llama.cpp/examples/run/linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp

#ifndef _WIN32
/*
 * You can find the latest source code at:
 *
 *   http://github.com/ericcurtin/linenoise.cpp
 *
 * Does a number of crazy assumptions that happen to be true in 99.9999% of
 * the 2010 UNIX computers around.
 *
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2023, Salvatore Sanfilippo <antirez at gmail dot com>
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2013, Pieter Noordhuis <pcnoordhuis at gmail dot com>
 * Copyright (c) 2025, Eric Curtin <ericcurtin17 at gmail dot com>
 *
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *  *  Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *  *  Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * References:
 * - http://invisible-island.net/xterm/ctlseqs/ctlseqs.html
 * - http://www.3waylabs.com/nw/WWW/products/wizcon/vt220.html
 *
 * Todo list:
 * - Filter bogus Ctrl+<char> combinations.
 * - Win32 support
 *
 * Bloat:
 * - History search like Ctrl+r in readline?
 *
 * List of escape sequences used by this program, we do everything just
 * with three sequences. In order to be so cheap we may have some
 * flickering effect with some slow terminal, but the lesser sequences
 * the more compatible.
 *
 * EL (Erase Line)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ n K
 *    Effect: if n is 0 or missing, clear from cursor to end of line
 *    Effect: if n is 1, clear from beginning of line to cursor
 *    Effect: if n is 2, clear entire line
 *
 * CUF (CUrsor Forward)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ n C
 *    Effect: moves cursor forward n chars
 *
 * CUB (CUrsor Backward)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ n D
 *    Effect: moves cursor backward n chars
 *
 * The following is used to get the terminal width if getting
 * the width with the TIOCGWINSZ ioctl fails
 *
 * DSR (Device Status Report)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ 6 n
 *    Effect: reports the current cusor position as ESC [ n ; m R
 *            where n is the row and m is the column
 *
 * When multi line mode is enabled, we also use an additional escape
 * sequence. However multi line editing is disabled by default.
 *
 * CUU (Cursor Up)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ n A
 *    Effect: moves cursor up of n chars.
 *
 * CUD (Cursor Down)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ n B
 *    Effect: moves cursor down of n chars.
 *
 * When linenoiseClearScreen() is called, two additional escape sequences
 * are used in order to clear the screen and position the cursor at home
 * position.
 *
 * CUP (Cursor position)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ H
 *    Effect: moves the cursor to upper left corner
 *
 * ED (Erase display)
 *    Sequence: ESC [ 2 J
 *    Effect: clear the whole screen
 *
 */

#    include "linenoise.h"

#    include <ctype.h>
#    include <errno.h>
#    include <stdio.h>
#    include <string.h>
#    include <sys/file.h>
#    include <sys/ioctl.h>
#    include <sys/stat.h>
#    include <sys/types.h>
#    include <termios.h>
#    include <unistd.h>

#    include <memory>
#    include <string>
#    include <vector>

#    define LINENOISE_DEFAULT_HISTORY_MAX_LEN 100
#    define LINENOISE_MAX_LINE                4096
static std::vector<const char *>    unsupported_term   = { "dumb", "cons25", "emacs" };
static linenoiseCompletionCallback *completionCallback = NULL;
static linenoiseHintsCallback *hintsCallback = NULL;
static linenoiseFreeHintsCallback *freeHintsCallback = NULL;
static char *linenoiseNoTTY(void);
static void refreshLineWithCompletion(struct linenoiseState *ls, linenoiseCompletions *lc, int flags);
static void refreshLineWithFlags(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags);

static struct termios orig_termios; /* In order to restore at exit.*/
static int maskmode = 0; /* Show "***" instead of input. For passwords. */
static int rawmode = 0; /* For atexit() function to check if restore is needed*/
static int mlmode = 0;  /* Multi line mode. Default is single line. */
static int atexit_registered = 0; /* Register atexit just 1 time. */
static int history_max_len = LINENOISE_DEFAULT_HISTORY_MAX_LEN;
static int history_len = 0;
static char **history = NULL;

enum KEY_ACTION{
        KEY_NULL = 0,            /* NULL */
        CTRL_A = 1,         /* Ctrl+a */
        CTRL_B = 2,         /* Ctrl-b */
        CTRL_C = 3,         /* Ctrl-c */
        CTRL_D = 4,         /* Ctrl-d */
        CTRL_E = 5,         /* Ctrl-e */
        CTRL_F = 6,         /* Ctrl-f */
        CTRL_H = 8,         /* Ctrl-h */
        TAB = 9,            /* Tab */
        CTRL_K = 11,        /* Ctrl+k */
        CTRL_L = 12,        /* Ctrl+l */
        ENTER = 13,         /* Enter */
        CTRL_N = 14,        /* Ctrl-n */
        CTRL_P = 16,        /* Ctrl-p */
        CTRL_T = 20,        /* Ctrl-t */
        CTRL_U = 21,        /* Ctrl+u */
        CTRL_W = 23,        /* Ctrl+w */
        ESC = 27,           /* Escape */
        BACKSPACE =  127    /* Backspace */
};

static void linenoiseAtExit(void);
int linenoiseHistoryAdd(const char *line);
#define REFRESH_CLEAN (1<<0)    // Clean the old prompt from the screen
#define REFRESH_WRITE (1<<1)    // Rewrite the prompt on the screen.
#define REFRESH_ALL (REFRESH_CLEAN|REFRESH_WRITE) // Do both.
static void refreshLine(struct linenoiseState *l);

class File {
  public:
    FILE * file = nullptr;

    FILE * open(const std::string & filename, const char * mode) {
        file = fopen(filename.c_str(), mode);

        return file;
    }

    int lock() {
        if (file) {
            fd = fileno(file);
            if (flock(fd, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB) != 0) {
                fd = -1;

                return 1;
            }
        }

        return 0;
    }

    ~File() {
        if (fd >= 0) {
            flock(fd, LOCK_UN);
        }

        if (file) {
            fclose(file);
        }
    }

  private:
    int fd = -1;
};

__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)))
/* Debugging function. */
#if 0
static void lndebug(const char *fmt, ...) {
    static File file;
    if (file.file == nullptr) {
        file.open("/tmp/lndebug.txt", "a");
    }

    if (file.file != nullptr) {
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, fmt);
        vfprintf(file.file, fmt, args);
        va_end(args);
        fflush(file.file);
    }
}
#else
static void lndebug(const char *, ...) {
}
#endif

/* ======================= Low level terminal handling ====================== */

/* Enable "mask mode". When it is enabled, instead of the input that
 * the user is typing, the terminal will just display a corresponding
 * number of asterisks, like "****". This is useful for passwords and other
 * secrets that should not be displayed. */
void linenoiseMaskModeEnable(void) {
    maskmode = 1;
}

/* Disable mask mode. */
void linenoiseMaskModeDisable(void) {
    maskmode = 0;
}

/* Set if to use or not the multi line mode. */
void linenoiseSetMultiLine(int ml) {
    mlmode = ml;
}

/* Return true if the terminal name is in the list of terminals we know are
 * not able to understand basic escape sequences. */
static int isUnsupportedTerm(void) {
    char *term = getenv("TERM");
    if (term == NULL) return 0;
    for (size_t j = 0; j < unsupported_term.size(); ++j) {
        if (!strcasecmp(term, unsupported_term[j])) {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Raw mode: 1960 magic shit. */
static int enableRawMode(int fd) {
    struct termios raw;

    if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) goto fatal;
    if (!atexit_registered) {
        atexit(linenoiseAtExit);
        atexit_registered = 1;
    }
    if (tcgetattr(fd,&orig_termios) == -1) goto fatal;

    raw = orig_termios;  /* modify the original mode */
    /* input modes: no break, no CR to NL, no parity check, no strip char,
     * no start/stop output control. */
    raw.c_iflag &= ~(BRKINT | ICRNL | INPCK | ISTRIP | IXON);
    /* output modes - disable post processing */
    raw.c_oflag &= ~(OPOST);
    /* control modes - set 8 bit chars */
    raw.c_cflag |= (CS8);
    /* local modes - choing off, canonical off, no extended functions,
     * no signal chars (^Z,^C) */
    raw.c_lflag &= ~(ECHO | ICANON | IEXTEN | ISIG);
    /* control chars - set return condition: min number of bytes and timer.
     * We want read to return every single byte, without timeout. */
    raw.c_cc[VMIN] = 1; raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 0; /* 1 byte, no timer */

    /* put terminal in raw mode after flushing */
    if (tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&raw) < 0) goto fatal;
    rawmode = 1;
    return 0;

fatal:
    errno = ENOTTY;
    return -1;
}

static void disableRawMode(int fd) {
    /* Don't even check the return value as it's too late. */
    if (rawmode && tcsetattr(fd,TCSAFLUSH,&orig_termios) != -1)
        rawmode = 0;
}

/* Use the ESC [6n escape sequence to query the horizontal cursor position
 * and return it. On error -1 is returned, on success the position of the
 * cursor. */
static int getCursorPosition(int ifd, int ofd) {
    char buf[32];
    int cols, rows;
    unsigned int i = 0;

    /* Report cursor location */
    if (write(ofd, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;

    /* Read the response: ESC [ rows ; cols R */
    while (i < sizeof(buf)-1) {
        if (read(ifd,buf+i,1) != 1) break;
        if (buf[i] == 'R') break;
        i++;
    }
    buf[i] = '\0';

    /* Parse it. */
    if (buf[0] != ESC || buf[1] != '[') return -1;
    if (sscanf(buf+2,"%d;%d",&rows,&cols) != 2) return -1;
    return cols;
}

/* Try to get the number of columns in the current terminal, or assume 80
 * if it fails. */
static int getColumns(int ifd, int ofd) {
    struct winsize ws;

    if (ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) == -1 || ws.ws_col == 0) {
        /* ioctl() failed. Try to query the terminal itself. */
        int start, cols;

        /* Get the initial position so we can restore it later. */
        start = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd);
        if (start == -1) goto failed;

        /* Go to right margin and get position. */
        if (write(ofd,"\x1b[999C",6) != 6) goto failed;
        cols = getCursorPosition(ifd,ofd);
        if (cols == -1) goto failed;

        /* Restore position. */
        if (cols > start) {
            char seq[32];
            snprintf(seq,32,"\x1b[%dD",cols-start);
            if (write(ofd,seq,strlen(seq)) == -1) {
                /* Can't recover... */
            }
        }
        return cols;
    } else {
        return ws.ws_col;
    }

failed:
    return 80;
}

/* Clear the screen. Used to handle ctrl+l */
void linenoiseClearScreen(void) {
    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO,"\x1b[H\x1b[2J",7) <= 0) {
        /* nothing to do, just to avoid warning. */
    }
}

/* Beep, used for completion when there is nothing to complete or when all
 * the choices were already shown. */
static void linenoiseBeep(void) {
    fprintf(stderr, "\x7");
    fflush(stderr);
}

/* Called by completeLine() and linenoiseShow() to render the current
 * edited line with the proposed completion. If the current completion table
 * is already available, it is passed as second argument, otherwise the
 * function will use the callback to obtain it.
 *
 * Flags are the same as refreshLine*(), that is REFRESH_* macros. */
static void refreshLineWithCompletion(struct linenoiseState *ls, linenoiseCompletions *lc, int flags) {
    /* Obtain the table of completions if the caller didn't provide one. */
    linenoiseCompletions ctable;
    if (lc == NULL) {
        completionCallback(ls->buf, &ctable);
        lc = &ctable;
    }

    /* Show the edited line with completion if possible, or just refresh. */
    if (ls->completion_idx < lc->len) {
        struct linenoiseState saved = *ls;
        ls->len = ls->pos = strlen(lc->cvec[ls->completion_idx]);
        ls->buf = lc->cvec[ls->completion_idx];
        refreshLineWithFlags(ls, flags);
        ls->len = saved.len;
        ls->pos = saved.pos;
        ls->buf = saved.buf;
    } else {
        refreshLineWithFlags(ls, flags);
    }

    if (lc == &ctable) {
        ctable.to_free = false;
    }
}

/* This is an helper function for linenoiseEdit*() and is called when the
 * user types the <tab> key in order to complete the string currently in the
 * input.
 *
 * The state of the editing is encapsulated into the pointed linenoiseState
 * structure as described in the structure definition.
 *
 * If the function returns non-zero, the caller should handle the
 * returned value as a byte read from the standard input, and process
 * it as usually: this basically means that the function may return a byte
 * read from the termianl but not processed. Otherwise, if zero is returned,
 * the input was consumed by the completeLine() function to navigate the
 * possible completions, and the caller should read for the next characters
 * from stdin. */
static int completeLine(struct linenoiseState *ls, int keypressed) {
    linenoiseCompletions lc;
    int nwritten;
    char c = keypressed;

    completionCallback(ls->buf, &lc);
    if (lc.len == 0) {
        linenoiseBeep();
        ls->in_completion = 0;
    } else {
        switch(c) {
            case 9: /* tab */
                if (ls->in_completion == 0) {
                    ls->in_completion = 1;
                    ls->completion_idx = 0;
                } else {
                    ls->completion_idx = (ls->completion_idx + 1) % (lc.len + 1);
                    if (ls->completion_idx == lc.len) linenoiseBeep();
                }
                c = 0;
                break;
            case 27: /* escape */
                /* Re-show original buffer */
                if (ls->completion_idx < lc.len) refreshLine(ls);
                ls->in_completion = 0;
                c = 0;
                break;
            default:
                /* Update buffer and return */
                if (ls->completion_idx < lc.len) {
                    nwritten = snprintf(ls->buf, ls->buflen, "%s", lc.cvec[ls->completion_idx]);
                    ls->len = ls->pos = nwritten;
                }
                ls->in_completion = 0;
                break;
        }

        /* Show completion or original buffer */
        if (ls->in_completion && ls->completion_idx < lc.len) {
            refreshLineWithCompletion(ls, &lc, REFRESH_ALL);
        } else {
            refreshLine(ls);
        }
    }

    return c; /* Return last read character */
}

/* Register a callback function to be called for tab-completion. */
void linenoiseSetCompletionCallback(linenoiseCompletionCallback *fn) {
    completionCallback = fn;
}

/* Register a hits function to be called to show hits to the user at the
 * right of the prompt. */
void linenoiseSetHintsCallback(linenoiseHintsCallback *fn) {
    hintsCallback = fn;
}

/* Register a function to free the hints returned by the hints callback
 * registered with linenoiseSetHintsCallback(). */
void linenoiseSetFreeHintsCallback(linenoiseFreeHintsCallback *fn) {
    freeHintsCallback = fn;
}

/* This function is used by the callback function registered by the user
 * in order to add completion options given the input string when the
 * user typed <tab>. See the example.c source code for a very easy to
 * understand example. */
void linenoiseAddCompletion(linenoiseCompletions *lc, const char *str) {
    const size_t len  = strlen(str);
    auto         copy = std::make_unique<char[]>(len + 1);
    if (!copy) {
        return;
    }

    memcpy(copy.get(), str, len + 1);
    char ** cvec = static_cast<char **>(std::realloc(lc->cvec, sizeof(char *) * (lc->len + 1)));
    if (cvec == nullptr) {
        return;
    }

    lc->cvec = cvec;
    lc->cvec[lc->len++] = copy.release();
}

/* Helper of refreshSingleLine() and refreshMultiLine() to show hints
 * to the right of the prompt. */
static void refreshShowHints(std::string & ab, struct linenoiseState * l, int plen) {
    char seq[64];
    if (hintsCallback && plen+l->len < l->cols) {
        int color = -1, bold = 0;
        const char *hint = hintsCallback(l->buf,&color,&bold);
        if (hint) {
            int hintlen = strlen(hint);
            int hintmaxlen = l->cols-(plen+l->len);
            if (hintlen > hintmaxlen) hintlen = hintmaxlen;
            if (bold == 1 && color == -1) color = 37;
            if (color != -1 || bold != 0)
                snprintf(seq,64,"\033[%d;%d;49m",bold,color);
            else
                seq[0] = '\0';
            ab.append(seq);
            ab.append(hint, hintlen);
            if (color != -1 || bold != 0)
                ab.append("\033[0m");

            /* Call the function to free the hint returned. */
            if (freeHintsCallback) freeHintsCallback(hint);
        }
    }
}

/* Single line low level line refresh.
 *
 * Rewrite the currently edited line accordingly to the buffer content,
 * cursor position, and number of columns of the terminal.
 *
 * Flags is REFRESH_* macros. The function can just remove the old
 * prompt, just write it, or both. */
static void refreshSingleLine(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
    char seq[64];
    size_t plen = strlen(l->prompt);
    int fd = l->ofd;
    char *buf = l->buf;
    size_t len = l->len;
    size_t pos = l->pos;
    std::string ab;
    while((plen+pos) >= l->cols) {
        buf++;
        len--;
        pos--;
    }
    while (plen+len > l->cols) {
        len--;
    }

    /* Cursor to left edge */
    snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\r");
    ab.append(seq);

    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
        /* Write the prompt and the current buffer content */
        ab.append(l->prompt);
        if (maskmode == 1) {
            while (len--) {
                ab.append("*");
            }
        } else {
            ab.append(buf, len);
        }
        /* Show hits if any. */
        refreshShowHints(ab, l, plen);
    }

    /* Erase to right */
    snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\x1b[0K");
    ab.append(seq);
    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
        /* Move cursor to original position. */
        snprintf(seq,sizeof(seq),"\r\x1b[%dC", (int)(pos+plen));
        ab.append(seq);
    }

    (void) !write(fd, ab.c_str(), ab.size()); /* Can't recover from write error. */
}

/* Multi line low level line refresh.
 *
 * Rewrite the currently edited line accordingly to the buffer content,
 * cursor position, and number of columns of the terminal.
 *
 * Flags is REFRESH_* macros. The function can just remove the old
 * prompt, just write it, or both. */
static void refreshMultiLine(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
    char seq[64];
    int plen = strlen(l->prompt);
    int rows = (plen+l->len+l->cols-1)/l->cols; /* rows used by current buf. */
    int rpos = (plen+l->oldpos+l->cols)/l->cols; /* cursor relative row. */
    int rpos2; /* rpos after refresh. */
    int col; /* colum position, zero-based. */
    int old_rows = l->oldrows;
    int fd = l->ofd, j;
    std::string ab;
    l->oldrows = rows;

    /* First step: clear all the lines used before. To do so start by
     * going to the last row. */
    if (flags & REFRESH_CLEAN) {
        if (old_rows-rpos > 0) {
            lndebug("go down %d", old_rows-rpos);
            snprintf(seq,64,"\x1b[%dB", old_rows-rpos);
            ab.append(seq);
        }

        /* Now for every row clear it, go up. */
        for (j = 0; j < old_rows-1; j++) {
            lndebug("clear+up");
            snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[0K\x1b[1A");
            ab.append(seq);
        }
    }

    if (flags & REFRESH_ALL) {
        /* Clean the top line. */
        lndebug("clear");
        snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[0K");
        ab.append(seq);
    }

    if (flags & REFRESH_WRITE) {
        /* Write the prompt and the current buffer content */
        ab.append(l->prompt);
        if (maskmode == 1) {
            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < l->len; ++i) {
                ab.append("*");
            }
        } else {
            ab.append(l->buf, l->len);
        }

        /* Show hits if any. */
        refreshShowHints(ab, l, plen);

        /* If we are at the very end of the screen with our prompt, we need to
         * emit a newline and move the prompt to the first column. */
        if (l->pos &&
            l->pos == l->len &&
            (l->pos+plen) % l->cols == 0)
        {
            lndebug("<newline>");
            ab.append("\n");
            snprintf(seq,64,"\r");
            ab.append(seq);
            rows++;
            if (rows > (int)l->oldrows) l->oldrows = rows;
        }

        /* Move cursor to right position. */
        rpos2 = (plen+l->pos+l->cols)/l->cols; /* Current cursor relative row */
        lndebug("rpos2 %d", rpos2);

        /* Go up till we reach the expected positon. */
        if (rows-rpos2 > 0) {
            lndebug("go-up %d", rows-rpos2);
            snprintf(seq,64,"\x1b[%dA", rows-rpos2);
            ab.append(seq);
        }

        /* Set column. */
        col = (plen+(int)l->pos) % (int)l->cols;
        lndebug("set col %d", 1+col);
        if (col)
            snprintf(seq,64,"\r\x1b[%dC", col);
        else
            snprintf(seq,64,"\r");
        ab.append(seq);
    }

    lndebug("\n");
    l->oldpos = l->pos;
    (void) !write(fd, ab.c_str(), ab.size()); /* Can't recover from write error. */
}

/* Calls the two low level functions refreshSingleLine() or
 * refreshMultiLine() according to the selected mode. */
static void refreshLineWithFlags(struct linenoiseState *l, int flags) {
    if (mlmode)
        refreshMultiLine(l,flags);
    else
        refreshSingleLine(l,flags);
}

/* Utility function to avoid specifying REFRESH_ALL all the times. */
static void refreshLine(struct linenoiseState *l) {
    refreshLineWithFlags(l,REFRESH_ALL);
}

/* Hide the current line, when using the multiplexing API. */
void linenoiseHide(struct linenoiseState *l) {
    if (mlmode)
        refreshMultiLine(l,REFRESH_CLEAN);
    else
        refreshSingleLine(l,REFRESH_CLEAN);
}

/* Show the current line, when using the multiplexing API. */
void linenoiseShow(struct linenoiseState *l) {
    if (l->in_completion) {
        refreshLineWithCompletion(l,NULL,REFRESH_WRITE);
    } else {
        refreshLineWithFlags(l,REFRESH_WRITE);
    }
}

/* Insert the character 'c' at cursor current position.
 *
 * On error writing to the terminal -1 is returned, otherwise 0. */
static int linenoiseEditInsert(struct linenoiseState * l, char c) {
    if (l->len < l->buflen) {
        if (l->len == l->pos) {
            l->buf[l->pos] = c;
            l->pos++;
            l->len++;
            l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
            if ((!mlmode && l->plen+l->len < l->cols && !hintsCallback)) {
                /* Avoid a full update of the line in the
                 * trivial case. */
                char d = (maskmode==1) ? '*' : c;
                if (write(l->ofd,&d,1) == -1) return -1;
            } else {
                refreshLine(l);
            }
        } else {
            memmove(l->buf+l->pos+1,l->buf+l->pos,l->len-l->pos);
            l->buf[l->pos] = c;
            l->len++;
            l->pos++;
            l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
            refreshLine(l);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

/* Move cursor on the left. */
static void linenoiseEditMoveLeft(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->pos > 0) {
        l->pos--;
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Move cursor on the right. */
static void linenoiseEditMoveRight(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->pos != l->len) {
        l->pos++;
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Move cursor to the start of the line. */
static void linenoiseEditMoveHome(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->pos != 0) {
        l->pos = 0;
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Move cursor to the end of the line. */
static void linenoiseEditMoveEnd(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->pos != l->len) {
        l->pos = l->len;
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Substitute the currently edited line with the next or previous history
 * entry as specified by 'dir'. */
#define LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT 0
#define LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV 1

static void linenoiseEditHistoryNext(struct linenoiseState * l, int dir) {
    if (history_len > 1) {
        /* Update the current history entry before to
         * overwrite it with the next one. */
        free(history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index]);
        history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index] = strdup(l->buf);
        /* Show the new entry */
        l->history_index += (dir == LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV) ? 1 : -1;
        if (l->history_index < 0) {
            l->history_index = 0;
            return;
        } else if (l->history_index >= history_len) {
            l->history_index = history_len-1;
            return;
        }
        strncpy(l->buf,history[history_len - 1 - l->history_index],l->buflen);
        l->buf[l->buflen-1] = '\0';
        l->len = l->pos = strlen(l->buf);
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Delete the character at the right of the cursor without altering the cursor
 * position. Basically this is what happens with the "Delete" keyboard key. */
static void linenoiseEditDelete(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->len > 0 && l->pos < l->len) {
        memmove(l->buf+l->pos,l->buf+l->pos+1,l->len-l->pos-1);
        l->len--;
        l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Backspace implementation. */
static void linenoiseEditBackspace(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    if (l->pos > 0 && l->len > 0) {
        memmove(l->buf+l->pos-1,l->buf+l->pos,l->len-l->pos);
        l->pos--;
        l->len--;
        l->buf[l->len] = '\0';
        refreshLine(l);
    }
}

/* Delete the previosu word, maintaining the cursor at the start of the
 * current word. */
static void linenoiseEditDeletePrevWord(struct linenoiseState * l) {
    size_t old_pos = l->pos;
    size_t diff;

    while (l->pos > 0 && l->buf[l->pos-1] == ' ')
        l->pos--;
    while (l->pos > 0 && l->buf[l->pos-1] != ' ')
        l->pos--;
    diff = old_pos - l->pos;
    memmove(l->buf+l->pos,l->buf+old_pos,l->len-old_pos+1);
    l->len -= diff;
    refreshLine(l);
}

/* This function is part of the multiplexed API of Linenoise, that is used
 * in order to implement the blocking variant of the API but can also be
 * called by the user directly in an event driven program. It will:
 *
 * 1. Initialize the linenoise state passed by the user.
 * 2. Put the terminal in RAW mode.
 * 3. Show the prompt.
 * 4. Return control to the user, that will have to call linenoiseEditFeed()
 *    each time there is some data arriving in the standard input.
 *
 * The user can also call linenoiseEditHide() and linenoiseEditShow() if it
 * is required to show some input arriving asyncronously, without mixing
 * it with the currently edited line.
 *
 * When linenoiseEditFeed() returns non-NULL, the user finished with the
 * line editing session (pressed enter CTRL-D/C): in this case the caller
 * needs to call linenoiseEditStop() to put back the terminal in normal
 * mode. This will not destroy the buffer, as long as the linenoiseState
 * is still valid in the context of the caller.
 *
 * The function returns 0 on success, or -1 if writing to standard output
 * fails. If stdin_fd or stdout_fd are set to -1, the default is to use
 * STDIN_FILENO and STDOUT_FILENO.
 */
int linenoiseEditStart(struct linenoiseState *l, int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *prompt) {
    /* Populate the linenoise state that we pass to functions implementing
     * specific editing functionalities. */
    l->in_completion = 0;
    l->ifd = stdin_fd != -1 ? stdin_fd : STDIN_FILENO;
    l->ofd = stdout_fd != -1 ? stdout_fd : STDOUT_FILENO;
    l->buf = buf;
    l->buflen = buflen;
    l->prompt = prompt;
    l->plen = strlen(prompt);
    l->oldpos = l->pos = 0;
    l->len = 0;

    /* Enter raw mode. */
    if (enableRawMode(l->ifd) == -1) return -1;

    l->cols = getColumns(stdin_fd, stdout_fd);
    l->oldrows = 0;
    l->history_index = 0;

    /* Buffer starts empty. */
    l->buf[0] = '\0';
    l->buflen--; /* Make sure there is always space for the nulterm */

    /* If stdin is not a tty, stop here with the initialization. We
     * will actually just read a line from standard input in blocking
     * mode later, in linenoiseEditFeed(). */
    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return 0;

    /* The latest history entry is always our current buffer, that
     * initially is just an empty string. */
    linenoiseHistoryAdd("");

    if (write(l->ofd,prompt,l->plen) == -1) return -1;
    return 0;
}

const char* linenoiseEditMore = "If you see this, you are misusing the API: when linenoiseEditFeed() is called, if it returns linenoiseEditMore the user is yet editing the line. See the README file for more information.";

/* This function is part of the multiplexed API of linenoise, see the top
 * comment on linenoiseEditStart() for more information. Call this function
 * each time there is some data to read from the standard input file
 * descriptor. In the case of blocking operations, this function can just be
 * called in a loop, and block.
 *
 * The function returns linenoiseEditMore to signal that line editing is still
 * in progress, that is, the user didn't yet pressed enter / CTRL-D. Otherwise
 * the function returns the pointer to the heap-allocated buffer with the
 * edited line, that the user should free with linenoiseFree().
 *
 * On special conditions, NULL is returned and errno is populated:
 *
 * EAGAIN if the user pressed Ctrl-C
 * ENOENT if the user pressed Ctrl-D
 *
 * Some other errno: I/O error.
 */
const char *linenoiseEditFeed(struct linenoiseState *l) {
    /* Not a TTY, pass control to line reading without character
     * count limits. */
    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return linenoiseNoTTY();

    char c;
    int nread;
    char seq[3];

    nread = read(l->ifd,&c,1);
    if (nread <= 0) return NULL;

    /* Only autocomplete when the callback is set. It returns < 0 when
     * there was an error reading from fd. Otherwise it will return the
     * character that should be handled next. */
    if ((l->in_completion || c == 9) && completionCallback != NULL) {
        c = completeLine(l,c);
        /* Read next character when 0 */
        if (c == 0) return linenoiseEditMore;
    }

    switch(c) {
    case ENTER:    /* enter */
        history_len--;
        free(history[history_len]);
        if (mlmode) linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
        if (hintsCallback) {
            /* Force a refresh without hints to leave the previous
             * line as the user typed it after a newline. */
            linenoiseHintsCallback *hc = hintsCallback;
            hintsCallback = NULL;
            refreshLine(l);
            hintsCallback = hc;
        }
        return strdup(l->buf);
    case CTRL_C:     /* ctrl-c */
        errno = EAGAIN;
        return NULL;
    case BACKSPACE:   /* backspace */
    case 8:     /* ctrl-h */
        linenoiseEditBackspace(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_D:     /* ctrl-d, remove char at right of cursor, or if the
                        line is empty, act as end-of-file. */
        if (l->len > 0) {
            linenoiseEditDelete(l);
        } else {
            history_len--;
            free(history[history_len]);
            errno = ENOENT;
            return NULL;
        }
        break;
    case CTRL_T:    /* ctrl-t, swaps current character with previous. */
        if (l->pos > 0 && l->pos < l->len) {
            int aux = l->buf[l->pos-1];
            l->buf[l->pos-1] = l->buf[l->pos];
            l->buf[l->pos] = aux;
            if (l->pos != l->len-1) l->pos++;
            refreshLine(l);
        }
        break;
    case CTRL_B:     /* ctrl-b */
        linenoiseEditMoveLeft(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_F:     /* ctrl-f */
        linenoiseEditMoveRight(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_P:    /* ctrl-p */
        linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV);
        break;
    case CTRL_N:    /* ctrl-n */
        linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT);
        break;
    case ESC:    /* escape sequence */
        /* Read the next two bytes representing the escape sequence.
         * Use two calls to handle slow terminals returning the two
         * chars at different times. */
        if (read(l->ifd,seq,1) == -1) break;
        if (read(l->ifd,seq+1,1) == -1) break;

        /* ESC [ sequences. */
        if (seq[0] == '[') {
            if (seq[1] >= '0' && seq[1] <= '9') {
                /* Extended escape, read additional byte. */
                if (read(l->ifd,seq+2,1) == -1) break;
                if (seq[2] == '~') {
                    switch(seq[1]) {
                    case '3': /* Delete key. */
                        linenoiseEditDelete(l);
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                switch(seq[1]) {
                case 'A': /* Up */
                    linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_PREV);
                    break;
                case 'B': /* Down */
                    linenoiseEditHistoryNext(l, LINENOISE_HISTORY_NEXT);
                    break;
                case 'C': /* Right */
                    linenoiseEditMoveRight(l);
                    break;
                case 'D': /* Left */
                    linenoiseEditMoveLeft(l);
                    break;
                case 'H': /* Home */
                    linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
                    break;
                case 'F': /* End*/
                    linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        /* ESC O sequences. */
        else if (seq[0] == 'O') {
            switch(seq[1]) {
            case 'H': /* Home */
                linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
                break;
            case 'F': /* End*/
                linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
                break;
            }
        }
        break;
    default:
        if (linenoiseEditInsert(l,c)) return NULL;
        break;
    case CTRL_U: /* Ctrl+u, delete the whole line. */
        l->buf[0] = '\0';
        l->pos = l->len = 0;
        refreshLine(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_K: /* Ctrl+k, delete from current to end of line. */
        l->buf[l->pos] = '\0';
        l->len = l->pos;
        refreshLine(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_A: /* Ctrl+a, go to the start of the line */
        linenoiseEditMoveHome(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_E: /* ctrl+e, go to the end of the line */
        linenoiseEditMoveEnd(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_L: /* ctrl+l, clear screen */
        linenoiseClearScreen();
        refreshLine(l);
        break;
    case CTRL_W: /* ctrl+w, delete previous word */
        linenoiseEditDeletePrevWord(l);
        break;
    }
    return linenoiseEditMore;
}

/* This is part of the multiplexed linenoise API. See linenoiseEditStart()
 * for more information. This function is called when linenoiseEditFeed()
 * returns something different than NULL. At this point the user input
 * is in the buffer, and we can restore the terminal in normal mode. */
void linenoiseEditStop(struct linenoiseState *l) {
    if (!isatty(l->ifd)) return;
    disableRawMode(l->ifd);
    printf("\n");
}

/* This just implements a blocking loop for the multiplexed API.
 * In many applications that are not event-drivern, we can just call
 * the blocking linenoise API, wait for the user to complete the editing
 * and return the buffer. */
static const char *linenoiseBlockingEdit(int stdin_fd, int stdout_fd, char *buf, size_t buflen, const char *prompt)
{
    struct linenoiseState l;

    /* Editing without a buffer is invalid. */
    if (buflen == 0) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return NULL;
    }

    linenoiseEditStart(&l,stdin_fd,stdout_fd,buf,buflen,prompt);
    const char *res;
    while((res = linenoiseEditFeed(&l)) == linenoiseEditMore);
    linenoiseEditStop(&l);
    return res;
}

/* This special mode is used by linenoise in order to print scan codes
 * on screen for debugging / development purposes. It is implemented
 * by the linenoise_example program using the --keycodes option. */
void linenoisePrintKeyCodes(void) {
    char quit[4];

    printf("Linenoise key codes debugging mode.\n"
            "Press keys to see scan codes. Type 'quit' at any time to exit.\n");
    if (enableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO) == -1) return;
    memset(quit,' ',4);
    while(1) {
        char c;
        int nread;

        nread = read(STDIN_FILENO,&c,1);
        if (nread <= 0) continue;
        memmove(quit,quit+1,sizeof(quit)-1); /* shift string to left. */
        quit[sizeof(quit)-1] = c; /* Insert current char on the right. */
        if (memcmp(quit,"quit",sizeof(quit)) == 0) break;

        printf("'%c' %02x (%d) (type quit to exit)\n",
            isprint(c) ? c : '?', (int)c, (int)c);
        printf("\r"); /* Go left edge manually, we are in raw mode. */
        fflush(stdout);
    }
    disableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
}

/* This function is called when linenoise() is called with the standard
 * input file descriptor not attached to a TTY. So for example when the
 * program using linenoise is called in pipe or with a file redirected
 * to its standard input. In this case, we want to be able to return the
 * line regardless of its length (by default we are limited to 4k). */
static char *linenoiseNoTTY(void) {
    char *line = NULL;
    size_t len = 0, maxlen = 0;

    while(1) {
        if (len == maxlen) {
            if (maxlen == 0) maxlen = 16;
            maxlen *= 2;
            char *oldval = line;
            line = (char*) realloc(line,maxlen);
            if (line == NULL) {
                if (oldval) free(oldval);
                return NULL;
            }
        }
        int c = fgetc(stdin);
        if (c == EOF || c == '\n') {
            if (c == EOF && len == 0) {
                free(line);
                return NULL;
            } else {
                line[len] = '\0';
                return line;
            }
        } else {
            line[len] = c;
            len++;
        }
    }
}

/* The high level function that is the main API of the linenoise library.
 * This function checks if the terminal has basic capabilities, just checking
 * for a blacklist of stupid terminals, and later either calls the line
 * editing function or uses dummy fgets() so that you will be able to type
 * something even in the most desperate of the conditions. */
const char *linenoise(const char *prompt) {
    char buf[LINENOISE_MAX_LINE];

    if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
        /* Not a tty: read from file / pipe. In this mode we don't want any
         * limit to the line size, so we call a function to handle that. */
        return linenoiseNoTTY();
    } else if (isUnsupportedTerm()) {
        size_t len;

        printf("%s",prompt);
        fflush(stdout);
        if (fgets(buf,LINENOISE_MAX_LINE,stdin) == NULL) return NULL;
        len = strlen(buf);
        while(len && (buf[len-1] == '\n' || buf[len-1] == '\r')) {
            len--;
            buf[len] = '\0';
        }
        return strdup(buf);
    } else {
        const char *retval = linenoiseBlockingEdit(STDIN_FILENO,STDOUT_FILENO,buf,LINENOISE_MAX_LINE,prompt);
        return retval;
    }
}

/* This is just a wrapper the user may want to call in order to make sure
 * the linenoise returned buffer is freed with the same allocator it was
 * created with. Useful when the main program is using an alternative
 * allocator. */
void linenoiseFree(void *ptr) {
    if (ptr == linenoiseEditMore) return; // Protect from API misuse.
    free(ptr);
}

/* ================================ History ================================= */

/* Free the history, but does not reset it. Only used when we have to
 * exit() to avoid memory leaks are reported by valgrind & co. */
static void freeHistory(void) {
    if (history) {
        int j;

        for (j = 0; j < history_len; j++)
            free(history[j]);
        free(history);
    }
}

/* At exit we'll try to fix the terminal to the initial conditions. */
static void linenoiseAtExit(void) {
    disableRawMode(STDIN_FILENO);
    freeHistory();
}

/* This is the API call to add a new entry in the linenoise history.
 * It uses a fixed array of char pointers that are shifted (memmoved)
 * when the history max length is reached in order to remove the older
 * entry and make room for the new one, so it is not exactly suitable for huge
 * histories, but will work well for a few hundred of entries.
 *
 * Using a circular buffer is smarter, but a bit more complex to handle. */
int linenoiseHistoryAdd(const char *line) {
    char *linecopy;

    if (history_max_len == 0) return 0;

    /* Initialization on first call. */
    if (history == NULL) {
        history = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char*)*history_max_len);
        if (history == NULL) return 0;
        memset(history,0,(sizeof(char*)*history_max_len));
    }

    /* Don't add duplicated lines. */
    if (history_len && !strcmp(history[history_len-1], line)) return 0;

    /* Add an heap allocated copy of the line in the history.
     * If we reached the max length, remove the older line. */
    linecopy = strdup(line);
    if (!linecopy) return 0;
    if (history_len == history_max_len) {
        free(history[0]);
        memmove(history,history+1,sizeof(char*)*(history_max_len-1));
        history_len--;
    }
    history[history_len] = linecopy;
    history_len++;
    return 1;
}

/* Set the maximum length for the history. This function can be called even
 * if there is already some history, the function will make sure to retain
 * just the latest 'len' elements if the new history length value is smaller
 * than the amount of items already inside the history. */
int linenoiseHistorySetMaxLen(int len) {
    char **new_ptr;

    if (len < 1) return 0;
    if (history) {
        int tocopy = history_len;

        new_ptr = (char**) malloc(sizeof(char*)*len);
        if (new_ptr == NULL) return 0;

        /* If we can't copy everything, free the elements we'll not use. */
        if (len < tocopy) {
            int j;

            for (j = 0; j < tocopy-len; j++) free(history[j]);
            tocopy = len;
        }
        memset(new_ptr,0,sizeof(char*)*len);
        memcpy(new_ptr,history+(history_len-tocopy), sizeof(char*)*tocopy);
        free(history);
        history = new_ptr;
    }
    history_max_len = len;
    if (history_len > history_max_len)
        history_len = history_max_len;
    return 1;
}

/* Save the history in the specified file. On success 0 is returned
 * otherwise -1 is returned. */
int linenoiseHistorySave(const char *filename) {
    mode_t old_umask = umask(S_IXUSR|S_IRWXG|S_IRWXO);
    File   file;
    file.open(filename, "w");
    umask(old_umask);
    if (file.file == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    chmod(filename,S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
    for (int j = 0; j < history_len; ++j) {
        fprintf(file.file, "%s\n", history[j]);
    }

    return 0;
}

/* Load the history from the specified file. If the file does not exist
 * zero is returned and no operation is performed.
 *
 * If the file exists and the operation succeeded 0 is returned, otherwise
 * on error -1 is returned. */
int linenoiseHistoryLoad(const char *filename) {
    File file;
    file.open(filename, "r");
    char buf[LINENOISE_MAX_LINE];
    if (file.file == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    while (fgets(buf, LINENOISE_MAX_LINE, file.file) != NULL) {
        char *p;

        p = strchr(buf,'\r');
        if (!p) p = strchr(buf,'\n');
        if (p) *p = '\0';
        linenoiseHistoryAdd(buf);
    }
    return 0;
}
#endif