]*(2*l+1);
                    sumqx_f += w*q*xb[8*k+j];
                    sumq2_f += w*q*q;
                }
            }
        }
        if (sumq2_f > 0) d = sumqx_f/sumq2_f;
        s.f16 = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d*1.1125f); // 1.1125f is another fudge factor. Don't ask me why it is needed.
#if QK_K == 64
        y[ibl].d = s.f16;
#else
        sc[0] |= ((s.u16 & 0x000f) << 12);
        sc[1] |= ((s.u16 & 0x00f0) <<  8);
        sc[2] |= ((s.u16 & 0x0f00) <<  4);
        sc[3] |= ((s.u16 & 0xf000) <<  0);
#endif
    }
}

size_t quantize_iq1_m(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    float  scales[QK_K/IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float  weight[IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int8_t L[IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE];
    float  pairs[2*IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE];
    uint16_t index[IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE/8];
    int8_t shifts[QK_K/IQ1M_BLOCK_SIZE];
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq1_m_impl(src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights, scales, weight, pairs, L, index, shifts);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq1_m);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq1_m);
}

// ============================ 4-bit non-linear quants

static inline int best_index_int8(int n, const int8_t * val, float x) {
    if (x <= val[0]) return 0;
    if (x >= val[n-1]) return n-1;
    int ml = 0, mu = n-1;
    while (mu-ml > 1) {
        int mav = (ml+mu)/2;
        if (x < val[mav]) mu = mav; else ml = mav;
    }
    return x - val[mu-1] < val[mu] - x ? mu-1 : mu;
}

static void quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(const int super_block_size, const int block_size, const float * restrict x,
        ggml_fp16_t * dh, uint8_t * q4, uint16_t * scales_h, uint8_t * scales_l,
        float * scales, float * weight, uint8_t * L,
        const int8_t * values,
        const float * quant_weights,
        const int ntry) {

    float sigma2 = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < super_block_size; ++j) sigma2 += x[j]*x[j];
    sigma2 *= 2.f/super_block_size;

    memset(q4, 0, super_block_size/2);
    dh[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);

    float max_scale = 0, amax_scale = 0;
    for (int ib = 0; ib < super_block_size/block_size; ++ib) {
        const float * xb = x + ib*block_size;
        uint8_t * Lb = L + ib*block_size;
        if (quant_weights) {
            const float * qw = quant_weights + ib*block_size;
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) weight[j] = qw[j] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[j]*xb[j]);
        } else {
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) weight[j] = xb[j]*xb[j];
        }
        float amax = 0, max = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
            float ax = fabsf(xb[j]);
            if (ax > amax) {
                amax = ax; max = xb[j];
            }
        }
        if (!amax) {
            scales[ib] = 0;
            continue;
        }
        float d = ntry > 0 ? -max/values[0] : max/values[0];
        float id = 1/d;
        float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
            float al = id*xb[j];
            int l = best_index_int8(16, values, al);
            Lb[j] = l;
            float q = values[l];
            float w = weight[j];
            sumqx += w*q*xb[j];
            sumq2 += w*q*q;
        }
        d = sumqx/sumq2;
        float best = d*sumqx;
        for (int itry = -ntry; itry <= ntry; ++itry) {
            id = (itry + values[0])/max;
            sumqx = sumq2 = 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
                float al = id*xb[j];
                int l = best_index_int8(16, values, al);
                float q = values[l];
                float w = weight[j];
                sumqx += w*q*xb[j];
                sumq2 += w*q*q;
            }
            if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                d = sumqx/sumq2; best = d * sumqx;
            }
        }
        scales[ib] = d;
        float abs_d = fabsf(d);
        if (abs_d > amax_scale) {
            amax_scale = abs_d; max_scale = d;
        }
    }

    if (super_block_size/block_size > 1) {
        int nb = super_block_size/block_size;
        memset(scales_h, 0, ((nb+7)/8)*sizeof(uint16_t));
        float d = -max_scale/32;
        dh[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
        float id = d ? 1/d : 0.f;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < super_block_size/block_size; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(id*scales[ib]);
            l = MAX(-32, MIN(31, l));
            float dl = d * l;
            float idl = dl ? 1/dl : 0.f;
            uint8_t * Lb = L + ib*block_size;
            const float * xb = x + ib*block_size;
            for (int j = 0; j < block_size; ++j) {
                Lb[j] = best_index_int8(16, values, idl*xb[j]);
            }
            l += 32;
            uint8_t l_l = l & 0xf;
            uint8_t l_h = l >>  4;
            if (ib%2 == 0) scales_l[ib/2] = l_l;
            else scales_l[ib/2] |= (l_l << 4);
            scales_h[ib/8] |= (l_h << 2*(ib%8));
        }
    } else {
        dh[0] = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(scales[0]);
        if (ntry > 0) {
            float id = scales[0] ? 1/scales[0] : 0;
            for (int j = 0; j < super_block_size; ++j) {
                L[j] = best_index_int8(16, values, id*x[j]);
            }
        }
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < super_block_size/32; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
            q4[16*i + j] = L[32*i + j] | (L[32*i + 16 + j] << 4);
        }
    }
}

size_t quantize_iq4_nl(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK4_NL == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK4_NL;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    uint8_t L[QK4_NL];
    float weight[QK4_NL];
    uint16_t unused_h;
    uint8_t * unused_l = NULL;
    float scale;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        block_iq4_nl * iq4 = (block_iq4_nl *)qrow;
        for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nblock; ++ibl) {
            const float * qw = quant_weights ? quant_weights + QK4_NL*ibl : NULL;
            quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(QK4_NL, 32, src + QK4_NL*ibl, &iq4[ibl].d, iq4[ibl].qs, &unused_h, unused_l,
                    &scale, weight, L, kvalues_iq4nl, qw, 7);
        }
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq4_nl);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq4_nl);
}

void quantize_row_iq4_nl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    GGML_ASSERT(k%QK4_NL == 0);
    int64_t nblock = k/QK4_NL;
    uint8_t L[QK4_NL];
    float weight[QK4_NL];
    uint16_t unused_h;
    uint8_t * unused_l = NULL;
    float scale;
    block_iq4_nl * iq4 = (block_iq4_nl *)vy;
    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nblock; ++ibl) {
        quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(QK4_NL, 32, x + QK4_NL*ibl, &iq4[ibl].d, iq4[ibl].qs, &unused_h, unused_l,
                &scale, weight, L, kvalues_iq4nl, NULL, -1);
    }
}

void quantize_row_iq4_nl_reference(const float * restrict x, block_iq4_nl * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK4_NL == 0);
    quantize_row_iq4_nl(x, y, k);
}

size_t quantize_iq4_xs(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
#if QK_K == 64
    return quantize_iq4_nl(src, dst, nrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
#else
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    uint8_t L[QK_K];
    float weight[32];
    float scales[QK_K/32];
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        block_iq4_xs * iq4 = (block_iq4_xs *)qrow;
        for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nblock; ++ibl) {
            const float * qw = quant_weights ? quant_weights + QK_K*ibl : NULL;
            quantize_row_iq4_nl_impl(QK_K, 32, src + QK_K*ibl, &iq4[ibl].d, iq4[ibl].qs, &iq4[ibl].scales_h, iq4[ibl].scales_l,
                    scales, weight, L, kvalues_iq4nl, qw, 7);
        }
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq4_xs);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq4_xs);
#endif
}

void quantize_row_iq4_xs(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_iq4_xs * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_iq4_xs_reference(x, y, k);
}

void quantize_row_iq4_xs_reference(const float * restrict x, block_iq4_xs * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    quantize_iq4_xs(x, y, 1, k, NULL);
}

// =============================== 2.5625 bpw

static void quantize_row_iq2_s_impl(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t n, const float * restrict quant_weights) {

    const int gindex = iq2_data_index(GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S);

    const uint64_t * kgrid_q2xs      = iq2_data[gindex].grid;
    const int      * kmap_q2xs       = iq2_data[gindex].map;
    const uint16_t * kneighbors_q2xs = iq2_data[gindex].neighbours;

    GGML_ASSERT(kmap_q2xs       && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kgrid_q2xs      && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(kneighbors_q2xs && "forgot to call ggml_quantize_init()?");
    GGML_ASSERT(n%QK_K == 0);

    const int kMaxQ = 3;

    const int64_t nbl = n/QK_K;

    block_iq2_s * y = vy;

    float scales[QK_K/16];
    float weight[16];
    float xval[16];
    int8_t L[16];
    int8_t Laux[16];
    float  waux[16];
    bool   is_on_grid[2];
    bool   is_on_grid_aux[2];
    uint8_t block_signs[2];

    for (int ibl = 0; ibl < nbl; ++ibl) {

        memset(&y[ibl], 0, sizeof(block_iq2_s));
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(0.f);

        float max_scale = 0;

        const float * xbl = x + QK_K*ibl;
        float sumx2 = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < QK_K; ++i) sumx2 += xbl[i]*xbl[i];
        float sigma2 = 2*sumx2/QK_K;

        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            const float * xb = xbl + 16*ib;
            if (quant_weights) {
                const float * qw = quant_weights + QK_K*ibl + 16*ib;
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) weight[i] = qw[i] * sqrtf(sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i]);
            } else {
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) weight[i] = 0.25f*sigma2 + xb[i]*xb[i];
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) waux[i] = sqrtf(weight[i]);
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                uint8_t s = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                    if (xb[8*k + i] >= 0) xval[8*k + i] = xb[8*k + i];
                    else {
                        xval[8*k + i] = -xb[8*k + i]; s |= (1 << i);
                    }
                }
                block_signs[k] = s;
            }
            float max = xval[0];
            for (int i = 1; i < 16; ++i) max = MAX(max, xval[i]);
            if (!max) {
                scales[ib] = 0;
                continue;
            }
            float best = 0;
            float scale = max/(2*kMaxQ-1);
            is_on_grid[0] = is_on_grid[1] = true;
            for (int is = -9; is <= 9; ++is) {
                float id = (2*kMaxQ-1+is*0.1f)/max;
                float this_scale = 1/id;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        Laux[8*k+i] = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                    }
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (Laux[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    is_on_grid_aux[k] = true;
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        is_on_grid_aux[k] = false;
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, this_scale, Laux + 8*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*Laux[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0 && sumqx*sumqx > best*sumq2) {
                    scale = sumqx/sumq2; best = scale*sumqx;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) L[i] = Laux[i];
                    for (int k = 0; k <  2; ++k) is_on_grid[k] = is_on_grid_aux[k];
                }
            }
            int n_not_ongrid = 0;
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) if (!is_on_grid[k]) ++n_not_ongrid;
            if (n_not_ongrid > 0 && scale > 0) {
                float id = 1/scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                    if (is_on_grid[k]) continue;
                    uint16_t u = 0;
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
                        int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*xval[8*k+i]-1));
                        l = MAX(0, MIN(kMaxQ-1, l));
                        u |= (l << 2*i);
                        L[8*k + i] = l;
                    }
                    int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                    if (grid_index < 0) {
                        const uint16_t * neighbours = kneighbors_q2xs - kmap_q2xs[u] - 1;
                        grid_index = iq2_find_best_neighbour(neighbours, kgrid_q2xs, xval + 8*k, waux + 8*k, scale, L + 8*k);
                    }
                }
                float sumqx = 0, sumq2 = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
                    float w = weight[i];
                    float q = 2*L[i] + 1;
                    sumqx += w*xval[i]*q;
                    sumq2 += w*q*q;
                }
                if (sumq2 > 0) scale = sumqx/sumq2;
            }
            if (scale < 0) {
                scale = -scale;
                for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) block_signs[k] = ~block_signs[k];
            }
            for (int k = 0; k < 2; ++k) {
                uint16_t u = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) u |= (L[8*k+i] << 2*i);
                int grid_index = kmap_q2xs[u];
                if (grid_index < 0) {
                    printf("Oops: found point %u not on grid:", u);
                    for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i) printf(" %d", L[8*k+i]);
                    printf("\n");
                    GGML_ASSERT(false);
                }
                const int i8 = 2*ib + k;
                y[ibl].qs[i8] = grid_index & 255;
                y[ibl].qh[i8/4] |= ((grid_index >> 8) << 2*(i8%4));
                y[ibl].qs[QK_K/8 + i8] = block_signs[k];
            }
            GGML_ASSERT(scale >= 0);
            scales[ib] = scale;
            max_scale = MAX(max_scale, scale);
        }

        if (!max_scale) {
            continue;
        }

        float d = max_scale/31;
        y[ibl].d = GGML_FP32_TO_FP16(d * 0.9875f);
        float id = 1/d;
        for (int ib = 0; ib < QK_K/16; ++ib) {
            int l = nearest_int(0.5f*(id*scales[ib]-1));
            l = MAX(0, MIN(15, l));
            if (ib%2 == 0) y[ibl].scales[ib/2] = l;
            else y[ibl].scales[ib/2] |= (l << 4);
        }
    }
}

size_t quantize_iq2_s(const float * restrict src, void * restrict dst, int64_t nrow, int64_t n_per_row, const float * quant_weights) {
    GGML_ASSERT(n_per_row%QK_K == 0);
    int64_t nblock = n_per_row/QK_K;
    char * qrow = (char *)dst;
    for (int64_t row = 0; row < nrow; ++row) {
        quantize_row_iq2_s_impl(src, qrow, n_per_row, quant_weights);
        src += n_per_row;
        qrow += nblock*sizeof(block_iq2_s);
    }
    return nrow * nblock * sizeof(block_iq2_s);
}

void quantize_row_iq2_s_reference(const float * restrict x, block_iq2_s * restrict y, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    quantize_iq2_s(x, y, 1, k, NULL);
}

void quantize_row_iq2_s(const float * restrict x, void * restrict vy, int64_t k) {
    assert(k % QK_K == 0);
    block_iq2_s * restrict y = vy;
    quantize_row_iq2_s_reference(x, y, k);
}

static bool validate_float(float f, size_t i) {
    if (isinf(f)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ggml_validate_row_data: found inf value at block %zu\n", i);
        return false;
    }

    if (isnan(f)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ggml_validate_row_data: found nan value at block %zu\n", i);
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

static bool isinf_fp16(ggml_fp16_t f) {
    return (f & 0x7c00) == 0x7c00 && (f & 0x03ff) == 0;
}

static bool isnan_fp16(ggml_fp16_t f) {
    return (f & 0x7c00) == 0x7c00 && (f & 0x03ff) != 0;
}

static bool validate_fp16(ggml_fp16_t f, size_t i) {
    if (isinf_fp16(f)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ggml_validate_row_data: found inf value at block %zu\n", i);
        return false;
    }

    if (isnan_fp16(f)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "ggml_validate_row_data: found nan value at block %zu\n", i);
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

#define VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(type, data, nb) \
    const type * q = (const type *) (data); \
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (nb); ++i) { \
        if (!validate_fp16(q[i].d, i)) { \
            return false; \
        } \
    }

#define VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(type, data, nb, d, m) \
    const type * q = (const type *) (data); \
    for (size_t i = 0; i < (nb); ++i) { \
        if (!validate_fp16(q[i].d, i) || !validate_fp16(q[i].m, i)) { \
            return false; \
        } \
    }

bool ggml_validate_row_data(enum ggml_type type, const void * data, size_t nbytes) {
    if (type < 0 || type >= GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid type %d\n", __func__, type);
        return false;
    }

    if (nbytes % ggml_type_size(type) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid size %zu for type %d\n", __func__, nbytes, type);
        return false;
    }

    const size_t nb = nbytes/ggml_type_size(type);

    switch (type) {
        case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
            {
                int nans = 0;
                int infs = 0;
                const unsigned short * f = (const unsigned short *) data;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
                    nans += (f[i] & 0x7fff) > 0x7f80;
                    infs += (f[i] & 0x7fff) == 0x7f80;
                }
                if (nans) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: found %d NaNs in row of %zu BF16 values\n", __func__, nans, nb);
                    return false;
                }
                if (infs) {
                    fprintf(stderr, "%s: found %d infinities in row of %zu BF16 values\n", __func__, infs, nb);
                    return false;
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
            {
                const ggml_fp16_t * f = (const ggml_fp16_t *) data;
                size_t i = 0;
#if defined(__AVX2__)
                for (; i + 15 < nb; i += 16) {
                    __m256i v = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(f + i));
                    __m256i vexp = _mm256_and_si256(v, _mm256_set1_epi16(0x7c00));
                    __m256i cmp = _mm256_cmpeq_epi16(vexp, _mm256_set1_epi16(0x7c00));
                    int mask = _mm256_movemask_epi8(cmp);
                    if (mask) {
                        for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
                            if (!validate_fp16(f[i + j], i + j)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        GGML_UNREACHABLE();
                    }
                }
#elif defined(__ARM_NEON)
                for (; i + 7 < nb; i += 8) {
                    uint16x8_t v = vld1q_u16(f + i);
                    uint16x8_t vexp = vandq_u16(v, vdupq_n_u16(0x7c00));
                    uint16x8_t cmp = vceqq_u16(vexp, vdupq_n_u16(0x7c00));
                    uint64_t mask = vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u8(vshrn_n_u16(cmp, 4)), 0);
                    if (mask) {
                        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                            if (!validate_fp16(f[i + j], i + j)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        GGML_UNREACHABLE();
                    }
                }
#endif
                for (; i < nb; ++i) {
                    if (!validate_fp16(f[i], i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
            {
                const float * f = (const float *) data;
                size_t i = 0;
#if defined(__AVX2__)
                for (; i + 7 < nb; i += 8) {
                    __m256i v = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *)(f + i));
                    __m256i vexp = _mm256_and_si256(v, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x7f800000));
                    __m256i cmp = _mm256_cmpeq_epi32(vexp, _mm256_set1_epi32(0x7f800000));
                    int mask = _mm256_movemask_epi8(cmp);
                    if (mask) {
                        for (size_t j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
                            if (!validate_float(f[i + j], i + j)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        GGML_UNREACHABLE();
                    }
                }
#elif defined(__ARM_NEON)
                for (; i + 3 < nb; i += 4) {
                    uint32x4_t v = vld1q_u32((const uint32_t *)f + i);
                    uint32x4_t vexp = vandq_u32(v, vdupq_n_u32(0x7f800000));
                    uint32x4_t cmp = vceqq_u32(vexp, vdupq_n_u32(0x7f800000));
                    uint64_t mask = vget_lane_u64(vreinterpret_u64_u16(vshrn_n_u32(cmp, 8)), 0);
                    if (mask) {
                        for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                            if (!validate_float(f[i + j], i + j)) {
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        GGML_UNREACHABLE();
                    }
                }
#endif
                for (; i < nb; ++i) {
                    if (!validate_float(f[i], i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_F64:
            {
                const double * f = (const double *) data;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
                    if (!validate_float(f[i], i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q4_0, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_1:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q4_1, data, nb, d, m);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_0:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q5_0, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_1:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q5_1, data, nb, d, m);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q8_0, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q2_K:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q2_K, data, nb, d, dmin);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q3_K:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q3_K, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q4_K:
            {
            #ifdef GGML_QKK_64
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q4_K, data, nb, d[0], d[1]);
            #else
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q4_K, data, nb, d, dmin);
            #endif
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q5_K:
            {
            #ifdef GGML_QKK_64
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q5_K, data, nb);
            #else
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_DM_F16_IMPL(block_q5_K, data, nb, d, dmin);
            #endif
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q6_K:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_q6_K, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_Q8_K:
            {
                const block_q8_K * q = (const block_q8_K *) data;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
                    if (!validate_float(q[i].d, i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_S:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq1_s, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ1_M:
            {
                const block_iq1_m * q = (const block_iq1_m *) data;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
                #if QK_K == 64
                    if (!validate_fp16(q[i].d, i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                #else
                    iq1m_scale_t scale;
                    const uint16_t * sc = (const uint16_t *)q[i].scales;
                    scale.u16 = (sc[0] >> 12) | ((sc[1] >> 8) & 0x00f0) | ((sc[2] >> 4) & 0x0f00) | (sc[3] & 0xf000);
                    if (!validate_fp16(scale.f16, i)) {
                        return false;
                    }
                #endif
                }
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XXS:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq2_xxs, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_XS:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq2_xs, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ2_S:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq2_s, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_XXS:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq3_xxs, data, nb);
            } break;

        case GGML_TYPE_IQ3_S:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq3_s, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_XS:
        #if QK_K != 64
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq4_xs, data, nb);
            } break;
        #endif
        // with QK_K == 64, iq4_xs is iq4_nl
        case GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL:
            {
                VALIDATE_ROW_DATA_D_F16_IMPL(block_iq4_nl, data, nb);
            } break;
        case GGML_TYPE_I8:
        case GGML_TYPE_I16:
        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
        case GGML_TYPE_I64:
            // nothing to validate
            break;
        default:
            {
                fprintf(stderr, "%s: invalid type %d\n", __func__, type);
                return false;
            }
    }

    return true;
}